Applied Sciences

Research

13 pages, 2817 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Angelica ternata Extract from Kyrgyzstan on the Formation of Candida albicans ATCC 10231 Biofilms

by Nadezhda Sachivkina, Arfenya Karamyan, Valentina Semenova, Aleksej Ignatiev, Abdugani Abdurasulov, Rakhima Muratova, Dinara Emilbekova, Venera Ermatova, Ali Risvanli, Ruslan Salykov, Alfia Ibragimova and Ekaterina Neborak

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 12042; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132112042 - 4 Nov 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1713

Abstract

The therapeutic potential of Angelica ternata extract was tested against biofilm-associated fungi Candida albicans. Such an extract with a 1.896 ± 0.071% per 1 mL rutin content of flavonoids can reliably suppress the formation of biofilms of pathogenic yeast-like fungi up to [...] Read more.

The therapeutic potential of Angelica ternata extract was tested against biofilm-associated fungi Candida albicans. Such an extract with a 1.896 ± 0.071% per 1 mL rutin content of flavonoids can reliably suppress the formation of biofilms of pathogenic yeast-like fungi up to 76.6%. The herbal medicine has a significant effect on the initiation, adhesion, and development of biofilms. If the extract is added to a developed biofilm, it has a significant effect on the matrix. As a result, the “glue” between the cells is washed out and they are more easily washed away from the well of the microplate to which they are attached. In this case, the optical density of the biofilm is halved (50.5%). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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14 pages, 1247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Selected Factors on Antioxidant Properties of Chlorogenic Acid and Kaempferol as Well as Their Binary Mixtures

by Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk and Dorota Wianowska

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(20), 11138; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132011138 - 10 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1163

Abstract

Plants are a rich source of substances with antioxidant properties, including high amounts of polyphenolic compounds, as well as other substances that do not necessarily have antioxidant properties. The presented paper concerns the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of polyphenolics and their binary [...] Read more.

Plants are a rich source of substances with antioxidant properties, including high amounts of polyphenolic compounds, as well as other substances that do not necessarily have antioxidant properties. The presented paper concerns the evaluation of the antioxidant properties of polyphenolics and their binary mixtures in the presence of other components of the system that do not exhibit antioxidant properties. Model systems containing chlorogenic acid and kaempferol were used in the experiments, differing not only in the volume of the alcoholic antioxidant solution in the measurement system, but also in temperature, content of water, metal ions and hydrogen ions. The ability to neutralize free radicals in the systems was estimated using the ABTS method. In light of the presented data, the dominant resultant antioxidant effect in the mixture is antagonism. Its value depends not only on the mutual relations of individual compounds, but also on the presence of other components in the tested system, not only antioxidants. The greatest effect on the antioxidant properties was observed for systems containing iron ions, ethanol and in the presence of hydrogen ions. The obtained results indicate an extremely complex nature of the assessment of antioxidant properties, even in seemingly simple measurement systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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14 pages, 1425 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phytochemical Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Tambourissa ficus, a Mauritian Endemic Fruit

by Cheetra Bhajan, Joyce Govinden Soulange, Vijayanti Mala Ranghoo Sanmukhiya, Remigiusz Olędzki and Joanna Harasym

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10908; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910908 - 1 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1596

Abstract

Until now, the Mauritian endemic fruit Tambourissa ficus of the Monimiaceae family has remained unexplored. The study’s goal was to look into the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of the fruit. The presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, coumarins, alkaloids, [...] Read more.

Until now, the Mauritian endemic fruit Tambourissa ficus of the Monimiaceae family has remained unexplored. The study’s goal was to look into the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of different solvent extracts of the fruit. The presence of phenolics, flavonoids, terpenes, coumarins, alkaloids, and tannins was discovered through qualitative screening. The highest total polyphenol content (TPC = 9.78 ± 0.18 mg GAE/g dw) and the highest total flavonoid content (TFC = 8.84 ± 0.07 mg QE/g dw) was observed in ethanolic extract, while the highest total terpenoid content (TTC = 587.9 ± 0.72 mg linalool/g dw) was found in the acetone extract. The antioxidant activity vs. ABTS was the highest (4.71 ± 0.18 mg TE/g dw) in the ethanol extract. All three groups—TPC, TFC, and TTC revealed a moderate correlation with ABTS antioxidant activity, being 0.754, 0.778, and 0.774 on average, respectively. Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy spectrophotometry and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polyphenolic compounds. Individual noteworthy phytochemicals, including the alkaloids chelidonine, protopine, and brevicarine, which are potential antioxidant compounds, were also discovered in the fruit through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) screening. The overall antioxidant activity of the fruit can, therefore, be attributed to the synergistic effects of the multiple chemical components in the extracts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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23 pages, 1057 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Stability of Vitamin C Content in Plant and Vegetable Juices under Different Storing Conditions

by Melánia Feszterová, Małgorzata Kowalska and Margaréta Mišiaková

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10640; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910640 - 25 Sep 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7412

Abstract

The effect of environmental variables on vitamin C degradation in the analysed plant and vegetable juice samples was investigated. The study focused on samples from chives, dandelion, and nettle, as well as tomato, carrot, cucumber, red and white peppers, and cabbage. The aims [...] Read more.

