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Understanding and Simulating Air–Sea Interactions under Extreme Weather and Climate...
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Understanding and Simulating Air–Sea Interactions under Extreme Weather and Climate Conditions (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Meteorology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2024) | Viewed by 13836

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Xiangbo Feng

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Centre for Atmospheric Science and Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading P.O. Box 217, UK
Interests: extreme events; ocean–atmosphere interaction; tropical cyclones; ocean waves; sea level; model evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is a follow-up of the first Special Issue entitled “Understanding and Simulating Air–Sea Interactions under Extreme Weather and Climate Conditions” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/atmosphere/special_issues/extreme_weather_climate) published in Atmosphere in 2022 and will cover all aspects of extreme weather and climate conditions.

This Special Issue provides a venue for publishing the latest observational analyses and model evaluations (including model development) of the air–sea interaction underpinning extreme weather and climate conditions, on hourly to climatic timescales. The main focus is on extreme weather and climate events, which include but are not limited to synoptic phenomena such as cyclones, intraseasonal phenomena such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), seasonal phenomena such as monsoons, and climate phenomena such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Research articles on the effects of these extreme events on the oceans, such as sea surface temperature, storm surge, and ocean waves, including oceanic feedbacks to the atmosphere, are also welcome.

This Special Issue collection will highlight recent achievements and address remaining and future challenges in understanding and predicting extreme weather and climate events, including their impacts, associated with air–sea interaction.

Dr. Xiangbo Feng
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air–sea interaction
  • atmospheric extremes
  • oceanic extremes
  • observation analysis
  • model evaluation
  • synoptic variability
  • intraseasonal variability
  • climate variability

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7616 KiB  
Article
Objective Algorithm for Detection and Tracking of Extratropical Cyclones in the Southern Hemisphere
by Carina K. Padilha Reinke, Jeferson P. Machado, Mauricio M. Mata, José Luiz L. de Azevedo, Jaci Maria Bilhalva Saraiva and Regina Rodrigues
Atmosphere 2024, 15(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15020230 - 14 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1549
Abstract
In this study, we propose an easy and robust algorithm to identify and track extratropical cyclone events using 850 hPa relative vorticity data, gaussian filter and connected-component labeling technique, which recognize the cyclone as areas under a threshold. Before selecting the events, the [...] Read more.
In this study, we propose an easy and robust algorithm to identify and track extratropical cyclone events using 850 hPa relative vorticity data, gaussian filter and connected-component labeling technique, which recognize the cyclone as areas under a threshold. Before selecting the events, the algorithm can include essential characteristics that are good metrics of intensity, like minimum mean sea level pressure and maximum 10-m winds. We implemented the algorithm in the Southern Hemisphere, using a 41-year high resolution dataset. Sensitivity tests were performed to determine the best parameters for detection and tracking, such as degree of smoothing, thresholds of relative vorticity at 850 hPa and the minimum area within the threshold. Two case studies were used to assess the positive and negative points of the methodology. The results showed that it is efficient in obtaining the position of extratropical cyclones in their most intense stage, but it does not always perform well during cyclolysis. We compare the methodology using 1-h temporal resolution to that using a 6-hours temporal resolution, and their reproducibility regarding the literature. The extratropical cyclone climatology in the Southern Hemisphere is provided and discussed. The algorithm developed here can be applied to datasets with good spacial and temporal resolution, providing a better inventory of extratropical cyclones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding and Simulating Air–Sea Interactions under Extreme Weather and Climate Conditions (2nd Edition))
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19 pages, 8200 KiB  
Article
The Effect of the Cordillera Mountain Range on Tropical Cyclone Rainfall in the Northern Philippines
by Bernard Alan B. Racoma, Christopher E. Holloway, Reinhard K. H. Schiemann, Xiangbo Feng and Gerry Bagtasa
Atmosphere 2023, 14(4), 643; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040643 - 29 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 9134
Abstract
In this study, we examined the sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics and precipitation to the Cordillera Mountain Range (CMR) in Luzon, Philippines. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we simulated eight TCs with four different CMR orographic elevations: Control, Flat, [...] Read more.
In this study, we examined the sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) characteristics and precipitation to the Cordillera Mountain Range (CMR) in Luzon, Philippines. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, we simulated eight TCs with four different CMR orographic elevations: Control, Flat, Reduced, and Enhanced. We found that at significance level α=0.05, TC intensity significantly weakened as early as 21 h prior to landfall in the Enhanced experiment relative to the Control, whereas there was little change in the Flat and Reduced experiments. However, throughout the period when the TC crossed Luzon, we found no significant differences for TC movement speed and position in the different orographic elevations. When a TC made landfall, associated precipitation over the CMR increased as the mountain height increased. We further investigated the underpinning processes relevant to the effect of the CMR on precipitation by examining the effects of mountain slope, incoming perpendicular wind speed, and the moist Froude Number (Fw). Compared with other factors, TC precipitation was most strongly correlated with the strength of approaching winds multiplied by the mountain slope, i.e., stronger winds blowing up steeper mountain slopes caused higher amounts of precipitation. We also found that individually, Fw, mountain height, and upslope wind speeds were poor indicators of orographically induced precipitation. The effects of mountain range on TC rainfall varied with TC cases, highlighting the complexity of the mountain, wind, and rainfall relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding and Simulating Air–Sea Interactions under Extreme Weather and Climate Conditions (2nd Edition))
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17 pages, 5348 KiB  
Article
The Summertime Circulation Types over Eurasia and Their Connections with the North Atlantic Oscillation Modulated by North Atlantic SST
by Dan Yang and Lijuan Wang
Atmosphere 2022, 13(12), 2093; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122093 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2305
Abstract
ERA5 monthly averaged reanalysis data during 1979–2020 are used to analyze the anomalous characteristics of summertime circulation types over Eurasia and their connections with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) modulated by North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST). A circulation index (CI) is defined [...] Read more.
ERA5 monthly averaged reanalysis data during 1979–2020 are used to analyze the anomalous characteristics of summertime circulation types over Eurasia and their connections with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) modulated by North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST). A circulation index (CI) is defined to describe the anomalous characteristics of summertime circulation types over the Eurasian mid-high latitude and classify the anomalous circulation into a double-ridge type (DR-type) and double-trough type (DT-type). The results show that these anomalous circulation types are closely related to the variation of the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH), East Asian subtropical jet (EASJ), South Asia high (SAH) and summer precipitation anomalies in China. There is a significant negative correlation between summer NAO and circulation types over Eurasia. The positive CI is favorable for the southward movement of the EASJ and two positive height anomalies over the Ural Mountains and the Sea of Okhotsk, respectively. Accompanied by moisture convergence and a strong ascending motion over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley (MLYRV), the summer rainfall will be above normal. These patterns are reversed in positive NAO-index years. The connection between the NAO and circulation types over Eurasia is modulated by a tri-pole SST anomaly pattern over the North Atlantic, which may induce the NAO-like atmospheric circulation and strengthen the impacts of the NAO on Eurasian circulation types. A wave train from the North Atlantic to East Asia, which is aroused by the tri-pole SST anomaly pattern, is the potential mechanism for linking summer NAO and circulation types over Eurasia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding and Simulating Air–Sea Interactions under Extreme Weather and Climate Conditions (2nd Edition))
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