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3 pages, 185 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue on Development and Application of Particle Detectors

by Andrea Giachero and Luca Gironi

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(18), 9380; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12189380 - 19 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1258

Abstract

Particle detection has been increasingly applied over a wide range of disciplines, including high-energy physics, astroparticles, space science and astronomy, biological sciences, medical imaging, remote sensing, environmental monitoring, cultural heritage, and homeland security [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

Research

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14 pages, 4952 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Online Track Vertex Reconstruction Method Based on an Artificial Neural Network for MPGD

by Hao Liu and Yi Zhang

Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(19), 6760; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10196760 - 27 Sep 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2511

Abstract

In this paper, an online vertex reconstruction algorithm based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was proposed for the micro-pattern gaseous detector (MPGD). A simulation based on Geant4 was performed to generate the training and testing samples for the two cascade neural networks. [...] Read more.

In this paper, an online vertex reconstruction algorithm based on an artificial neural network (ANN) was proposed for the micro-pattern gaseous detector (MPGD). A simulation based on Geant4 was performed to generate the training and testing samples for the two cascade neural networks. Compared with a center-of-mass reconstruction, the proposed method shows better precision and much higher efficiency. Furthermore, a scheme for implementing the proposed algorithm on a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) chip is also presented to demonstrate that the algorithm could be integrated in a modern data acquisition (DAQ) system for online imaging techniques. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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Review

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35 pages, 12068 KiB

Open AccessReview

Current Status and Future Developments of Micromegas Detectors for Physics and Applications

by David Attié, Stephan Aune, Eric Berthoumieux, Francesco Bossù, Paul Colas, Alain Delbart, Emmeric Dupont, Esther Ferrer Ribas, Ioannis Giomataris, Aude Glaenzer, Hector Gómez, Frank Gunsing, Fanny Jambon, Fabien Jeanneau, Marion Lehuraux, Damien Neyret, Thomas Papaevangelou, Emanuel Pollacco, Sébastien Procureur, Maxence Revolle, Philippe Schune, Laura Segui, Lukas Sohl, Maxence Vandenbroucke and Zhibo Wu Show full author list Hide full author list

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(12), 5362; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11125362 - 9 Jun 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5826

Abstract

Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GAseous Structure) detectors have found common use in different applications since their development in 1996 by the group of I. Giomataris and G. Charpak. In this review article, we present implementations of Micromegas sub-detectors in different physics experiments and highlight the [...] Read more.

Micromegas (MICRO-MEsh GAseous Structure) detectors have found common use in different applications since their development in 1996 by the group of I. Giomataris and G. Charpak. In this review article, we present implementations of Micromegas sub-detectors in different physics experiments and highlight the current state of development for innovative detection concepts with Micromegas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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16 pages, 3019 KiB

Open AccessReview

Low Temperature Microcalorimeters for Decay Energy Spectroscopy

by Katrina E. Koehler

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 4044; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11094044 - 29 Apr 2021

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2542

Abstract

Low Temperature Detectors have been used to measure embedded radioisotopes in a measurement mode known as Decay Energy Spectroscopy (DES) since 1992. DES microcalorimeter measurements have been used for applications ranging from neutrino mass measurements to metrology to measurements for safeguards and medical [...] Read more.

Low Temperature Detectors have been used to measure embedded radioisotopes in a measurement mode known as Decay Energy Spectroscopy (DES) since 1992. DES microcalorimeter measurements have been used for applications ranging from neutrino mass measurements to metrology to measurements for safeguards and medical nuclides. While the low temperature detectors have extremely high intrinsic energy resolution (several times better than semiconductor detectors), the energy resolution achieved in practice is strongly dependent on factors such as sample preparation method. This review seeks to present the literature consensus on what has been learned by looking at the energy resolution as a function of various choices of detector, absorber, and sample preparation methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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43 pages, 21324 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of X-ray Microcalorimeters Based on Superconducting Transition Edge Sensors for Astrophysics and Particle Physics

by Luciano Gottardi and Kenichiro Nagayashi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3793; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093793 - 22 Apr 2021

Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6304

Abstract

The state-of-the-art technology of X-ray microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs), for applications in astrophysics and particle physics, is reviewed. We will show the advance in understanding the detector physics and describe the recent breakthroughs in the TES design that are opening [...] Read more.

