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Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment

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A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2022) | Viewed by 43279

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zohaib Khurshid

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1. Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
2. Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Interests: dental biomaterials; oral tissue engineering; bone cements; bone implants; oral antimicrobial peptides; biosensors; oral fluids proteomics; implant dentistry; dental education; bioactive glasses; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sohail Zafar

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Guest Editor

Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madina Al Munawara 41311, Saudi Arabia
Interests: dental biomaterials; natural polymers; molecular biology; electrospinning; oral tissue regeneration; nanotechnology; biomolecules; clinical dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue aims to cover the dental hard and soft tissues diseases diagnosis, detection of associated biomarkers, management, and treatment with the help of molecular biology. With the advancements in the molecular science, it is quite helpful to identify the molecular mechanism of dental diseases such as dental caries, gum diseases and oral cancer. How to detect them in the early phases with different biomarkers present in oral fluids (saliva, GCF, peri-implant fluid) and their management with the help of novel drugs. For this purpose, a plenty of research on proteomics, genomics, and molecular biology has been conducted in relation to gingival, periodontal, and oral diseases. Similarly, gene therapy has evolved rapidly for a range of diagnostic and therapeutic applications in oral health. Recently, we went through with COVID-19 pandemic, and the role of molecular sciences is unbelievably valuable for the isolation of SARS-Cov-2 virus from oral cavity. In addition, various potential oral manifestations of COVID-19 on oral health require investigations at the molecular level. Therefore, the objective of this special issue is to publish high quality articles including original research, reviews, short communications, and clinical trials reporting all the current and past advancement in the diagnosis, investigation, and treatment of oral diseases at the molecular level.

We look forward to receiving the valuable contribution form the researchers and academicians all around the world.

Dr. Zohaib Khurshid
Prof. Dr. Muhammad Sohail Zafar
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Issues in Molecular Biology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

biomolecules
biomarkers
omics
dentistry
oral cancer
caries
gum diseases
periodontium
saliva
dental materials
oral tissue repair/regeneration
diseases detection
biosensors
oral diagnostics
bacterial plaque
growth factors
gene therapy and genomics
bone grafts
regenerative medicine
COVID-19
SARS_CoV-2

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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10 pages, 1364 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tissue Levels of CD80, CD163 and CD206 and Their Ratios in Periodontal and Peri-Implant Health and Disease

by Mustafa Yilmaz, Esra Demir, Yigit Firatli, Erhan Firatli and Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44(10), 4704-4713; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44100321 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2653

Abstract

This study aimed to compare tissue levels of CD80 (pro-inflammatory macrophage-related surface marker), CD163, and CD206 (anti-inflammatory macrophage-related surface markers), and their ratios in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease. Altogether, 36 tissue samples were obtained from 36 participants with clinically healthy gingiva (n = 10), healthy peri-implant mucosa (n = 8), periodontitis lesions (n = 9), and peri-implantitis lesions (n = 9). CD80, CD163, and CD206 levels were assessed with immunoblotting. CD163 levels were found to be decreased (p = 0.004), and the CD80/CD163 ratio was found to be elevated (p = 0.002) in periodontitis lesions compared to healthy gingiva. Peri-implantitis lesions showed a tendency towards a higher CD80/CD163 ratio than in healthy peri-implant mucosa with a borderline difference (p = 0.054). No statistically significant difference was detected in CD80, CD163, and CD206 levels of periodontitis lesions when compared to peri-implantitis, and in healthy gingiva when compared to healthy peri-implant mucosa. A disruption in CD80/CD163 balance seems to be related to the pathogenesis of periodontitis and peri-implantitis, being less prominent in the latter. The reason behind this phenomenon may be either suppressed CD163 expression or reduced CD163+ anti-inflammatory macrophage abundance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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13 pages, 2803 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High Glucose Induces Late Differentiation and Death of Human Oral Keratinocytes

by Junhe Shi, Chen Han, Dandan Chen, Harsh M. Trivedi, Hiba I. Bangash and Lin Chen

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44(9), 4015-4027; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44090275 - 4 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2480