The effect of environmental variables on vitamin C degradation in the analysed plant and vegetable juice samples was investigated. The study focused on samples from chives, dandelion, and nettle, as well as tomato, carrot, cucumber, red and white peppers, and cabbage. The aims of the study were to summarise the impact of storage time, temperature, and packaging materials on antioxidants (using vitamin C as an example) in processing plant and vegetable juices. The vitamin C concentration was tested iodometrically at 0 to 21 days intervals. Storage was carried out at different temperatures (4 °C, 23 °C, −18 °C) and in two selected packaging materials (glass and plastic). The analyses showed that low temperatures (t = 4 °C) and storage in glass containers are best for preserving vitamin C content. Storage time influenced the decrease in vitamin C values, with higher losses accompanying longer storage times. Plastic containers had a shorter shelf life for vitamin C compared to glass containers. In general, high temperatures during processing and storage have a negative effect on the preservation of vitamin C. Therefore, storing juices in the refrigerator and glass containers intended for food applications to minimise vitamin C degradation is important. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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16 pages, 1025 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Coumarins of Ferulopsis hystrix: LC–MS Profiling and Gastroprotective and Antioxidant Activities of Skimmin and Peucenidin

by Yanina G. Razuvaeva, Anyuta A. Toropova, Saizana M. Salchak and Daniil N. Olennikov

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9653; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179653 - 25 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1602

Abstract

Ferulopsis hystrix is a perennial plant of the Apiaceae family. In Buryat and Mongolian medicine, it is used as a substitute for Costus speciosus roots (ru rta), and in Tibetan medicine, it is used to cure digestive system diseases and used as a [...] Read more.

Ferulopsis hystrix is a perennial plant of the Apiaceae family. In Buryat and Mongolian medicine, it is used as a substitute for Costus speciosus roots (ru rta), and in Tibetan medicine, it is used to cure digestive system diseases and used as a wound-healing agent. However, its metabolites and their bioactivities are still poorly understood. High-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass-spectrometric detection (HPLC–PDA–ESI–tQ–MS/MS) were used to identify approximately 42 phenolic compounds in F. hystrix, and 30 coumarins were characterized and quantified. The major compounds in F. hystrix roots were skimmin (umbelliferone 7-O-glucoside) and peucenidin (vaginidiol 3′-O-acetyl-4′-O-senecioyl ester), of which, gastroprotective and antioxidant effects were found for the first time. The abovementioned compounds exhibit a gastroprotective effect against indomethacin and steroid gastropathy by reducing the amount of damage (point, large, and strip-like erosions) in the gastric mucosa and lowering the corresponding Paul’s index. The most pronounced gastroprotective effect was exhibited by skimmin at a dose of 1 mg/kg and by peucenidin at doses of 16 and 48 mg/kg; these compounds help to limit the development of pronounced erosive–necrotic processes in the gastric mucosa. In pathological conditions, these compounds reduce malondialdehyde, increase the activity of catalase, and increase the content of reduced glutathione in the blood. Thus, this study demonstrates that F. hystrix roots are a good source of bioactive coumarins with gastroprotective potential, which supports earlier ethnopharmacological studies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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16 pages, 3832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

α-Glucosidase Inhibitors Based on Oleanolic Acid for the Treatment of Immunometabolic Disorders

by Anastasiya V. Petrova, Denis A. Babkov, Elmira F. Khusnutdinova, Irina P. Baikova, Oxana B. Kazakova, Elena V. Sokolova and Alexander A. Spasov

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9269; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169269 - 15 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1310

Abstract

Using oleanolic acid as a starting compound, a series of new oleanane-type triterpenic derivatives were synthesized via O-acylation (with nicotinic, isonicotinic, and methoxycinnamic acid acyl chlorides), N-amidation (with cyclic- or polyamines), the Mannich reaction (with secondary cyclic amines), and Claisen–Schmidt condensation [...] Read more.

Using oleanolic acid as a starting compound, a series of new oleanane-type triterpenic derivatives were synthesized via O-acylation (with nicotinic, isonicotinic, and methoxycinnamic acid acyl chlorides), N-amidation (with cyclic- or polyamines), the Mannich reaction (with secondary cyclic amines), and Claisen–Schmidt condensation (with aromatic aldehydes), and their potencies as treatments for immunometabolic disorders were investigated. The compounds were evaluated against α-glucosidase and PTP1B enzymes and LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. It was found that the target compounds are highly effective α-glucosidase inhibitors but lack activity against PTP1B. A leading compound, N-methylpiperazine methylated 2,3-indolo-oleanolic propargyl amide 15, is also a micromolar inhibitor of NO synthesis in LPS-stimulated macrophages and suppresses oxidative bursts in neutrophils with similar efficiency. These results, in addition to its ability to stimulate glucose uptake in rat fibroblasts and improve maltose tolerance in rats, allow us to consider compound 15 a promising prototype drug for the treatment of immunometabolic defects in type 2 diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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16 pages, 959 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactive Phenolic Compounds from Apples during Simulated In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion: Kinetics of Their Release

by Lidija Jakobek, Jozo Ištuk, Andrew R. Barron and Petra Matić

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8434; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148434 - 21 Jul 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1576

Abstract

Bioactive phenolic compounds in their natural form show beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal system. The kinetics of their release are important for understanding those effects. The aim was to study the kinetics of the release of phenolic compounds from apples during in vitro [...] Read more.

Bioactive phenolic compounds in their natural form show beneficial effects on the gastrointestinal system. The kinetics of their release are important for understanding those effects. The aim was to study the kinetics of the release of phenolic compounds from apples during in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion by using modified equations of first- and second-order kinetics. 35% and 67% of total phenolic compounds were released in the gastric phase, and 26% and 27% in the intestinal phase (peel and flesh, respectively). Intensive release of anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, dihydrochalcones, phenolic acids, and flavonols occurred in the first 10 min of gastric digestion. In intestinal digestion, flavan-3-ols and anthocyanins were not identified; the dihydrochalcone amount decreased, while phenolic acids and flavonols showed stability. Concentrations at the endpoint of the release (c_∞) were determined with kinetic equations fitted well to the experimental data (c_exp) (r² = 0.9973 and 0.9946 for first- and second-order). The half-life for released phenolic subgroups in gastric digestion was up to 3.5 (first-order kinetics) or 2.5 min (second-order), or in intestinal digestion up to 20.9 (first-order) or 32.3 min (second-order). Modified equations reported here for the first time fit well with the experimental data. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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13 pages, 1001 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Ultrasonic, Thermal and Enzymatic Treatment of Mash on Yield and Content of Bioactive Compounds in Strawberry Juice

by Elżbieta Radziejewska-Kubzdela

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4268; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074268 - 28 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1707

Abstract

Strawberries are rich in bioactive compounds that may be of health importance. The technological process often significantly reduces the content of such compounds in the product. The study aimed to compare the effect of enzymatic, ultrasonic and thermal mash treatment on the content [...] Read more.

