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Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors
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Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensors and Healthcare".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (29 February 2024) | Viewed by 12587

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Ajay Kumar Yagati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
Interests: biosensors; nanotechnology; bioelectrochemistry; nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, nanomaterials have been widely used due to their tunable size, shape, and composition; further, biomaterials such as DNA, RNA, and proteins have been extensively used in electrochemical biosensors due to their inherent characteristics. Meanwhile, bio-inorganic hybrids have recently been used to achieve synergistic properties, detect specific analytes, or demonstrate a new working phenomenon. They are either used as carriers for immobilizing biorecognition elements or as labels for signal generation, transduction, and amplification. Still, extensive research is currently taking place to improve the sensitivity, efficiency, and specificity of detections in complex biological matrices.

To this end, this Special Issue aims to gather original research articles and reviews showing research advances, design strategies, innovative applications, new challenges, and future perspectives of nano-biomaterials in electrochemical biosensing.

Dr. Ajay Kumar Yagati
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Au nanoparticle
  • DNA
  • protein
  • biosensor
  • electrochemical
  • analyte
  • quantum dots
  • RNA
  • cell

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

21 pages, 5441 KiB  
Article
Non-Faradaic Impedimetric Detection of Heavy Metal Ions via a Hybrid Nanoparticle-DNAzyme Biosensor
by Chrysi Panagopoulou, Evangelos Skotadis, Evangelos Aslanidis, Georgia Tzourmana, Annita Rapesi, Charalampos Tsioustas, Maria Kainourgiaki, Georgios Kleitsiotis, George Tsekenis and Dimitrios Tsoukalas
Biosensors 2024, 14(7), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios14070321 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1203
Abstract
Due to rapid industrialization, novel water-quality monitoring techniques for the detection of highly toxic and hazardous heavy metal ions are essential. Herein, a hybrid noble nanoparticle/DNAzyme electrochemical biosensor is proposed for the simultaneous and label-free detection of Pb2+ and Cr3+ in [...] Read more.
Due to rapid industrialization, novel water-quality monitoring techniques for the detection of highly toxic and hazardous heavy metal ions are essential. Herein, a hybrid noble nanoparticle/DNAzyme electrochemical biosensor is proposed for the simultaneous and label-free detection of Pb2+ and Cr3+ in aqueous solutions. The sensor is based on the combination of a two-dimensional naked-platinum nanoparticle film and DNAzymes, whose double-helix configuration disassembles into smaller fragments in the presence of target-specific heavy metal ions. The electrochemical behavior of the fabricated sensor was investigated with non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), resulting in the successful detection of Pb2+ and Cr3+ well below their maximum permitted levels in tap water. So far, there has been no report on the successful detection of heavy metal ions utilizing the non-faradaic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique based on advanced nanomaterials paired with DNAzymes. This is also one of the few reports on the successful detection of chromium (III) via a sensor incorporating DNAzymes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors)
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13 pages, 2930 KiB  
Article
A Polyamidoamine-Based Electrochemical Aptasensor for Sensitive Detection of Ochratoxin A
by Xiujin Chen, Dong Gao, Jiaqi Chen, Xueqing Wang, Chifang Peng, Hongli Gao, Yao Wang, Zhaozhou Li and Huawei Niu
Biosensors 2023, 13(11), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13110955 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1778
Abstract
Sensitive detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) is significant and essential because OTA may pose risks to human and animal health. Here, we developed an electrochemical aptasensor for OTA analysis using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as a signal amplifier. As a carrier, PAMAM has numerous [...] Read more.
Sensitive detection of ochratoxin A (OTA) is significant and essential because OTA may pose risks to human and animal health. Here, we developed an electrochemical aptasensor for OTA analysis using polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers as a signal amplifier. As a carrier, PAMAM has numerous primary amino groups that can be coupled with thiolated complementary strand DNA (cDNA), allowing it to recognize aptamers bound to the surface of horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-modified gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), thereby improving the sensitivity of the aptasensor. When monitoring the positive samples, OTA was captured by the aptamer fixed on the HRP-conjugated AuNP surface by specific recognition, after which the formed OTA-aptamer conjugates were detached from the electrode surface, ultimately decreasing the electrochemical signal monitored by differential pulse voltammetry. The novel aptasensor achieved a broad linear detection range from 5 to 105 ng L−1 with a low detection limit of 0.31 ng L−1. The proposed aptasensor was successfully applied for OTA analysis in red wine, with recovery rates ranging from 94.15 to 106%. Furthermore, the aptasensor also exhibited good specificity and storage stability. Therefore, the devised aptasensor represents a sensitive, practical and reliable tool for monitoring OTA in agricultural products, which can also be adapted to other mycotoxins. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors)
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15 pages, 10047 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Rare-Earth Elements on the Morphological Aspect of Borate and Electrocatalytic Sensing of Biological Compounds
by Roman Morozov, Dalibor Stanković, Viacheslav Avdin, Dmitri Zherebtsov, Mikhail Romashov, Anastasia Selezneva, Daniil Uchaev, Anatoly Senin and Alexander Chernukha
Biosensors 2023, 13(10), 901; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13100901 - 22 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1283
Abstract
Adjusting the morphological characteristics of a material can result in improved electrocatalytic capabilities of the material itself. An example of this is the introduction of rare-earth elements into the borate structure, which gives a new perspective on the possibilities of this type of [...] Read more.
