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Catalysts
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Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
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Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Photocatalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 24297

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Kai Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China
Interests: photocatalytic degradation; CO2 reduction; photocatalytic hydrogen production; antibacterial; material design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Changlin Yu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
Interests: photocatalysis; CO2 capture; hydrogen energy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, photocatalysis technology has made some progress in the fields of degradation of pollutants, antibacterial sterilization and hydrogen production from photolysis water and reductions in carbon dioxide, but there is still a wide band gap and low-utilization rate of sunlight. Problems, such as low quantum efficiency and poor stability, limit its practical application. How to expand the absorption rate and absorption range of solar light, restrain the recombination of photogenerated electrons and hole pairs and improve the activity of the whole solar spectrum are the key scientific problems that need to be solved in the field of solar light absorption and absorption on a large scale.

This Special Issue will present the most recent and significant developments in photocatalysts for pollutants disposals, CO2 reduction and hydrogen evolution reaction, where such systems are widely used. Original papers on the above topics and short reviews are welcome for submission.

Dr. Kai Yang
Prof. Dr. Changlin Yu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Catalysts is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • photocatalysts
  • hydrogen production
  • CO2 reduction
  • pollutant disposal
  • design of the catalytic materials

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 187 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial: Special Issue on “Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction”
by Kai Yang and Changlin Yu
Catalysts 2023, 13(8), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13081207 - 13 Aug 2023
Viewed by 894
Abstract
The global energy and environmental crisis are some of the most pressing challenges facing mankind [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)

Research

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13 pages, 4514 KiB  
Article
Two-in-One Electrons Trapped Fe-BiOCl-Vo Nanosheets for Promoting Photocatalytic-Fenton Degradation Performances of Phenol
by Jinlin Long, Suizhao Zhang, Donghao Xia, Qi Wan, Yu Wan, Meiqiu Nong and Zhaohui Wu
Catalysts 2023, 13(6), 947; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13060947 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1658
Abstract
Fe-BiOCl-Vo nanosheets with electron-capture centers of doped Fe and surface oxygen vacancies (Vo) for enhanced photocatalytic-Fenton performances were conducted. Compared with pristine BiOCl nanosheets, the band gap of the resulting Fe-BiOCl-Vo nanosheets was narrowed, and defective bands were introduced [...] Read more.
Fe-BiOCl-Vo nanosheets with electron-capture centers of doped Fe and surface oxygen vacancies (Vo) for enhanced photocatalytic-Fenton performances were conducted. Compared with pristine BiOCl nanosheets, the band gap of the resulting Fe-BiOCl-Vo nanosheets was narrowed, and defective bands were introduced due to the Fe doping and Vo. Furthermore, the integrated electron trapping effect of Vo and doped Fe can efficiently drive charge transfer and separation. As a result, the photocatalytic-Fenton performances of phenol over Fe-BiOCl-Vo nanosheets were enhanced. The photocatalytic-Fenton performances of Fe-BiOCl-Vo nanosheets were enhanced two-fold and four-fold, respectively, as compared with the photocatalytic performances of Fe-BiOCl-Vo and pristine BiOCl nanosheets. During the photocatalytic-Fenton process, the multiple reactive species referring holes (h+), superoxide radicals (●O2−), and hydroxyl radicals (●OH) induced by the efficiently separated charge carriers and Fenton reaction played synergetic roles in phenol degradation and mineralization. This work provides a sophisticated structure design of catalysts for efficient charge transfer and separation, promoting photocatalytic-Fenton performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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14 pages, 4417 KiB  
Article
Microemulsion–Assisted Synthesis of Ag2CrO4@MIL–125(Ti)–NH2 Z–Scheme Heterojunction for Visible–Light Photocatalytic Inactivation of Bacteria
by Haoyu Yuan, Chao Zhang, Wenjing Chen, Yuzhou Xia, Lu Chen, Renkun Huang, Ruiru Si and Ruowen Liang
Catalysts 2023, 13(5), 817; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13050817 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1576
Abstract
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are new porous materials composed of metal centers and organic ligand bridges, which received great attention in the field of photocatalysis. In this work, Ag2CrO4@MIL–125(Ti)–NH2 (denoted as AgCr@M125) Z–scheme heterojunctions were synthesized via a simple [...] Read more.