Strawberries are rich in bioactive compounds that may be of health importance. The technological process often significantly reduces the content of such compounds in the product. The study aimed to compare the effect of enzymatic, ultrasonic and thermal mash treatment on the content of ascorbic acid, anthocyanins, phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of strawberry juice. In addition, the effect of increased temperature assisting ultrasonic mash treatment and the use of a vacuum for a short period to remove air from the mash during pectinolysis was investigated. A significant increase in the efficiency of juice pressing was obtained for enzymatic treatment (by 40%), thermal and thermosonication (16%). It was found that the applied methods yield different results depending on the tested compounds. In the case of anthocyanin, the most effective method was thermosonication, which contributed to a 40% increase in their content. The enzymatic and thermal methods resulted in a two-fold increase in the content of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant activity of the juice from the treated mash (regardless of the method used) was significantly higher than samples from the untreated mash. A significant correlation (r = 0.77) was noted between antioxidant capacity and non-anthocyanin phenolic compound content in the tested juices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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12 pages, 989 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Cooking Methods on Bioactive Pigments in Purple Carrots (Daucus carota L.)

by Laura Sáez-Escudero, Gracia Patricia Blanch and María Luisa Ruiz del Castillo

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4073; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074073 - 23 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2416

Abstract

Carotenoids and anthocyanins are plant-based molecules that have shown potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities contributing to human health. Purple carrots contain not only the carotenoids occurring in the typical orange carrots, but also a high content of anthocyanins, which makes them nutritionally more [...] Read more.

Carotenoids and anthocyanins are plant-based molecules that have shown potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities contributing to human health. Purple carrots contain not only the carotenoids occurring in the typical orange carrots, but also a high content of anthocyanins, which makes them nutritionally more interesting. However, most of these bioactive compounds are partially lost during cooking. This study aimed to determine total carotenoid content (TCC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) in terms of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity in cooked purple carrots. The identification of the main anthocyanins was also performed by HPLC-DAD. With a view to evaluating the effect of cooking, purple carrots were subjected to freeze-drying, boiling, steaming and roasting. To our knowledge, this is the first extensive study about the effect of various cooking methods on different parameters related to the beneficial health properties of purple carrots. As a result, freeze-drying brought about significant loss of carotenoids (TCCs 554.90 µg·g⁻¹ vs. 1136.66 µg·g⁻¹ in fresh carrots) whereas boiling resulted in a significant decrease of polyphenols (TPCs 15.71 µg·g⁻¹ vs. 66.71 µg·g⁻¹ in fresh carrots) and anthocyanins (TACs 1.41 µg·g⁻¹ vs. 4.83 µg·g⁻¹ in fresh carrots). The results in this paper can be used by the food industry to elaborate more nutritious purple-carrot-based products. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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18 pages, 2550 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation of the Protective Effects of Urtica dioica, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Inula racemosa on Acetaminophen-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Swiss Albino Male Mice

by Sumaira Yousuf, Shabnam Shabir, Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi, Shailesh Srivastav, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh, Zaid Bassfar, Mohammed M. Jalal, Mamdoh S. Moawadh, Yahya F. Jamous, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Emanuel Vamanu and Mahendra P. Singh

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3925; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063925 - 20 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2934

Abstract

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used nonprescription antipyretic-analgesic drug. This medication is thought to be safe at the suggested dosage (4 g/24 h), but its overdose (up to 2.5 g/kg) can cause severe injuries to the human body, including renal injury. APAP [...] Read more.

Acetaminophen (APAP) is the most commonly used nonprescription antipyretic-analgesic drug. This medication is thought to be safe at the suggested dosage (4 g/24 h), but its overdose (up to 2.5 g/kg) can cause severe injuries to the human body, including renal injury. APAP has various toxic effects on nephrons, as it leads to an excessive free radical generation that, in turn, results in a disturbance in the redox homeostasis of cells, causing oxidative stress. To replenish this oxidative stress, there is an ultimate urge for natural therapies that can retain the cellular homeostasis of nephrons by diminishing the overdose impression of acetaminophen. The principle objective of this work is to appraise nephrotoxicity due to APAP and its amelioration through the antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts of selected medicinal plants: Urtica dioica, Capsella bursa-pastoris, and Inula racemosa (UD, CBP, and IR, respectively). The pH stability of the nutraceuticals used was examined by determining the impact of pH 4, pH 7 and pH 9 on the DPPH radical scavenging activity of aqueous plant extracts. Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) analytical technique was performed to determine the volatile organic phytochemical profiles of all three medicinal plants. Male Swiss albino mice were used for the present investigation. The animals were distributed into five groups of (n = 6), a total of 30 mice, for in vivo analysis. Group 1 served as the control group; group 2 received a single IP dose of APAP (600 mg/kg); group 3 received APAP pretreated with UD (300 mg/kg); group 4 received APAP pretreated with CBP (300 mg/kg); and group 5 received APAP pretreated with IR (300 mg/kg). Overdose of the APAP- induced a significant (p < 0.05) alterations in the total protein concentration, weight and the nephrological architecture in renal tissue, as observed through biochemical assays and histopathological examinations. Due to nephrotoxicity, there was a substantial (p < 0.05) drop in body weight and total protein contents in the APAP alone group when compared to the treatment groups. There was remarkable protection against APAP-induced alterations in the total protein of renal homogenate in the treatment groups. Histopathological analysis (H&E staining) of the mice kidneys indicated severe deterioration in the APAP alone group, whereas the therapy groups showed considerable nephroprotection towards APAP-induced abnormalities. The biochemical findings and histopathological study of the kidneys revealed that the herbal extracts (UD, CBP, and IR) have a nephroprotective potential against APAP-induced nephropathy. The trend of efficacy was observed as UD > CBP > IR. However, extensive study is needed to determine the likely ameliorative mechanism of these nutraceuticals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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20 pages, 1941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioactive Vitamin C Content from Natural Selected Fruit Juices

by Melánia Feszterová, Margaréta Mišiaková and Małgorzata Kowalska

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3624; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063624 - 12 Mar 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 12413