The state-of-the-art technology of X-ray microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs), for applications in astrophysics and particle physics, is reviewed. We will show the advance in understanding the detector physics and describe the recent breakthroughs in the TES design that are opening the way towards the fabrication and the read-out of very large arrays of pixels with unprecedented energy resolution. The most challenging low temperature instruments for space- and ground-base experiments will be described. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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51 pages, 6269 KiB

Open AccessReview

Detectors and Cultural Heritage: The INFN-CHNet Experience

by Lorenzo Giuntini, Lisa Castelli, Mirko Massi, Mariaelena Fedi, Caroline Czelusniak, Nicla Gelli, Lucia Liccioli, Francesca Giambi, Chiara Ruberto, Anna Mazzinghi, Serena Barone, Francesca Marchegiani, Stefano Nisi, Carmine Lubritto, Simona Altieri, Luca Tortora, Paolo Branchini, Andrea Fabbri, Valerio Graziani, Sergio Barcellos Lins, Laura Guidorzi, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Alessandro Re, Leandro Sottili, Antonella Balerna, Mariangela Cestelli Guidi, Lucilla Pronti, Martina Romani, Fauzia Albertin, Matteo Bettuzzi, Rosa Brancaccio, Maria Pia Morigi, Daniele Alloni, Andrea Salvini, Barbara Smilgys, Michele Prata, Saverio Altieri, Maurizio Bonesini, Daniela Di Martino, Massimiliano Clemenza, Massimo Carpinelli, Piernicola Oliva, Valeria Sipala, Anna Maria Gueli, Stefania Pasquale, Giuseppe Stella, Giancarlo Pepponi, Francesco Grazzi and Francesco Taccetti Show full author list Hide full author list

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(8), 3462; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11083462 - 12 Apr 2021

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 6410

Abstract

Detectors are a key feature of the contemporary scientific approach to cultural heritage (CH), both for diagnostics and conservation. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics that develops and applies new instrumentation for the study of CH. This [...] Read more.

Detectors are a key feature of the contemporary scientific approach to cultural heritage (CH), both for diagnostics and conservation. INFN-CHNet is the network of the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics that develops and applies new instrumentation for the study of CH. This process results in both optimized traditional state-of-the-art and highly innovative detection setups for spectrometric techniques. Examples of the former are X-rays, gamma-rays, visible-light and particles spectrometers tailored for CH applications, with optimized performances, reliability, weight, transportability, cost, absorbed power, and complementarity with other techniques. Regarding the latter, examples are ARDESIA, the array of detectors at the DAΦNE-Light facility, the MAXRS detection setup at the Riken-RAL muon beamline and the imaging facilities at the LENA Laboratory. Paths for next-generation instruments have been suggested, as in the case of the X-ray Superconductive Detectors and X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometers, allowing astonishing improvement in energy resolution. Many issues in CH can now be addressed thanks to scientific techniques exploiting the existing detectors, while many others are still to be addressed and require the development of new approaches and detectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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25 pages, 2434 KiB

Open AccessReview

Applications for Microwave Kinetic Induction Detectors in Advanced Instrumentation

by Gerhard Ulbricht, Mario De Lucia and Eoin Baldwin

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(6), 2671; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062671 - 17 Mar 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4740

Abstract

In recent years Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have emerged as one of the most promising novel low temperature detector technologies. Their unrivaled scalability makes them very attractive for many modern applications and scientific instruments. In this paper we intend to give an [...] Read more.

In recent years Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKIDs) have emerged as one of the most promising novel low temperature detector technologies. Their unrivaled scalability makes them very attractive for many modern applications and scientific instruments. In this paper we intend to give an overview of how and where MKIDs are currently being used or are suggested to be used in the future. MKID based projects are ongoing or proposed for observational astronomy, particle physics, material science and THz imaging, and the goal of this review is to provide an easily usable and thorough list of possible starting points for more in-depth literature research on the many areas profiting from kinetic inductance detectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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21 pages, 27968 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Review of Requirements for Gamma Radiation Detection in Space Using CubeSats

by Francesco Arneodo, Adriano Di Giovanni and Prashanth Marpu

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(6), 2659; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062659 - 16 Mar 2021

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4727

Abstract

Initially intended as student-led projects at universities and research institutions, the CubeSats now represent a unique opportunity to access space quickly and in a cost-effective fashion. CubeSats are standard and miniaturized satellites consisting of multiple identical units with dimensions of about [...] Read more.