Adjusting the morphological characteristics of a material can result in improved electrocatalytic capabilities of the material itself. An example of this is the introduction of rare-earth elements into the borate structure, which gives a new perspective on the possibilities of this type of material in the field of (bio)sensing. In this paper, we present the preparation of borates including La, Nd and Dy and their application for the modification of a glassy carbon electrode, which is used for the non-enzymatic detection of a biologically relevant molecule, vitamin B6 (pyridoxine). Compared with the others, dysprosium borate has the best electrocatalytic performance, showing the highest current and the lowest impedance, respectively, as determined using cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests. Quantitative testing of B6 was performed in DPV mode in a Britton–Robinson buffer solution with a pH of 6 and an oxidation potential of about +0.8 V. The calibration graph for the evaluation of B6 has a linear range from 1 to 100 μM, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9985 and a detection limit of 0.051 μM. The DyBO3-modified electrode can be used repeatedly, retaining more than 90% of the initial signal level after six cycles. The satisfactory selectivity offered a potential practical application of the chosen method for the monitoring of pyridoxine in artificially prepared biological fluids with acceptable recovery. In light of all the obtained results, this paper shows an important approach for the successful design of electrocatalysts with tuned architecture and opens new strategies for the development of materials for the needs of electrochemical (bio)sensing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors)
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20 pages, 10298 KiB  
Article
Green-Mediated Synthesis of NiCo2O4 Nanostructures Using Radish White Peel Extract for the Sensitive and Selective Enzyme-Free Detection of Uric Acid
by Abdul Ghaffar Solangi, Aneela Tahira, Baradi Waryani, Abdul Sattar Chang, Tajnees Pirzada, Ayman Nafady, Elmuez A. Dawi, Lama M. A. Saleem, Mohsen Padervand, Abd Al Karim Haj Ismail, Kangle Lv, Brigitte Vigolo and Zafar Hussain Ibupoto
Biosensors 2023, 13(8), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13080780 - 1 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2199
Abstract
The ability to measure uric acid (UA) non-enzymatically in human blood has been demonstrated through the use of a simple and efficient electrochemical method. A phytochemical extract from radish white peel extract improved the electrocatalytic performance of nickel–cobalt bimetallic oxide (NiCo2O [...] Read more.
The ability to measure uric acid (UA) non-enzymatically in human blood has been demonstrated through the use of a simple and efficient electrochemical method. A phytochemical extract from radish white peel extract improved the electrocatalytic performance of nickel–cobalt bimetallic oxide (NiCo2O4) during a hydrothermal process through abundant surface holes of oxides, an alteration of morphology, an excellent crystal quality, and increased Co(III) and Ni(II) chemical states. The surface structure, morphology, crystalline quality, and chemical composition were determined using a variety of analytical techniques, including powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical characterization by CV revealed a linear range of UA from 0.1 mM to 8 mM, with a detection limit of 0.005 mM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.008 mM. A study of the sensitivity of NiCo2O4 nanostructures modified on the surface to UA detection with amperometry has revealed a linear range from 0.1 mM to 4 mM for detection. High stability, repeatability, and selectivity were associated with the enhanced electrochemical performance of non-enzymatic UA sensing. A significant contribution to the full outperforming sensing characterization can be attributed to the tailoring of surface properties of NiCo2O4 nanostructures. EIS analysis revealed a low charge-transfer resistance of 114,970 Ohms that offered NiCo2O4 nanostructures prepared with 5 mL of radish white peel extract, confirming an enhanced performance of the presented non-enzymatic UA sensor. As well as testing the practicality of the UA sensor, blood samples from human beings were also tested for UA. Due to its high sensitivity, stability, selectivity, repeatability, and simplicity, the developed non-enzymatic UA sensor is ideal for monitoring UA for a wide range of concentrations in biological matrixes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors)
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13 pages, 5299 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Detection of Different Foodborne Bacteria for Point-of-Care Applications
by Tailin Wu, Ajay Kumar Yagati and Junhong Min
Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060641 - 12 Jun 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1704
Abstract
Bacterial infections resulting from foodborne pathogenic bacteria cause millions of infections that greatly threaten human health and are one of the leading causes of mortality around the world. To counter this, the early, rapid, and accurate detection of bacterial infections is very important [...] Read more.
Bacterial infections resulting from foodborne pathogenic bacteria cause millions of infections that greatly threaten human health and are one of the leading causes of mortality around the world. To counter this, the early, rapid, and accurate detection of bacterial infections is very important to address serious health issue concerns. We, therefore, present an electrochemical biosensor based on aptamers that selectively bind with the DNA of specific bacteria for the accurate and rapid detection of various foodborne bacteria for the selective determination of bacterial infection types. Different aptamers were synthesized and immobilized on Au electrodes for selective bindings of different types of bacterial DNA (Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, and Staphylococcus aureus) for the accurate detection and quantification of bacterial concentrations from 101 to 107 CFU/mL without using any labeling methods. Under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a good response to the various concentrations of bacteria, and a robust calibration curve was obtained. The sensor could detect the bacterial concentration at meager quantities and possessed an LOD of 4.2 × 101, 6.1 × 101, and 4.4 × 101 CFU/mL for S. Typhimurium, E. Coli, and S. aureus, respectively, with a linear range from 100 to 104 CFU/mL for the total bacteria probe and 100 to 103 CFU/mL for individual probes, respectively. The proposed biosensor is simple and rapid and has shown a good response to bacterial DNA detections and thus can be applied in clinical applications and food safety monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors)
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Review