Abstract

The content of vitamin C in fruit juices can be lowered by alterations in storage and temperature. This study compared storage circumstances (temperature, duration, and packaging type) to determine which variable had the biggest influence on changes in the vitamin C content of [...] Read more.

The content of vitamin C in fruit juices can be lowered by alterations in storage and temperature. This study compared storage circumstances (temperature, duration, and packaging type) to determine which variable had the biggest influence on changes in the vitamin C content of juices (grapefruit, mandarin, peach, apple, pear, plum). Fruit juices held in glass (plastic) containers at 4 °C saw vitamin C losses in the range of 0.0–10.9% (2.4–17.4%) in 24 h, 1.4–22.6% (5.2–25.3%) in 48 h, and 2.8–37.0% (6.0–39.0%) in three days. By raising the storage temperature to 23 °C, vitamin C losses in glass (plastic) containers were found to be 1.4–19.1% (5.2–22.2%), 2.8–20.9% (5.9–25.9%), and 4.5–43.5% (6.0–38.7%) of the value after 24 h, 48 h, and three days, respectively. When decreasing the temperature to −18 °C in fruit juices stored in glass (plastic) containers, there were losses of vitamin C in 24 h in the range of 1.5–19.6% (3.0–20.0%), in 48 h, 4.5–26.1% (4.5–26.1%), and in three days, 6.0–43.1% (5.8–43.5%) of the value. The effect of temperature on vitamin C concentration has been proven. Fruit juice’s vitamin C is more stable when kept in glass containers as opposed to plastic ones, which have a limited shelf life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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12 pages, 2569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of Cheonwangbosim-dan in a Mouse Model of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Fibrotic Therapy

by Jee Hyun Kang, Eunhye Jung, Eun-Ju Hong, Eun Bok Baek, Mee-Young Lee and Hyo-Jung Kwun

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1829; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031829 - 31 Jan 2023

Viewed by 1812

Abstract

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung illness, marked by dyspnea, coughing, and sputum production. Cheonwangbosim-dan (CBD) is a traditional East Asian medicine, consisting of a combination of 15 medicinal herbs, which is frequently used to treat arterial/auricular flutter, neuroses, cardiac-malfunction-induced diseases, [...] Read more.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung illness, marked by dyspnea, coughing, and sputum production. Cheonwangbosim-dan (CBD) is a traditional East Asian medicine, consisting of a combination of 15 medicinal herbs, which is frequently used to treat arterial/auricular flutter, neuroses, cardiac-malfunction-induced diseases, and insomnia. The present study evaluated the therapeutic effect of CBD (100 or 200 mg/kg) on COPD using a mouse model of COPD induced by cigarette smoke (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The increase in inflammatory cell numbers caused by exposure to CS and LPS was significantly reduced by CBD administration. In addition, CBD therapy reduced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). In lung tissue, CBD not only reduced the levels of IL-1β (CBD 100: p < 0.001 and CBD 200: p < 0.001), IL-6 (CBD 100: p < 0.001 and CBD 200: p < 0.001), TNF-α (CBD 100: p = 0.005 and CBD 200: p = 0.014), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1; CBD 100: p = 0.018 and CBD 200: p = 0.003), but also decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA; CBD 100: p < 0.001 and CBD 200: p < 0.001), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β; CBD 100: p < 0.001 and CBD 200: p < 0.001), matrix metallopeptidase-7 (MMP-7; CBD 100: p = 0.019 and CBD 200: p < 0.001), MMP-9 (CBD 100: p = 0.015 and CBD 200: p = 0.013), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1; CBD 100: p = 0.035 and CBD 200: p = 0.013) compared with the COPD group. CBD was also found to suppress the phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK). Taken together, these findings showed that CBD can attenuate respiratory inflammation and airway remodeling induced by exposure to CS and LPS, suggesting that CBD has probable preventive and therapeutic applications in patients with COPD. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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18 pages, 2988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Quality Assessment of Natural Juices and Consumer Preferences in the Range of Citrus Fruit Juices

by Małgorzata Kowalska, Justyna Konopska, Melánia Feszterová, Anna Zbikowska and Barbara Kowalska

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 765; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13020765 - 5 Jan 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 6775

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to analyse and update consumers’ changing preferences in the choice of citrus fruit juices and to evaluate the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of two kinds of juices: juice squeezed from raw fruit and a commercial juice indicated [...] Read more.