Abstract

Keratinocytes are essential cells for wound repair. Impaired oral wound healing is common in diabetic patients with periodontal disease. High glucose, or hyperglycemia, impairs the cellular function of different cell types. However, it is unknown whether high glucose has a detrimental effect on the functions of oral keratinocytes. In the current study, a human gingival keratinocyte cell line, telomerase immortalized gingival keratinocytes (TIGK), was treated with high glucose (24 and 48 mM) for up to 120 h. Proliferation, migration, cell viability, and production of markers of differentiation, growth factors and enzymatic antioxidants were assessed after high glucose treatment. The results showed that high glucose significantly inhibited TIGK proliferation and migration. High glucose also induced significant cell death through apoptosis and necrosis as determined by flow cytometry, especially at 120 h after high glucose treatment. Necrosis was the dominant form of cell death induced. Real-time PCR showed that high glucose treatment upregulated mRNA expression of late keratinocyte differentiation makers, such as keratin 1, 10, 13 and loricrin, and downregulated enzymatic antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase 1, catalase, nuclear factor erythroid 2 -related factor 2, heme oxygenase 1. In conclusion, high glucose impairs the proliferation and migration of oral keratinocytes and likely induces cell death through the promotion of late cell differentiation and down-regulation of enzymatic antioxidants. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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11 pages, 2657 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Proteomics Analysis of Antitumor Activity of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. in Human Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells

by Tae-Young Kim, Kwang-Soo Koh, Ji-Min Ju, Yeon-Ju Kwak, Soo-Kyung Bae, Hye-Ock Jang and Da-Sol Kim

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44(8), 3324-3334; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44080229 - 25 Jul 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1963

Abstract

Oral cancer is a malignant neoplasm of oral cavity. It accounts for approximately 5% of all malignant tumors. Approximately 97% of all oral cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, followed by adenocarcinomas, and rarely malignant melanomas. It occurs particularly in males (twice as common in males than in females) of middle age (above 40 years). Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. has traditionally been known for its effective antitumor activity and is currently used in China for cancer therapy. A. pilosa Ledeb. has been traditionally used for the treatment of abdominal pain, sore throat, headache, blood discharge, parasitic infections, and eczema in Korea and other Asian countries. Most studies on A. pilosa Ledeb. are related to the leaves and a few investigated the roots of the plant. However, detailed mechanisms of antitumor activity of A. pilosa Ledeb. have not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, to date, there have been no reports on the antitumor effect of A. pilosa Ledeb. in oral squamous cells. In this study, we used proteomic technology to observe changes in proteins related to anticancer activity of A. pilosa Ledeb. and identified target proteins among altered proteins to reveal the underlying mechanism of action. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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9 pages, 1743 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Odontogenic Differentiation-Induced Tooth Regeneration by Psoralea corylifolia L.

by Hye-Ock Jang, Tea-Young Ahn, Ji-Min Ju, Soo-Kyung Bae, Hyung-Ryong Kim and Da-Sol Kim

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44(5), 2300-2308; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44050156 - 19 May 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2887

Abstract

Psoralea corylifolia L. (P. corylifolia) has been used as an oriental phytomedicine to treat coldness of hands and feet in bone marrow injury. Hydroxyapatite is usually used for tooth regeneration. In this study, the role of P. corylifolia and bakuchiol, a compound originated from P. corylifolia as differentiation-inducing substances for tooth regeneration, was determined by monitoring odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). We confirmed that P. corylifolia extracts and bakuchiol increased the odontogenic differentiation of hDPSCs. In addition, the expression of the odontogenic differentiation marker genes alkaline phosphatase (APL), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin (OC), and dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1 (DMP-1) was proved by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein expression of dentin matrix acidic phosphoprotein-1 (DMP-1) and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) was proved by western blotting. Further, by confirming the increase in small mothers against decapentaplegia (SMAD) 1/5/8 phosphorylation, the SMAD signaling pathway was found to increase the differentiation of odontoblasts. This study confirmed that P. corylifolia L. extracts and bakuchiol alone promote odontogenic differentiation in hDPSCs. These results suggest that bakuchiol from P. corylifolia is responsible for odontogenic differentiation, and they encourage future in vivo studies on dentin regeneration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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14 pages, 3563 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dysregulation of miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Potential Biomarkers Panel?