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are new porous materials composed of metal centers and organic ligand bridges, which received great attention in the field of photocatalysis. In this work, Ag2CrO4@MIL–125(Ti)–NH2 (denoted as AgCr@M125) Z–scheme heterojunctions were synthesized via a simple microemulsion method, by which highly dispersed nano–sized Ag2CrO4 can be anchored uniformly on the surfaces of porous MIL–125(Ti)–NH2 (denoted as M125). Compared with pure M125 and Ag2CrO4, the as–prepared AgCr@M125 hybrids show significant photocatalytic efficiency against inactivated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), reaching over 97% inactivation of the bacteria after 15 min of visible light irradiation. Notably, the photocatalytic activity of the obtained 20%AgCr@M125 is about 1.75 times higher than that of AgCr–M125, which was prepared via a traditional precipitation method. The enhanced photocatalytic antibacterial activity of the AgCr@M125 photocatalytic system is strongly ascribed to a direct Z–scheme mechanism, which can be carefully discussed based on energy band positions and time–dependent electron spin response (ESR) experiments. Our work highlights a simple way to enhance the antibacterial effect by coupling with Ag2CrO4 and M125 via a microemulsion–assisted strategy and affords an ideal example for developing MOFs–based Z–scheme photocatalysts with excellent photoactivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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14 pages, 8410 KiB  
Article
Designed Synthesis of PDI/BiOCl-BiPO4 Composited Material for Boosted Photocatalytic Contaminant Degradation
by Huaqiang Zhuang, Fulin Wang, Kaiyang Shi and Kai Yang
Catalysts 2023, 13(4), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13040688 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1519
Abstract
Enhancing the photocatalytic performance for contaminant degradation to accelerate the large-scale application of photocatalysis still is an enduring challenge. Herein, ternary PDI/BiOCl-BiPO4 composited materials with the different contents of PDI were designed and constructed by the multi-step compound method. The tetracycline hydrochloride [...] Read more.
Enhancing the photocatalytic performance for contaminant degradation to accelerate the large-scale application of photocatalysis still is an enduring challenge. Herein, ternary PDI/BiOCl-BiPO4 composited materials with the different contents of PDI were designed and constructed by the multi-step compound method. The tetracycline hydrochloride and rhodamine B were chosen as targeted pollutants to investigate the photocatalytic performance of PDI/BiOCl-BiPO4 composited materials. The structure and component of BiOCl-BiPO4 and PDI/BiOCl-BiPO4 samples were detailedly characterized by a sequence of physical and chemical characterizations. The optimized PDI/BiOCl-BiPO4 sample, namely PDI(5%)/BiOCl-BiPO4, exhibited the excellent photocatalytic activity for tetracycline hydrochloride and rhodamine B degradation. The major active species that were holes (h+) and superoxide radicals (•O2−) also can be determined in the photocatalytic degradation process by active species trapping experiments. Furthermore, the photoelectrochemical and fluorescence measurements manifest the crucial role of PDI material. It can reduce the recombination of photo-excited charge carrier and improve the separation and transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, which is beneficial to the photocatalytic reaction process. It is anticipated that our work would provide a counterpart to prepare the high-efficiency composited material in heterogeneous photocatalysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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16 pages, 7595 KiB  
Article
Constructing Z-Scheme 0D/2D TiO2 Nanoparticles/Bi2O3 Nanosheet Heterojunctions with Enhanced Visible Light Induced Photocatalytic Antibiotics Degradation and Hydrogen Evolution
by Lijia Xie, Piaopiao Wu, Qiong Lei, Chong Xu, Weiya Huang, Xunjun Chen, Kai Yang and Hua He
Catalysts 2023, 13(3), 583; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13030583 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
Photocatalysis has been regarded as a promising technology for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater and producing hydrogen. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to improve the visible light absorption of TiO2, which were further combined with Bi2 [...] Read more.