The purpose of the study was to analyse and update consumers’ changing preferences in the choice of citrus fruit juices and to evaluate the sensory and physicochemical characteristics of two kinds of juices: juice squeezed from raw fruit and a commercial juice indicated by respondents as best matching their preferences. The survey was conducted in the form of an online survey posted on app.ankieteo.pl. The survey was also sent via a link through social networks. A total of 862 people took part in the survey. Consumers are most likely to consume juices one to three times a week (28.3%). Orange juice was the most popular among respondents (52.4%). The main factors influencing decisions to purchase citrus fruit juices are the type of fruit from which the juice was made, the vitamin content and the product’s price. In choosing juices, respondents were also guided by favourable health qualities and the presence of minerals. From the physicochemical determinations of orange juices obtained from a juicer and squeezer and commercial juice “O”, it was found that the quality of commercial orange juice indicated by consumers in the survey is comparable to juices made with a squeezer or a juice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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12 pages, 1172 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dandelion Flowers as an Additive to Wheat Bread: Physical Properties of Dough and Bread Quality

by Grażyna Cacak-Pietrzak, Dariusz Dziki, Urszula Gawlik-Dziki, Alicja Sułek, Monika Wójcik and Anna Krajewska

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 477; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010477 - 29 Dec 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2480

Abstract

Dandelion flowers (DF) are a rich source of many phytochemicals which can reduce oxidative stress in the human body. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dried and powdered DF addition into wheat flour (WF) on dough and bread [...] Read more.

Dandelion flowers (DF) are a rich source of many phytochemicals which can reduce oxidative stress in the human body. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dried and powdered DF addition into wheat flour (WF) on dough and bread properties. WF was replaced with DF at levels 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6%. Physical properties of dough and quality of control and supplemented bread were studied. The addition of DF increased water absorption of flour, development time and dough stability during mixing. However, these changes had no positive effect on bread quality. With an increase in the proportion of DF in the bread recipe, the volume of loaves and lightness of crumb decreased while its hardness and yellowness increased. As a result of these changes, the overall sensory acceptability of DF-enriched bread decreased. On the other hand, supplementation of WF with DF increased minerals, fiber and fat content in bread. Most importantly, DF enhanced the antioxidant capacity of bread and increased content of phenolics. Total phenolic content ranged from 1.00 mg GAE/g dry mass (DM) for control bread to 3.45 mg GAE/g DM when wheat flour was replaced with 6% of DF. To summarize, we showed that DF can be a valuable ingredient for bread fortification. However, the amount of WF replaced with DF should not exceed 2–3% while taking into account the sensory results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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14 pages, 1620 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Casein Hydrolysate and Casein–Iron Chelate as Natural Bioactive Compounds for Yoghurt Fortification

by Anna Mandecka, Anna Dąbrowska, Łukasz Bobak and Marek Szołtysik

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12903; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412903 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1762

Abstract

The aim of the study was to apply the bioactive components casein hydrolysate and casein–iron chelate to yoghurt and to analyze their influence on product parameters. Casein was hydrolyzed with the non-commercial protease obtained from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast and subjected to chelating process [...] Read more.

The aim of the study was to apply the bioactive components casein hydrolysate and casein–iron chelate to yoghurt and to analyze their influence on product parameters. Casein was hydrolyzed with the non-commercial protease obtained from Yarrowia lipolytica yeast and subjected to chelating process with Fe²⁺ ions. Both preparations were introduced to yoghurt production as additives for elevation of dry matter by 2%. The control yoghurt was produced with the addition of skim milk powder. In the prepared experimental yoghurts, the content of dry matter [DM], protein, fat, as well as iron contents were determined. The conducted studies showed that in all analyzed yogurts, DM content was at a similar level, while the protein content was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the variant containing 2% casein–iron chelate. In yoghurts with the casein–iron chelate as a bioactive compound, the iron concentration was about 61.5–123 times higher than in yoghurt with the addition of skim milk powder. It was shown that during storage the addition of casein–iron chelate positively influenced the number of analyzed microbe groups. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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8 pages, 548 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Impact of Altering the Ratio of Black Tea Granules and Ocimum gratissimum Leaves in a Binary Infusion on Radical Scavenging Potential Employing Cell Free Models and Ex Vivo Assays

by Khushboo Guleria, Amit Sehgal, Irshad Ahmad Bhat, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Emanuel Vamanu and Mahendra P. Singh

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10632; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010632 - 21 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1563

Abstract

Black tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed in the world. It is stronger in taste as well as in flavour compared to other less oxidized teas. It is made from the leaves of the shrub Camellia sinensis var. assamica. [...] Read more.

Black tea is one of the most popular beverages consumed in the world. It is stronger in taste as well as in flavour compared to other less oxidized teas. It is made from the leaves of the shrub Camellia sinensis var. assamica. Black tea can be supplemented with other plant parts to enhance its flavour and health-promoting properties. In India, Ocimum spp. leaves have been used for their medicinal properties since ancient times. These leaves can be added during black tea preparation to enhance their aroma and healing activities. O. gratissimum, known as “Scent Leaf”, is traditionally used for the management of many diseases, such as the common cold and cough. This work was designed to evaluate the antioxidant interaction between black tea and O. gratissimum (leaves) at five different ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1, and 3:1). To determine the antioxidant activity, chemical-based methods and ex vivo assays were conducted. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated by Folin’s reagent and aluminium chloride colorimetric assays, respectively. The antioxidant interactions were determined by the combination index (CI), using CompuSyn software. The black tea exhibited higher radical quenching activity (DPPH, ABTS, and NO) and antihaemolytic and anti-lipid peroxidation potential compared to the Ocimum gratissimum infusion. Variation in the antioxidant capability was observed for various ratios of the black tea and O. gratissimum (BT+OG) combination. The antioxidant interaction between BT and OG ranged from nearly additive to antagonistic. The total phenolic content was higher for O. gratissimum, whereas the total flavonoid content was high in black tea. The binary mixture of BT+OG at all ratios (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) expressed similar phenolic and flavonoid levels. Overall, black tea and O. gratissimum displayed additive antioxidant interaction and the highest free radical scavenging potential at a 3:1 proportion in all the performed parameters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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13 pages, 1681 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Protection of Phytoextracts against Rotenone-Induced Organismal Toxicities in Drosophila melanogaster via the Attenuation of ROS Generation

by Mahendra P. Singh, Ranjana Himalian, Shabnam Shabir, Ahmad A. Obaid, Abdulhakeem S. Alamri, Charis M. Galanakis, Sandeep Kumar Singh and Emanuel Vamanu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9822; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199822 - 29 Sep 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2071

Abstract

Nutraceuticals play an essential role in the reduction in free radical generation in cells. A similar idea was used in the present study to determine the effects of aqueous extracts on the organismal toxicities in a nontarget organism, Drosophila melanogaster, known as the [...] Read more.

