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Osteoclastogenesis and Osteogenesis: Physiological and Molecular Responses to Xenobiotics and Biomaterials

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2025 | Viewed by 2392

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Giovanna Rizzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: regenerative medicine; cell physiology; molecular biology; bone tissue engineering; biomaterials
Dr. Marika Cordaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: oxidative stress; nutrition; cell physiology; animal model; inflammation; molecular pathways
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on the biology of bone and cartilage is rapidly evolving, due to the increasing incidence of pathologies, inflammatory processes, trauma, deterioration or fractures. Therefore, several studies examining physiological and molecular responses in models ranging from 3D cell cultures to in vivo models are needed.

We are pleased to invite you to submit your manuscript for consideration in the Special Issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology titled "Osteoclastogenesis and Osteogenesis: Physiological and Molecular Responses to Xenobiotics and Biomaterials".

This special issue aims to explore a wide range of studies focusing on biological responses to different substances such as xenobiotics, nutraceuticals and biomaterials that influence the growth, differentiation and regeneration of bone and cartilage tissue. Articles accepted into this special issue will address the complex dynamics of osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, as well as the influence of various external agents on cellular homeostasis and in the response to new therapeutic treatments.

In this Special Issue, short communication, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following: molecular biology, physiology, pharmacology, biomaterials science.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Maria Giovanna Rizzo
Dr. Marika Cordaro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bone and cartilage biology
  • physiology
  • molecular biology
  • xenobiotics
  • nutraceuticals
  • regenerative medicine
  • biomaterials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 2407 KiB  
Article
Low, but Not High, Pulsating Fluid Shear Stress Affects Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein Expression, Mainly via Integrin β Subunits in Pre-Osteoblasts
by Jianfeng Jin and Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(11), 12428-12441; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46110738 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 696
Abstract
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (Mepe), present in bone and dentin, plays important multifunctional roles in cell signaling, bone mineralization, and phosphate homeostasis. Mepe expression in bone cells changes in response to pulsating fluid shear stress (PFSS), which is transmitted into cells through integrin-based adhesion [...] Read more.
Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (Mepe), present in bone and dentin, plays important multifunctional roles in cell signaling, bone mineralization, and phosphate homeostasis. Mepe expression in bone cells changes in response to pulsating fluid shear stress (PFSS), which is transmitted into cells through integrin-based adhesion sites, i.e., α and β subunits. Whether and to what extent PFSS influences Mepe expression through the modulation of integrin α and/or β subunit expression in pre-osteoblasts is uncertain. Therefore, we aimed to test whether low and/or high PFSS affects Mepe expression via modulation of integrin α and/or β subunit expression. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were treated with ± 1 h PFSS (magnitude: 0.3 Pa (low PFSS) or 0.7 Pa (high PFSS); frequency: 1 Hz). Single integrin fluorescence intensity in pre-osteoblasts was increased, but single integrin area was decreased by low and high PFSS. Expression of two integrin α subunit-related genes (Itga1 and Itga5 2) was increased by low PFSS, and one (Itga5 2) by high PFSS. Expression of five integrin β subunit genes (Itgb1, Itgb3, Itgb5, Itgb5 13, and Itgb5 123) was increased by low PFSS, and three (Itgb5, Itgb5 13, and Itgb5 123) by high PFSS. Interestingly, Mepe expression in pre-osteoblasts was only modulated by low, but not high, PFSS. In conclusion, both low and high PFSS affected integrin α and β subunit expression in pre-osteoblasts, while integrin β subunit expression was more altered by low PFSS. Importantly, Mepe gene expression was only affected by low PFSS. These results might explain the different ways that Mepe-induced changes in pre-osteoblast mechanosensitivity may drive signaling pathways of bone cell function at low or high impact loading. These findings might have physiological and biomedical implications and require future research specifically addressing the precise role of integrin α or β subunits and Mepe during dynamic loading in bone health and disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoclastogenesis and Osteogenesis: Physiological and Molecular Responses to Xenobiotics and Biomaterials)
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9 pages, 5358 KiB  
Brief Report
Integrated MicroRNA-mRNA Analyses of the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells by a Helioxanthin Derivative
by Yasuyuki Fujii, Sakura Minami, Ayano Hatori, Yoko Kawase-Koga, Toru Ogasawara and Daichi Chikazu
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(10), 10960-10968; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46100651 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1169
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) demonstrate high proliferative and multilineage differentiation potential. As previously reported, the helioxanthin derivative 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[40,30:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (TH) has been demonstrated to induce the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. However, the mechanism of osteogenesis induced by TH in DPSCs remains unknown. The [...] Read more.
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) demonstrate high proliferative and multilineage differentiation potential. As previously reported, the helioxanthin derivative 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyrido[40,30:4,5]thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide (TH) has been demonstrated to induce the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. However, the mechanism of osteogenesis induced by TH in DPSCs remains unknown. The objective of this study was to identify functional extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs), and the principal genes involved in the TH-induced osteogenesis of DPSCs. DPSCs were derived from dental pulp extracted from the third molars of three healthy subjects, and were cultured with or without TH. miRNAs were extracted from DPSC-derived EVs. The gene expression patterns of mRNA and miRNA were compared using RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq. To investigate miRNA/mRNA interacting networks, functional analyses were performed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining demonstrated that treatment with TH resulted in enhanced ALP activity in DPSCs after 7 days. The expression levels of ALP and type 1 collagen alpha 1 were significantly higher in TH-induced DPSCs on day 7. RNA-Seq and miRNA-Seq analyses identified 869 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 18 miRNA-DEGs. Gene Ontology analysis of the mRNA-Seq results showed that TH induced several biological activities associated with signal transduction, cell adhesion, and cell differentiation. Integrated miRNA-mRNA analyses showed that these miRNAs contain the targeting information of 277 mRNAs of the DEGs. Among them, 17 target genes known to be involved in the differentiation of osteoblasts, and 24 target genes known to be involved in the differentiation of bone cells were identified. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that WNT5a expression in DPSCs was upregulated by 48 h of TH treatment. Upstream regulator analysis indicated that WNT3a, FOS, and RAC1 may be responsible for gene expression changes in DPSCs after TH treatment. EV miRNA regulatory networks might play crucial roles in TH-induced osteogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Our results presented herein offer valuable insights that will facilitate further research into the mechanism of osteogenesis of DPSCs, which is expected to lead to the clinical application of TH-induced DPSCs for bone regeneration. Furthermore, EVs derived from TH-induced DPSCs might be useful as therapeutic tools for bone defects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Osteoclastogenesis and Osteogenesis: Physiological and Molecular Responses to Xenobiotics and Biomaterials)
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