by Ovidiu Aghiorghiesei, Oana Zanoaga, Lajos Raduly, Alexandra Iulia Aghiorghiesei, Paul Chiroi, Andrada Trif, Rares Buiga, Liviuta Budisan, Ondine Lucaciu, Laura Ancuta Pop, Cornelia Braicu, Radu Campian and Ioana Berindan-Neagoe

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44(4), 1754-1767; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44040121 - 16 Apr 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3578

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is considered the sixth most common cancer worldwide. To reduce the high mortality of the disease, sensitive and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are urgently needed. Non-coding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short length non-coding transcripts, or long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) seem to be potential biomarkers, considering that they have an important role in regulation of cell fate being involved in a wide range of biological processes. Literature data emphasized the important role of these transcripts as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, we have evaluated the expression levels of a panel of four miRNAs (miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p) and H19, MALAT1 by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) from 33 fresh frozen tissues and 33 normal adjacent tissues. Our date revealed miR-21-5p and miR-93-5p to be upregulated, while miR-200c-3p and miR-205-5p to be downregulated. Regarding the long non-coding RNAs, H19 and MALAT1, were also downregulated. We also investigated the expression of BCL2, which is another important gene correlated to non-coding RNAs investigated by as, and it was also under-expressed. Additional validation step at protein level was done for KI67, TP53 and BCL2. In our patient cohort no correlation with clinical stage and smoking status was observed. The results of the present study indicated the important role of miR-21-5p, miR-93-5p, miR-200c-3p, miR-205-5p and H19 in OSCC. Differential expression of these transcripts at sub-sites, may serve as a diagnostic marker with further elaboration on a larger sample size. Additional studies should be conducted to confirm the results, particularly the interconnection with coding and non-coding genes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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9 pages, 1839 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Advanced Glycation End Products Increase Salivary Gland Hypofunction in d-Galactose-Induced Aging Rats and Its Prevention by Physical Exercise

by Woo Kwon Jung, Su-Bin Park, Hyung Rae Kim, Hwa Young Ryu, Yong Hwan Kim and Junghyun Kim

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43(3), 2059-2067; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030142 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3396

Abstract

A declined salivary gland function is commonly observed in elderly people. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of aging. Although physical exercise is shown to increase various organ functions in human and experimental models, it is not known whether it has a similar effect in the salivary glands. In the present study, we evaluated the AGEs burden in the salivary gland in the aging process and the protective effect of physical exercise on age-related salivary hypofunction. To accelerate the aging process, rats were peritoneally injected with D-galactose for 6 weeks. Young control rats and d-galactose-induced aging rats in the old group were not exercised. The rats in the physical exercise group ran on a treadmill (12 m/min, 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 6 weeks). The results showed that the salivary flow rate and total protein levels in the saliva of the d-galactose-induced aging rats were reduced compared to those of the young control rats. Circulating AGEs in serum and secreted AGEs in saliva increased with d-galactose-induced aging. AGEs also accumulated in the salivary glands of these aging rats. The salivary gland of aging rats showed increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, loss of acinar cells, and apoptosis compared to young control mice. However, physical exercise suppressed all of these age-related salivary changes. Overall, physical exercise could provide a beneficial option for age-related salivary hypofunction. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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13 pages, 2558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Bitter Taste Receptor T2R38 Polymorphisms, Oral Microbiota, and Rheumatoid Arthritis

by Vivianne Cruz de Jesus, Manu Singh, Robert J. Schroth, Prashen Chelikani and Carol A. Hitchon

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43(3), 1460-1472; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030103 - 9 Oct 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3498