Photocatalysis has been regarded as a promising technology for degrading organic pollutants in wastewater and producing hydrogen. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized to improve the visible light absorption of TiO2, which were further combined with Bi2O3 nanosheets to synthesize a series of 0D/2D TiO2 NPs/Bi2O3 nanosheet heterojunctions. The visible light induced photocatalytic activities of the as-synthesized TiO2/Bi2O3 heterojunctions were studied. The optimized catalyst TB-3 with 15 wt% of Bi2O3/TiO2 exhibited the best photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC). The degradation rate constant k of TC over TB-3 was approximately eight times and 39 times greater than that of P25 and Bi2O3, respectively. Additionally, TB-3 showed the highest amount of hydrogen evolution, while that of Bi2O3 was almost zero. The enhancement of photocatalytic performances was ascribed to the improved visible light absorption and the Z-scheme charge transfer path of the TiO2/Bi2O3 heterojunctions, which enhanced the separation efficiency and reduced recombination of photogenerated charge carries, as evidenced by UV–Visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), and electrochemistry measurements. The active species trapping experiments and the electron spin resonance (ESR) results revealed that ·O2− was the main active substance in the photocatalytic degradation. The possible degradation pathway and intermediate products of TC have been proposed. This work provides experimental evidence supporting the construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions to achieve excellent visible light induced photocatalytic activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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15 pages, 4995 KiB  
Article
MIL-53(Fe)@perylene Diimide All-Organic Heterojunctions for the Enhanced Photocatalytic Removal of Pollutants and Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol
by Kaiyang Shi, Fulin Wang, Xiangwei Li, Weiya Huang, Kang-Qiang Lu, Changlin Yu and Kai Yang
Catalysts 2023, 13(3), 471; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13030471 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1866
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are promising materials for the photocatalytic treatment of pollutants and organic synthesis. Herein, MIL-53(Fe)@perylene diimide (PDI) organic heterojunctions were constructed by ultrasonic assembly using PDI as the co-catalyst, and PDI organic supramolecular material was uniformly distributed on the surfaces of MIL-53(Fe). [...] Read more.
Organic semiconductors are promising materials for the photocatalytic treatment of pollutants and organic synthesis. Herein, MIL-53(Fe)@perylene diimide (PDI) organic heterojunctions were constructed by ultrasonic assembly using PDI as the co-catalyst, and PDI organic supramolecular material was uniformly distributed on the surfaces of MIL-53(Fe). The most effective M53@PDI-20 organic heterojunctions achieved 72.7% photodegradation of rhodamine B (10 mg/L) within 50 min and a 99.9% reduction in Cr(VI) (10 mg/L) for 150 min, and the corresponding apparent degradation rate constants were higher than a single component. Meanwhile, the conversion rate of benzyl alcohol over M53@PDI-20 achieved 91.5% for 5 h with a selectivity of above 90% under visible light exposure, which was more than double that of PDI. The well-matched band structures and the strong π–π bonding interactions between MIL-53(Fe) and PDI can increase the electron delocalization effect to facilitate the transfer and separation of photogenerated carriers. Lots of oxidative reactive species (h+, •O2− and •OH) also played a great contribution to the strong oxidation capacity over the heterojunctions system. This work suggests that MIL-53(Fe)@PDI organic heterojunctions may be a promising material for pollutant removal and organic synthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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17 pages, 4968 KiB  
Article
One Stone Two Birds: Utilization of Solar Light for Simultaneous Selective Phenylcarbinol Oxidation and H2 Production over 0D/2D-3D Pt/In2S3 Schottky Junction
by Huijun Zhang, Peipei Xiao, Sugang Meng, Baihua Long, Qing Liu, Xiuzhen Zheng, Sujuan Zhang, Zhaohui Ruan and Shifu Chen
Catalysts 2023, 13(3), 461; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13030461 - 22 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1941
Abstract
Precise regulation and control solar-light-driven charges photoexcited on photocatalysts for separation-transfer and target redox reactions is an attractive and challenging pathway toward sustainability. Herein, 0D/2D-3D Pt/In2S3 Schottky junction was fabricated for simultaneous selective phenylcarbinol conversion into value-added aldehydes and production [...] Read more.