Initially intended as student-led projects at universities and research institutions, the CubeSats now represent a unique opportunity to access space quickly and in a cost-effective fashion. CubeSats are standard and miniaturized satellites consisting of multiple identical units with dimensions of about

10 \times 10 \times 10 {cm}^{3}

and very limited power consumption (usually less than a few W). To date, several hundreds of CubeSats have been already launched targeting scientific, educational, technological, and commercial needs. Compact and highly efficient particle detectors suitable for payloads of miniaturized space missions can be a game changer for astronomy and astroparticle physics. For example, the origin of catastrophic astronomical events can be pinpointed with unprecedented resolution by measuring the gamma-ray coincidence signals in CubeSats flying in formations, and possibly used as early warning system for multi messenger searches. In this paper, we will discuss and analyze the main features of a CubeSat mission targeting intense and short bursts of gamma-rays. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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56 pages, 25591 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Liquid Argon Detector Technologies in the Neutrino Sector

by Krishanu Majumdar and Konstantinos Mavrokoridis

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(6), 2455; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11062455 - 10 Mar 2021

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4759

Abstract

Liquid Argon (LAr) is one of the most widely used scintillators in particle detection, due to its low cost, high availability and excellent scintillation properties. A large number of experiments in the neutrino sector are based around using LAr in one or more [...] Read more.

Liquid Argon (LAr) is one of the most widely used scintillators in particle detection, due to its low cost, high availability and excellent scintillation properties. A large number of experiments in the neutrino sector are based around using LAr in one or more Time Projection Chambers (TPCs), leading to high resolution three-dimensional particle reconstruction. In this paper, we review and summarise a number of these Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC) experiments, and briefly describe the specific technologies that they currently employ. This includes single phase LAr experiments (ICARUS T600, MicroBooNE, SBND, LArIAT, DUNE-SP, ProtoDUNE-SP, ArgonCube and Vertical Drift) and dual phase LAr experiments (DUNE-DP, WA105, ProtoDUNE-DP and ARIADNE). We also discuss some new avenues of research in the field of LArTPC readout, which show potential for wide-scale use in the near future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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41 pages, 3623 KiB

Open AccessReview

Design and Diagnostics of High-Precision Accelerator Neutrino Beams

by Nikolaos Charitonidis, Andrea Longhin, Michelangelo Pari, Elisabetta Giulia Parozzi and Francesco Terranova

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1644; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041644 - 11 Feb 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3337

Abstract

Neutrino oscillation physics has entered a new precision era, which poses major challenges to the level of control and diagnostics of the neutrino beams. In this paper, we review the design of high-precision beams, their current limitations, and the latest techniques envisaged to [...] Read more.

Neutrino oscillation physics has entered a new precision era, which poses major challenges to the level of control and diagnostics of the neutrino beams. In this paper, we review the design of high-precision beams, their current limitations, and the latest techniques envisaged to overcome such limits. We put emphasis on “monitored neutrino beams” and advanced diagnostics to determine the flux and flavor of the neutrinos produced at the source at the per-cent level. We also discuss ab-initio measurements of the neutrino energy–i.e., measurements performed without relying on the event reconstruction at the

ν

detector–to remove any flux induced bias in the determination of the cross sections. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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15 pages, 483 KiB

Open AccessReview

Development of Cryogenic Detectors for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay Searches with CUORE and CUPID

by Mattia Beretta and Lorenzo Pagnanini

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(4), 1606; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041606 - 10 Feb 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2574

Abstract

Searching for neutrinoless double beta decay is a top priority in particle and astroparticle physics, being the most sensitive test of lepton number violation and the only suitable process to probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos. In order to increase the experimental sensitivity [...] Read more.

Searching for neutrinoless double beta decay is a top priority in particle and astroparticle physics, being the most sensitive test of lepton number violation and the only suitable process to probe the Majorana nature of neutrinos. In order to increase the experimental sensitivity for this particular search, ton-scale detectors operated at nearly zero-background conditions with a low keV energy resolution at the expected signal peak are required. In this scenario, cryogenic detectors have been proven effective in addressing many of these issues simultaneously. After long technical developments, the Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) experiment established the possibility to operate large-scale detectors based on this technology. Parallel studies pointed out that scintillating cryogenic detectors represent a suitable upgrade for the CUORE design, directed towards higher sensitivities. In this work, we review the recent development of cryogenic detectors, starting from the state-of-the-art and outlying the path toward next-generation experiments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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23 pages, 9600 KiB

Open AccessReview

Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers for Time of Flight Applications

by Yi Wang and Yancheng Yu

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(1), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11010111 - 24 Dec 2020

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4327

Abstract

With the advantages of high-performance, easy to build and relatively low cost, the multigap resistive plate chamber has been arousing broad interests over the last few decades. It has become a new standard technology for the time of flight system in high energy [...] Read more.

With the advantages of high-performance, easy to build and relatively low cost, the multigap resistive plate chamber has been arousing broad interests over the last few decades. It has become a new standard technology for the time of flight system in high energy physics experiments. In this article, we will give a description of the structure and the operating principles of the MRPC detector and focus on reviewing the applications on the time of flight system in several famous experiments. The performances, including time resolution and particle identification, are discussed in detail. Some recent advances and points of view for the future development of the next generation MRPC are also outlined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Particle Detectors)

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