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36 pages, 4969 KiB  
Review
Review on Carbon Dot-Based Fluorescent Detection of Biothiols
by Muthaiah Shellaiah and Kien Wen Sun
Biosensors 2023, 13(3), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030335 - 2 Mar 2023
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 3726
Abstract
Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play a vital role in gene expression, maintaining redox homeostasis, reducing damages caused by free radicals/toxins, etc. Likewise, abnormal levels of biothiols can lead to severe diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurotoxicity, [...] Read more.
Biothiols, such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH), play a vital role in gene expression, maintaining redox homeostasis, reducing damages caused by free radicals/toxins, etc. Likewise, abnormal levels of biothiols can lead to severe diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), neurotoxicity, hair depigmentation, liver/skin damage, etc. To quantify the biothiols in a biological system, numerous low-toxic probes, such as fluorescent quantum dots, emissive organic probes, composited nanomaterials, etc., have been reported with real-time applications. Among these fluorescent probes, carbon-dots (CDs) have become attractive for biothiols quantification because of advantages of easy synthesis, nano-size, crystalline properties, low-toxicity, and real-time applicability. A CDs-based biothiols assay can be achieved by fluorescent “Turn-On” and “Turn-Off” responses via direct binding, metal complex-mediated detection, composite enhanced interaction, reaction-based reports, and so forth. To date, the availability of a review focused on fluorescent CDs-based biothiols detection with information on recent trends, mechanistic aspects, linear ranges, LODs, and real applications is lacking, which allows us to deliver this comprehensive review. This review delivers valuable information on reported carbon-dots-based biothiols assays, the underlying mechanism, their applications, probe/CDs selection, sensory requirement, merits, limitations, and future scopes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Nano-Biomaterial-Based Biosensors)
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