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The Applications of Plasma Techniques II
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The Applications of Plasma Techniques II

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Optics and Lasers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2022) | Viewed by 16853

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mariusz Jasiński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Fluid Flow Machinery, Polish Academy of Sciences, Fiszera 14, 80-231 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: development of microwave plasma sources; plasma diagnostics; applications of atmospheric pressure microwave plasmas; application of microwave plasma sources for hydrogen production; application of microwave plasma sources for destruction of harmful gases; application of microwave plasma for treatment of materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of the journal Applied Sciences is intended to provide a description of devices and processes related to plasma applications in the broad sense. Plasma is called the fourth state of matter because its properties differ significantly from those of gas. Plasma can be defined as a conductive medium generated by the ionization of gas. Thus, it occurs as a mixture of photons, electrons ,and ions, but it can also contain neutral atoms and molecules. The concept of plasma includes media with very different properties. Densities and kinetic energies of plasma components differ for various types of plasma by several or even more orders of magnitude. Hence, plasmas can have very different applications. Nowadays, plasma is very common in everyday life—from ubiquitous discharge lamps to plasma TVs. In technology, plasma is used in areas as diverse as gas purification, surface treatment of materials, and corrective drives for spacecraft. Its use is limited only by the price and availability of electricity. Readers interested in this modern field of science and technology are invited to enjoy this collection of articles, which will certainly excite the curiosity of both scientists and engineers interested in plasma applications. Moreover, the solutions presented may encourage entrepreneurs to implement them. I wish you a pleasant reading.

Prof. Mariusz Jasinski
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • low-pressure plasmas
  • atmospheric pressure plasmas
  • DC and AC electrical discharges
  • corona discharges
  • glow discharges
  • DBD discharges
  • microplasmas
  • gliding arc discharges
  • RF electrical discharges
  • microwave discharges
  • plasma coating and treatment of surfaces
  • plasma treatment of gases
  • discharges in and on liquids
  • plasmas in biomedical applications
  • plasmas in nanotechnology
  • characterization of plasma devices
  • displays and lamps
  • advanced and novel plasma technologies and sources
  • other issues related to the applications of plasma techniques

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 157 KiB  
Editorial
The Applications of Plasma Techniques II
by Mariusz Jasiński
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3683; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073683 - 6 Apr 2022
Viewed by 1423
Abstract
This Special Issue “The Applications of Plasma Techniques II” in the section “Optics and Lasers” of the journal Applied Sciences is intended to provide a description of devices and processes related to plasma applications in the broad sense [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Plasma Techniques II)