Nutraceuticals play an essential role in the reduction in free radical generation in cells. A similar idea was used in the present study to determine the effects of aqueous extracts on the organismal toxicities in a nontarget organism, Drosophila melanogaster, known as the fruit fly. Punica granatum (peel and pulp), Carica papaya (peel), Foeniculum vulgare (seeds), Trigonella foenum-graecum (seeds), and Urtica dioica (leaves) extracts were employed in this study. The organismal or behavioral effects in rotenone-, and rotenone- and phytoextract-treated flies were evaluated using wild-type Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R⁺). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and behavioral parameters (climbing ability, memory power, emergence, and reproductive potential) were investigated. Urtica dioica leaves, Punica granatum peel, and pulp elicited maximal amelioration in Drosophila, although not at the same intensity, and all exhibited a varied degree of improvement in different assays. Most extracts with their potent active components (phenols, tannins, flavonoids, and amino acids) revealed a protective action against rotenone-induced toxicities at the organismal level in the stated parameters above. Interestingly, different strains and parameters had varied improvement tendencies. Thus, Drosophila may be used as a suitable in vivo animal model for such investigations, and the usage of phytoextracts may prevent a variety of disorders, including neurodegeneration. The results of this study may help in the use of specific herbs as reliable sources of phytoingredients that may be useful in developing nutraceuticals and in other clinical uses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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23 pages, 1529 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nutritional Composition and Biological Properties of Sixteen Edible Mushroom Species

by Maria Dimopoulou, Alexandros Kolonas, Stamatis Mourtakos, Odysseas Androutsos and Olga Gortzi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(16), 8074; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168074 - 12 Aug 2022

Cited by 49 | Viewed by 12053

Abstract

Mushrooms are considered to be functional foods with high nutritional, culinary, and pharmacological values, and there has been an increase in their consumption, both through the diet and in the form of dietary supplements. The present study aimed to briefly review the nutritional [...] Read more.

Mushrooms are considered to be functional foods with high nutritional, culinary, and pharmacological values, and there has been an increase in their consumption, both through the diet and in the form of dietary supplements. The present study aimed to briefly review the nutritional composition and biological properties of sixteen mushroom species, as well as to compare the mushrooms’ proximate composition to the analyses conducted at the University of Thessaly, Greece, in cooperation with the Natural History Museum of Meteora and Mushroom Museum. The macronutrient profile of each mushroom was analyzed according to the methods described in the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, at the School of Agricultural Sciences of the University of Thessaly. The protein content of the mushrooms was found to range between 13.8 g/100 g and 38.5 g/100 g, carbohydrate content ranged between 32 g/100 g and 61.4 g/100 g, and fat content ranged between 0.4 g/100 g and 5.9 g/100 g. Additionally, a serving of 100 g of most species of mushrooms covers 15 to 30% of the daily recommendation of vitamins and trace elements. Based on their compositions, mushrooms were shown to constitute excellent food sources from a nutritional point of view, containing high amounts of dietary fiber and protein, low fat, and reasonable sources of phosphorus, although they were shown to be poor in vitamin C. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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12 pages, 3456 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon Alleviated Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Rhinitis and IgE-triggered Degranulation of RBL-2H3 Cells

by Tae Kyeom Kang, Tam Thi Le, Su-Young Choi, Hee-Won Song, Wook-Bin Lee and Sang Hoon Jung

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 6116; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12126116 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2511

Abstract

Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon) root is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. However, no studies have examined its impact on allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the protective effects of L. erythrorhizon in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated [...] Read more.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon (L. erythrorhizon) root is used in traditional medicine for its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. However, no studies have examined its impact on allergic rhinitis (AR). Here, we explored the protective effects of L. erythrorhizon in immunoglobulin E (IgE)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells and in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mouse model. In the latter, we examined nasal mucosal inflammation, allergen-specific cytokine production, and histological changes to the nasal mucosa. In the mouse model, oral administration of an ethanol extract of L. erythrorhizon (LE) led to a marked reduction in rubbing and sneeze frequency, a significant decrease in serum OVA-specific IgE and IgG1 levels, and a significant increase in the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio. LE also reduced expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in nasal lavage fluid (NALF), and suppressed inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial degradation in nasal tissues. In IgE-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, LE suppressed release of degranulation markers such as β-hexosaminidase and histamine. Based on these findings, we suggest that LE may ameliorate OVA-induced AR by regulating mast cell-mediated inflammatory responses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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15 pages, 2854 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Assessment of the Type of Substrate and LEDs’ Irradiation Influence on Garden Cress Sprouts (Lepidium sativum L.)

by Oana Livadariu, Carmen Maximilian, Anca Daniela Raiciu and Cristian-Paul Șerbănică

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4732; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094732 - 8 May 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1885

Abstract

In the current context of climate change and life on Earth, the purpose of this paper is to establish the effects of different light treatments (i.e., LEDs—white, blue, red, and sunlight) and two different substrates (i.e., gauze and biochar) on garden cress sprouts. [...] Read more.