Precise regulation and control solar-light-driven charges photoexcited on photocatalysts for separation-transfer and target redox reactions is an attractive and challenging pathway toward sustainability. Herein, 0D/2D-3D Pt/In2S3 Schottky junction was fabricated for simultaneous selective phenylcarbinol conversion into value-added aldehydes and production of clean energy H2 by directly utilizing photoexcited holes and electrons in one reaction system under mild reaction conditions. In contrast to pure water splitting and pure In2S3, the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics of H2 evolution on the Pt/In2S3 were significantly enhanced. The optimized 0.3% Pt/In2S3 exhibited the highest and most stable photocatalytic activity with 22.1 mmol g−1 h−1 of H2 production rate and almost 100% selectivity of benzaldehyde production. Notably, this dual-function photocatalysis also exhibited superiority in contrast to sacrificial-agent H2 evolution reactions such as lactic acid, Na2S, methanol and triethanolamine. The turnover frequency (TOF) could reach up to ~2394 h−1. The Pt clusters anchored at the electron location and strong metal-support interactions (SMSI) between Pt and In2S3 synergistically improved the spatial charge separation and directional transportation (~90.1% of the charge transport efficiency could be achieved over the Pt/In2S3 hybrid), and thus result in significant enhancement of photocatalytic H2 evolution with simultaneous benzaldehyde production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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15 pages, 6905 KiB  
Article
Effect of Light and Heavy Rare Earth Doping on the Physical Structure of Bi2O2CO3 and Their Performance in Photocatalytic Degradation of Dimethyl Phthalate
by Qingyun He, Xingqiang Liu, Feng Li, Fang Li, Leiming Tao and Changlin Yu
Catalysts 2022, 12(11), 1295; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12111295 - 22 Oct 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1742
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of environmental health hazards caused by phthalate esters, a series of pure Bi2O2CO3 and light (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu) and heavy (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and [...] Read more.
In order to solve the problem of environmental health hazards caused by phthalate esters, a series of pure Bi2O2CO3 and light (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Eu) and heavy (Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) rare earth-doped Bi2O2CO3 samples were prepared by hydrothermal method. The crystalline phase composition and physical structure of the samples calcined at 300 °C were studied, and we found that the rare earth ion doping promoted the transformation of Bi2O2CO3 to β-Bi2O3 crystalline phase, thus obtaining a mixed crystal phase photocatalyst constituted by rare earth-ion-doped Bi2O2CO3/β-Bi2O3. The Bi2O3/Bi2O2CO3 heterostructure had a lower band gap and more efficient charge transfer. The fabricated samples were applied to the photocatalytic degradation of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) under a 300 W tungsten lamp, and it was found that the rare earth ion doping enhanced the photocatalytic degradation activity of DMP, in which the heavy rare earth of Er-doped sample reached 78% degradation for DMP at 150 min of light illumination. In addition, the doping of rare earths resulted in a larger specific surface area and a stronger absorption of visible light. At the same time, the formation of Bi2O2CO3/β-Bi2O3 heterogeneous junction enhanced the separation efficiency of photogenerated electrons and holes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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Review

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21 pages, 6664 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress in Conjugated Polymers-Based Donor–Acceptor Semiconductor Materials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water Splitting
by Yanhui Zhao, Jingfu Sheng, Xiaobo Zhao, Jian Mo, Jilong Wang, Zhuang Chen, Hongjun Dong and Chunmei Li
Catalysts 2023, 13(5), 850; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13050850 - 8 May 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2955
Abstract
Exploration of high-efficiency stabilization and abundant source-conjugated polymers semiconductor materials with suitable molecular orbital energy levels has always been a hot topic in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) from water splitting. In the recent years, constructing the intramolecular donor–acceptor (D–A)-conjugated architecture [...] Read more.