Abstract

The association of taste genetics and the oral microbiome in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has not been reported. We explored a novel oral mucosal innate immune pathway involving the bitter taste G protein-coupled receptor T2R38. This case–control study aimed to evaluate whether T2R38 polymorphisms associate with the buccal microbial composition in RA. Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swabs of 35 RA patients and 64 non-RA controls. TAS2R38 genotypes were determined by Sanger sequencing. The buccal microbiome was assessed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing of the V4-16S rRNA gene. Bacterial community differences were analyzed with alpha and beta diversity measures. Linear discriminant analysis effect size identified taxa discriminating between RA versus non-RA and across TAS2R38 genotypes. TAS2R38 genotype frequency was similar between RA and non-RA controls (PAV/PAV; PAV/AVI; AVI/AVI: RA 42.9%; 45.7%; 11.4% versus controls 32.8%; 48.4%; 18.8%, chi-square (2, N = 99) = 2.1, p = 0.35). The relative abundance of Porphyromonas, among others, differed between RA and non-RA controls. The relative abundance of several bacterial species also differed across TAS2R38 genotypes. These findings suggest an association between T2R38 polymorphisms and RA buccal microbial composition. However, further research is needed to understand the impact of T2R38 in oral health and RA development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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9 pages, 1764 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Azithromycin on Mineralized Nodule Formation in MC3T3-E1 Cells

by Kengo Kato, Manami Ozaki, Kumiko Nakai, Maki Nagasaki, Junya Nakajima, Ryosuke Koshi, Hideki Tanaka, Takayuki Kawato and Morio Tonogi

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43(3), 1451-1459; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43030102 - 6 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2486

Abstract

Azithromycin displays immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects in addition to broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and is used to treat inflammatory diseases, including respiratory and odontogenic infections. Few studies have reported the effect of azithromycin therapy on bone remodeling processes. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of azithromycin on the osteogenic function of osteoblasts using osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells. Cells were cultured in the presence of 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 µg/mL azithromycin, and cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity were determined. In vitro mineralized nodule formation was detected with alizarin red staining. The expression of collagenous and non-collagenous bone matrix protein was determined using real-time PCR or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In cells cultured with 10 µg/mL azithromycin, the ALPase activity and mineralized nodule formation decreased, while the type I collagen, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osteopontin mRNA expression as well as osteopontin and phosphorylated osteopontin levels increased. These results suggest that a high azithromycin concentration (10 µg/mL) suppresses mineralized nodule formation by decreasing ALPase activity and increasing osteopontin production, whereas low concentrations (≤l.0 µg/mL) have no effect on osteogenic function in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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12 pages, 957 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in the Biomarkers of Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress and Endothelial Dysfunction Are Associated with Cardiovascular Risk in Periodontitis Patients

by Nadia Ferlazzo, Monica Currò, Gaetano Isola, Silvia Maggio, Maria Paola Bertuccio, Angela Trovato-Salinaro, Giovanni Matarese, Angela Alibrandi, Daniela Caccamo and Riccardo Ientile

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43(2), 704-715; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43020051 - 15 Jul 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3643

Abstract

Patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and periodontitis (PT) show shared risk factors as result of the altered molecular mechanisms associated with pathological conditions. The aim of our study was to evaluate if the plasma biomarkers associated with endothelial dysfunction may also be related to alterations in the inflammatory status in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Patients with PT, coronary heart disease (CHD), or both diseases as well as controls were enrolled. Plasma levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), 3-nitrotyrosine (NT), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) were assessed using HPLC. mRNA levels of caspase-1 (CASP1), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in PBMC from the recruited subjects were quantified using real-time PCR. Patients with PT + CHD showed lower CoQ10 plasma levels and increased concentrations of NT in comparison to healthy subjects. ADMA levels were higher in CHD and PT + CHD patients compared to controls. Transcript levels of CASP1, NLRP3, and TNF-α were up-regulated in PBMC from all patient groups when compared to healthy subjects. Our results suggest a possible causal link between oxidative stress, high levels of NT and ADMA, and inflammasome activation, which may be involved in the endothelial inflammatory dysfunction leading to the pathogenesis and progression of CHD in PT patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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11 pages, 4404 KiB

Open AccessArticle

CD44 Sorted Cells Have an Augmented Potential for Proliferation, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Stemness, and a Predominantly Inflammatory Cytokine and Angiogenic Secretome

by Shankargouda Patil

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43(1), 423-433; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43010034 - 21 Jun 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2797