In the current context of climate change and life on Earth, the purpose of this paper is to establish the effects of different light treatments (i.e., LEDs—white, blue, red, and sunlight) and two different substrates (i.e., gauze and biochar) on garden cress sprouts. In this respect, sprouts’ fresh weight and fresh length were statistically analyzed. In the case of the fresh weight, the results indicated that the most suitable substrate for better growth is biochar under all of the light treatments, with a 5.78% weight increase. On the other hand, the highest particular value regarding weight was obtained for gauze substrate under sunlight treatment, with a 4.08% weight increase compared to biochar substrate and sunlight treatment. Furthermore, red LED and biochar used as substrate improved the development of short radicles, with a decrease in length of 94.80% compared to gauze substrate and red LED treatment. The effect of LED irradiation was completed with biochemical analyses concerning polyphenols, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity. Results suggest that blue LED is the most suitable source of artificial light to promote the accumulation of secondary metabolites, with a 9.88% higher concentration of flavonoids compared to the other light variants (2.22 ± 0.40 mg rutin equivalent/g fresh weight) and 37.98% higher concentration of polyphenols compared to the other light variants (2.76 ± 1.05 mg gallic acid equivalent/g fresh weight) in garden cress sprouts. The illumination with white LED produced the highest effect concerning antioxidant activity, with a 37.60% higher free radical scavenging activity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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25 pages, 7345 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Ketone Analog of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester Exhibits Antioxidant Activity via Activation of ERK-Dependent Nrf2 Pathway

by Khushwant S. Bhullar, Manal A. Nael, Khaled M. Elokely, Jérémie A. Doiron, Luc M. LeBlanc, Grégoire Lassalle-Claux, Mohamed Salla, Fahad S. Aldawsari, Mohamed Touaibia and H. P. Vasantha Rupasinghe

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(6), 3062; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12063062 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2221

Abstract

Due to their robust antioxidant properties, phenolic acids and their analogs are extensively studied for their ability to activate cellular antioxidant pathways, including nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Caffeic, ferulic, and gallic acid are well-studied members of phenolic acids. [...] Read more.

Due to their robust antioxidant properties, phenolic acids and their analogs are extensively studied for their ability to activate cellular antioxidant pathways, including nuclear factor (erythroid-derived-2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Caffeic, ferulic, and gallic acid are well-studied members of phenolic acids. Constant efforts are made to improve the pharmacological effects and bioavailability of phenolic acids by synthesizing their chemical derivatives. This study determines how modifications of the chemical structure of these phenolic acids affect their antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. We have selected six superior antioxidant compounds (12, 16, 26, 35, 42, and 44) of the 48 caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) analogs based on their ability to scavenge free radicals in vitro using standard antioxidant assays. These compounds exhibited minimal toxicity as indicated by cell cycle and cytochrome C release assays. Among these compounds, 44, the ketone analog of CAPE, exhibited the ability to increase p-Nrf2 (Ser40) levels in 293T cells (p < 0.05). Further, 44, exhibited its antioxidant effect in Drosophila Melanogaster as indicated by an increase in mRNA levels of Nrf2 and GPx (p < 0.05). Finally, the ability of 44 to activate the antioxidant pathway was abolished in the presence of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor in 293T cells. Thus, we identify 44, the ketone analog of CAPE, as a unique antioxidant molecule with the function of ERK-mediated Nrf2 activation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

15 pages, 1146 KiB

Open AccessReview

Marine-Originated Materials and Their Potential Use in Biomedicine

by Nefeli Lagopati, Natassa Pippa, Maria-Anna Gatou, Nefeli Papadopoulou-Fermeli, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Maria Gazouli and Evangelia A. Pavlatou

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9172; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169172 - 11 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3101

Abstract

Aquatic habitats cover almost 70% of the Earth, containing several species contributing to marine biodiversity. Marine and aquatic organisms are rich in chemical compounds that can be widely used in biomedicine (dentistry, pharmacy, cosmetology, etc.) as alternative raw biomaterials or in food supplements. [...] Read more.

Aquatic habitats cover almost 70% of the Earth, containing several species contributing to marine biodiversity. Marine and aquatic organisms are rich in chemical compounds that can be widely used in biomedicine (dentistry, pharmacy, cosmetology, etc.) as alternative raw biomaterials or in food supplements. Their structural characteristics make them promising candidates for tissue engineering approaches in regenerative medicine. Thus, seaweeds, marine sponges, arthropods, cnidaria, mollusks, and the biomaterials provided by them, such as alginate, vitamins, laminarin, collagen, chitin, chitosan, gelatin, hydroxyapatite, biosilica, etc., are going to be discussed focusing on the biomedical applications of these marine-originated biomaterials. The ultimate goal is to highlight the sustainability of the use of these biomaterials instead of conventional ones, mainly due to the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-aging and anticancer effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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15 pages, 1180 KiB

Open AccessReview

Pharmacological Properties and Safe Use of 12 Medicinal Plant Species and Their Bioactive Compounds Affecting the Immune System

by Małgorzata Geszke-Moritz, Gerard Nowak and Michał Moritz

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(11), 6477; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116477 - 25 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2528

Abstract

This paper presents raw plant materials and their characteristic compounds which may affect the immune system. Plant-derived agents in specific doses affect the body’s non-specific, antigen-independent defense system. They have immunostimulatory effects on the entire immune regulatory system. They can enhance the immune [...] Read more.

This paper presents raw plant materials and their characteristic compounds which may affect the immune system. Plant-derived agents in specific doses affect the body’s non-specific, antigen-independent defense system. They have immunostimulatory effects on the entire immune regulatory system. They can enhance the immune response through various factors such as macrophages, leukocytes, and granulocytes, as well as through mediators released by the cellular immune system. This paper was inspired by the threats caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The proper functioning of the immune system is important in limiting the effects of viral infection and restoring the normal functioning of the body. This paper also emphasizes the importance of the skillful use of plant immunostimulants by potential patients, but also by those who prescribe drugs. It is important not only to choose the right plant drug but above all to choose the correct dose and duration of treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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19 pages, 590 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bioactive Compounds from the Plants of the Elaeodendron Genus and Their Biological Activities—A Review

by Nambooze Jennifer, Abhay Prakash Mishra, Manisha Nigam, Hari Prasad Devkota, Keshav Raj Paudel and Motlalepula Gilbert Matsabisa

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 12618; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412618 - 9 Dec 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2440

Abstract

Elaeodendron is a genus of tiny trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs consisting of about 23 species. It is used in traditional medicine and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. From the plants in this genus, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and cardenolides have [...] Read more.