Research

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12 pages, 3779 KiB  
Article
Transferred Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Melanoma Skin Cancer Cells with/without Catalase Enzyme In Vitro
by Yun-Hsuan Chen, Jang-Hsing Hsieh, I-Te Wang, Pei-Ru Jheng, Yi-Yen Yeh, Jyh-Wei Lee, Nima Bolouki and Er-Yuan Chuang
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6181; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136181 - 2 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2721
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising tool to overcome certain cancerous and precancerous conditions in dermatology. A scheme of transferred CAP was first developed to treat melanoma (B16F10) skin cancer cells as well as non-malignant (L929) cells in vitro. CAP was transferred [...] Read more.
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising tool to overcome certain cancerous and precancerous conditions in dermatology. A scheme of transferred CAP was first developed to treat melanoma (B16F10) skin cancer cells as well as non-malignant (L929) cells in vitro. CAP was transferred using a silicone tube with a jet system that was developed and was assessed as to whether it could generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) at near-room temperature. The transferred CAP was characterized electrically and spectroscopically. Biological data showed that the transferred CAP killed cancer cells but not non-malignant (L929) cells. Plasma treatment was effective with a time duration of 30 s, whereas non-malignant (L929) cells were less damaged during plasma treatment. In addition, catalase (CAT) enzyme was applied to neutralize and detoxify the RONS generated by the transferred CAP. These findings suggest that transferred CAP can be considered a melanoma cancer therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Plasma Techniques II)
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11 pages, 3085 KiB  
Article
Vortex Breakdown Control by the Plasma Swirl Injector
by Gang Li, Xi Jiang, Wei Du, Jinhu Yang, Cunxi Liu, Yong Mu and Gang Xu
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5537; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125537 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2251
Abstract
Vortex breakdown, observed in swirling flows, is an interesting physical phenomenon relevant to a wide range of engineering applications, including aerodynamics and combustion. The concept of using a plasma swirler to control vortex breakdown was proposed and tested in this study. The effect [...] Read more.
Vortex breakdown, observed in swirling flows, is an interesting physical phenomenon relevant to a wide range of engineering applications, including aerodynamics and combustion. The concept of using a plasma swirler to control vortex breakdown was proposed and tested in this study. The effect of plasma actuation on controlling the onset and development of the vortex breakdown was captured by particle image velocimetry. Flowfield measurement results suggested that, by varying the strength of the plasma actuation, the location and size of the vortex breakdown region was controlled effectively. The plasma swirl injector offers a method for optimal control and efficient utilization of vortex breakdown. The method being proposed here may represent an attractive way of controlling vortex breakdown using a small amount of energy input, without a moving or intrusive part. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Plasma Techniques II)
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20 pages, 10209 KiB  
Article
Influence of Ag Electrodes Asymmetry Arrangement on Their Erosion Wear and Nanoparticle Synthesis in Spark Discharge
by Kirill Khabarov, Maxim Urazov, Anna Lizunova, Ekaterina Kameneva, Alexey Efimov and Victor Ivanov
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4147; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094147 - 1 May 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2098
Abstract
For nanoparticle synthesis in a spark discharge, the influence of the degree of electrode asymmetry in the rod-to-rod configuration, using the example of silver electrodes, on the energy efficiency and nanoparticle composition is studied. The asymmetry degree was determined by the angle between [...] Read more.
For nanoparticle synthesis in a spark discharge, the influence of the degree of electrode asymmetry in the rod-to-rod configuration, using the example of silver electrodes, on the energy efficiency and nanoparticle composition is studied. The asymmetry degree was determined by the angle between electrodes’ end faces. Two types of discharge current pulses were used: oscillation-damped and unipolar, in which electrodes changed their polarities and had a constant polarity during a single discharge, respectively. A significant influence of the asymmetry degree of the electrode arrangement on the synthesized nanoparticle size, agglomeration and concentration, and on the synthesis energy efficiency, has been established. An increase in the degree of the electrode asymmetry with the oscillation-damped discharge current pulse led to an increased mass production rate and energy efficiency of nanoparticle synthesis, a significant fraction of which had large dimensions of more than 40 nm. The effect of the transfer of synthesized nanoparticles to the opposite electrode at the unipolar discharge current pulse led to the appearance of electroerosive instability, manifested in the formation of a protrusion on the anode surface, around which spark discharges, leading to its further growth and electrode gap closure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Plasma Techniques II)
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12 pages, 3389 KiB  
Article
Impact of the Samples’ Surface State on the Glow Discharge Stability in the Metals’ Treatment and Welding Processes
by Maksym Bolotov, Gennady Bolotov, Serhii Stepenko and Pavlo Ihnatenko
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1765; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041765 - 17 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
The low temperature plasma of glow discharge has found a widespread use as a heating source in welding and surface treatment of metals. The meticulous analysis of glow discharge’s instabilities in these processes allowed us to highlight the physicochemical characteristics of the cathode [...] Read more.
The low temperature plasma of glow discharge has found a widespread use as a heating source in welding and surface treatment of metals. The meticulous analysis of glow discharge’s instabilities in these processes allowed us to highlight the physicochemical characteristics of the cathode surface (the welded or treated samples) as one of the main reasons of its transition into an electric arc—as a more stable form of gas discharges. The prolonged arc action on the samples surfaces inevitably leads to the disruption of the technological process and, consequently, to undesirable overheating of samples. In this regard, the main aim of this work is to study the influence of the macro- and micro relief of the cathode on the stable glow discharge existence in the processes of metals treatment and diffusion welding. It has been analytically established and experimentally supported that the glow discharge’s stability is mainly affected by the sharp protrusions generated on the cathode surface because of samples pre-treatment by machining before welding. It has been established that the rough surface pre-treatment with the Rz about 60–80 µm decreases the pressure range of glow discharge sustainable existence from 1.33–13.3 kPa to 1.33–5.3 kPa compared with the surface machining with the Rz about 10 µm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Plasma Techniques II)
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11 pages, 1153 KiB  
Article
Surface Discharge Mechanism on Epoxy Resin in Electronegative Gases and Its Application
by Herie Park, Dong-Young Lim and Sungwoo Bae
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(19), 6673; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196673 - 24 Sep 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2837
Abstract
This study presents the surface discharge characteristics of insulating gases, including sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), dry air, and N2, under a non-uniform field. Surface discharge experiments were conducted, with the gas pressure ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa, on samples [...] Read more.
This study presents the surface discharge characteristics of insulating gases, including sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), dry air, and N2, under a non-uniform field. Surface discharge experiments were conducted, with the gas pressure ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 MPa, on samples of epoxy dielectrics under an AC voltage. The experimental results showed that the surface insulation performance significantly improved in insulating gases possessing electronegative gases, such as SF6 and dry air. Surface flashover voltages of SF6 were saturated with an increasing pressure, compared to dry air and N2. The surface discharge mechanism is proposed to explain the improvement and saturation of dielectric characteristics of the electronegative gas in complex dielectric insulations, as well as its influence on the surface flashover voltage. As an application, an insulation design method is discussed with regards to replacing SF6 gas in high-voltage power equipment based on the knowledge of the physics behind gas discharge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Plasma Techniques II)
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Other

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8 pages, 2030 KiB  
Technical Note
Dual-Frequency Microwave Plasma Source Based on Microwave Coaxial Transmission Line
by Chi Chen, Wenjie Fu, Chaoyang Zhang, Dun Lu, Meng Han and Yang Yan
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(21), 9873; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219873 - 22 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2526
Abstract
A dual-frequency plasma source has many advantages in applications. In this paper, a dual-frequency microwave plasma source is presented. This microwave plasma source is based on a coaxial transmission line without the resonator, and it can be operated in a wide band frequency [...] Read more.
A dual-frequency plasma source has many advantages in applications. In this paper, a dual-frequency microwave plasma source is presented. This microwave plasma source is based on a coaxial transmission line without the resonator, and it can be operated in a wide band frequency region. Two microwaves are inputted from two ports into the plasma reactor: one is used firstly to excite the plasma and the other one is used to adjust plasma characteristics. Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics simulation, the experiment is carried out. In the experimental investigation, the plasma electron density and electron temperature can be controlled, respectively, by feeding in different frequencies from the second port, causing the particles at different energy levels to present different frequencies. This exploratory research improves the operation frequency of dual-frequency microwave plasma sources from RF to microwave. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applications of Plasma Techniques II)
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