Exploration of high-efficiency stabilization and abundant source-conjugated polymers semiconductor materials with suitable molecular orbital energy levels has always been a hot topic in the field of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) from water splitting. In the recent years, constructing the intramolecular donor–acceptor (D–A)-conjugated architecture copolymers has been proved as one of the most excellent photocatalyst modification tactics for optimizing the PHE properties because of unique advantages, including easy regulate band-gap position, fast transfer charge carrier in the intramolecular architecture, superior sunlight absorption capacity and range, large interfacial areas, and so forth. Therefore, in this minireview, we summarize the latest research progress of D–A architecture semiconductor materials for PHE from water splitting. First, we briefly overview the fundamental description and principles for the construction D–A heterostructures in the photocatalytic system. After that, the application of D–A architecture photocatalyst for PHE reaction over different classes of organic semiconductors have been discussed in detail. At last, the present development prospects and future potential challenges of D–A architecture materials are proposed. We hope this minireview has some parameter values for the further developments of intermolecular special structured organic semiconductor material in the future PHE research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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17 pages, 2861 KiB  
Review
Recent Developments and Perspectives of Cobalt Sulfide-Based Composite Materials in Photocatalysis
by Hui-Qi Chen, Jin-Ge Hao, Yu Wei, Wei-Ya Huang, Jia-Lin Zhang, Tao Deng, Kai Yang and Kang-Qiang Lu
Catalysts 2023, 13(3), 544; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13030544 - 8 Mar 2023
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3288
Abstract
Photocatalysis, as an inexpensive and safe technology to convert solar energy, is essential for the efficient utilization of sustainable renewable energy sources. Earth-abundant cobalt sulfide-based composites have generated great interest in the field of solar fuel conversion because of their cheap, diverse structures [...] Read more.
Photocatalysis, as an inexpensive and safe technology to convert solar energy, is essential for the efficient utilization of sustainable renewable energy sources. Earth-abundant cobalt sulfide-based composites have generated great interest in the field of solar fuel conversion because of their cheap, diverse structures and facile preparation. Over the past 10 years, the number of reports on cobalt sulfide-based photocatalysts has increased year by year, and more than 500 publications on the application of cobalt sulfide groups in photocatalysis can be found in the last three years. In this review, we initially summarize the four common strategies for preparing cobalt sulfide-based composite materials. Then, the multiple roles of cobalt sulfide-based cocatalysts in photocatalysis have been discussed. After that, we present the latest progress of cobalt sulfide in four fields of photocatalysis application, including photocatalytic hydrogen production, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen fixation, and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. Finally, the development prospects and challenges of cobalt sulfide-based photocatalysts are discussed. This review is expected to provide useful reference for the construction of high-performance cobalt sulfide-based composite photocatalytic materials for sustainable solar-chemical energy conversion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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23 pages, 4101 KiB  
Review
A Critical Review of the Use of Bismuth Halide Perovskites for CO2 Photoreduction: Stability Challenges and Strategies Implemented
by Edith Luévano-Hipólito, Oscar L. Quintero-Lizárraga and Leticia M. Torres-Martínez
Catalysts 2022, 12(11), 1410; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12111410 - 11 Nov 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3577
Abstract
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) stands as a viable strategy for the production of solar fuels to mitigate the high dependence on highly polluting fossil fuels, as well as to decrease the CO2 concentration in the [...] Read more.
Inspired by natural photosynthesis, the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) stands as a viable strategy for the production of solar fuels to mitigate the high dependence on highly polluting fossil fuels, as well as to decrease the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. The design of photocatalytic materials is crucial to ensure high efficiency of the CO2RR process. So far, perovskite materials have shown high efficiency and selectivity in CO2RR to generate different solar fuels. Particularly, bismuth halide perovskites have gained much attention due to their higher absorption coefficients, their more efficient charge transfer (compared to oxide perovskites), and their required thermodynamic potential for CO2RR. Moreover, these materials represent a promising alternative to the highly polluting lead halide perovskites. However, despite all the remarkable advantages of bismuth halide perovskites, their use has been limited, owing to instability concerns. As a consequence, recent reports have offered solutions to obtain structures highly stable against oxygen, water, and light, promoting the formation of solar fuels with promising efficiency for CO2RR. Thus, this review analyzes the current state of the art in this field, particularly studies about stability strategies from intrinsic and extrinsic standpoints. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and opportunities in designing stable bismuth halide perovskites, which open new opportunities for scaling up the CO2RR. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Photocatalysts for Pollutants Disposals, CO2 Reduction, Hydrogen Evolution Reaction)
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