Elaeodendron is a genus of tiny trees, shrubs, vines, and herbs consisting of about 23 species. It is used in traditional medicine and has a wide range of pharmacological activities. From the plants in this genus, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, and cardenolides have been isolated. Elaeodendron species have been the subject of numerous in vitro investigations; however, not many vivo studies are available. Preclinical investigations have also revealed antiviral, anti-HIV, anticancer, antiproliferative, antioxidant, antifungal, anti-inflammation, cytotoxic, anti-plasmodial, anti-arthritic, antibacterial, and anti-diabetic activities. Bioactive substances found in Elaedendron that function in a variety of ways are related to these biological processes. Several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, etc., were searched using keywords such as “Elaeodendron”, “chemical constituents”, “anti-cancer”, “anti-viral”, “pharmacology”, etc., to perform a comprehensive review of the current literature. In this sense, this review intends to provide the most recent developments in the ethnomedical use of Elaeodendron species, and their therapeutic benefits and bioactive compounds. Many species of this genus are reported to be toxic. To provide stronger scientific support for their conventional usage, more in vivo and clinical research for mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation as well as toxicological studies should be carried out in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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16 pages, 1820 KiB

Open AccessReview

Helichrysum arenarium: From Cultivation to Application

by Silvana Mihaela Dănăilă-Guidea, Mihaela Carmen Eremia, Laura Dorina Dinu and Dana-Maria Miu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(20), 10241; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122010241 - 12 Oct 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6001

Abstract

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is known in traditional medicine for its diuretic, choleretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the superiority of Helichrysum arenarium (sandy everlasting) over other known plants as a source of active pharmacological compounds [...] Read more.

Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench, belonging to the Asteraceae family, is known in traditional medicine for its diuretic, choleretic, and anti-inflammatory properties. This review focuses on the superiority of Helichrysum arenarium (sandy everlasting) over other known plants as a source of active pharmacological compounds used in complementary medicine to prevent digestive and hepatobiliary illnesses. Because the species exists both in spontaneous flora and in crops, this article highlights the development of a controlled culture of H. arenarium, following the reproducible quality of the plant as a biological material. The diversity of phytocompounds, especially well-characterized flavonoid extracts, and the differences between extraction procedures are discussed. Antiviral, antibacterial, and antifungal activities against human pathogens proved by different plant extracts and their mechanisms of action are analyzed. This study aims to contribute to the insufficient knowledge regarding the effects of Helichrysum species and to reveal that their extracts can be a valuable source for new active pharmaceutical ingredients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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15 pages, 1716 KiB

Open AccessReview

2′-Hydroxyflavanone: A Bioactive Compound That Protects against Cancers

by Jeenu Cherian, Amit Sehgal, Sandeep K. Singh, Emanuel Vamanu and Mahendra P. Singh

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9543; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199543 - 23 Sep 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2153

Abstract

Cancer is defined as a multifactorial disease because it exhibits the continuous proliferation of malignant cells. It is one of the principal causes of death worldwide, with breast cancer occurrence being the highest among women and lung cancer being the highest among men. [...] Read more.

Cancer is defined as a multifactorial disease because it exhibits the continuous proliferation of malignant cells. It is one of the principal causes of death worldwide, with breast cancer occurrence being the highest among women and lung cancer being the highest among men. Hydroxyflavanones come under the category of flavonones and are further classified as 2′-hydroxyflavanone, 4′-hydroxyflavanone, 6-hydroxyflavanone, 7-hydroxyflavanone, etc. Flavonoids constitute approximately 60% of the total dietary polyphenols. Dietary components such as vegetables, fruits, cereals, soybeans, and tea are the chief sources of flavonoids, while citrus fruits contain a high amount of hydroxyflavanones. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone is known to have anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and anticancer activities. Hence, it is being investigated as a treatment for various diseases, especially cancer. 2′-Hydroxyflavanone can act as a chemotherapeutic agent in cancer. It restricts the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 pathway (STAT3) in some forms of cancer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

15 pages, 1218 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Plant-Mediated Inorganic Nanoparticles for Anti-Tumor Therapy in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review

by Cristina Mesas, Francisco Quiñonero, Francisco Revueltas, Laura Cabeza, Gloria Perazzoli, Consolación Melguizo and Jose Prados

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10156; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810156 - 9 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1417

Abstract

Colon cancer is the third most frequent neoplasm and the second most lethal worldwide. Despite progress in its treatment, new therapies are still needed to improve the prognosis of this type of tumor and, in this context, the use of plant compounds with [...] Read more.

Colon cancer is the third most frequent neoplasm and the second most lethal worldwide. Despite progress in its treatment, new therapies are still needed to improve the prognosis of this type of tumor and, in this context, the use of plant compounds with anti-tumor properties has been increasing in recent years. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the potential benefits of encapsulation of compounds derived from plant extracts in nanoparticles and their cytotoxic effect under in vitro conditions. Once the search strategy was defined based on the selected MESH terms, 147 publications published since 2012 were identified from three different databases (PubMed, SCOPUS and WOS). After eliminating duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 studies were finally included. The results showed that the use of natural extracts encapsulated in nanoparticles offered significant cytotoxic activity against colon neoplastic cells by increasing the therapeutic effect of free plant extracts through their encapsulation and without producing toxicity on healthy cells. In addition, most studies (14) involved metal-derived nanoparticles (zinc, iron and gold). Despite the possible efficacy of these nanodrugs, more in vivo studies are needed to elucidate their potential future therapeutic application and their biocompatibility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Products - Volume II)

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