Abstract

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have garnered attention with their potential for early diagnosis and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). It is still indistinct whether CSCs are recognized with a specific set of characteristics. The present study aimed to assess the association of CD44 with stemness-related, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition EMT-related genes and the secretome of the CSCs. The single-cell suspension from primary OSCC tumors was prepared by enzymatic digestion and the cells were cultured in-vitro. The cancer stem cells were isolated by CD44+ selection using magnetic cell-sorting. The expression of CD44, proliferation rate, gene expression of EMT-related transcription factors, stemness markers, cytokine levels and angiogenic factors in both cell population was assessed. The sorted CD44+ cells showed significantly higher proliferation rate than heterogenous population. The CD44 expression was >90% in the sorted cells which was higher than the heterogenous cells. The CD44+ CSCs cells demonstrated significant increased levels of EMT-related genes TWIST1 and CDH2 (N-cadherin), CSC-related genes CD44 and CD133 (PROM1), stemness-related genes OCT4, SOX2, inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß, IL-12, IL-18 and TNF-α and angiogenic factors Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, bFGF and VEGF while levels of epithelial gene CDH1 (E-cadherin) decreased in comparison to mixed cell population. The genetic and secretome profiling of the CD44+ CSCs could serve as diagnostic and prognostic tools in the treatment of oral cancers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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10 pages, 1992 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Allicin Could Potentially Alleviate Oral Cancer Pain by Inhibiting “Pain Mediators” TNF-alpha, IL-8, and Endothelin

by Abdulwahab H. Alamir and Shankargouda Patil

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43(1), 187-196; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43010016 - 23 May 2021

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3405

Abstract

To evaluate the effects of allicin on mediators of pain secreted by oral cancer cells in vitro, single-cell suspensions were prepared by enzymatic method from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Cancer stem cells were isolated by the CD133+ selection method with magnetic cell sorting. Stemness markers were checked in both cancer cells and cancer stem cells by RT-PCR. Comparative analysis of pain mediators TNF-alpha, IL-8, and endothelin at both RNA and protein levels for normal epithelial cells, cancer cells, and cancer stem cells was carried out with and without allicin treatment. CD133 and CD44 expression levels were checked in cancer cells and cancer stem cells flow cytometrically. Allicin inhibited both gene and protein expression of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and endothelin in both cancer cells and cancer stem cells. Allicin is more likely to be a promising treatment in alleviating the levels of pain and inflammation in OSCCs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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17 pages, 760 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Use of Salivary Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases as an Adjuvant Method in the Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Literature Review

by Monica Monea and Anca Maria Pop

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2022, 44(12), 6306-6322; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44120430 - 12 Dec 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2843

Abstract

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with increased mortality, in which the early diagnosis is the most important step in increasing patients’ survival rate. Extensive research has evaluated the role of saliva as a source of diagnostic biomarkers, among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have shown a valuable potential for detecting even early stages of OSCC. The aim of this review was to present recent clinical data regarding the significance of salivary MMPs in the detection of early malignant transformation of the oral mucosa. A narrative review was conducted on articles published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO and SciELO databases, using specific terms. Our search revealed that MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12 and MMP-13 had significantly higher levels in saliva from patients with OSCC compared to controls. However, the strength of evidence is limited, as most information regarding their use as adjuvant diagnostic tools for OSCC comes from studies with a low number of participants, variable methodologies for saliva sampling and diagnostic assays, and insufficient adjustment for all covariates. MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were considered the most promising candidates for salivary diagnosis of OSCC, but larger studies are needed in order to validate their clinical application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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17 pages, 3116 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Malondialdehyde, an Oxidative Stress Marker in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Khadijah Mohideen, Uma Sudhakar, Thayumanavan Balakrishnan, Mazen A. Almasri, Manea Musa Al-Ahmari, Hajar Saeed Al Dira, Malath Suhluli, Alok Dubey, Sheetal Mujoo, Zohaib Khurshid, A. Thirumal Raj and Shankargouda Patil

Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2021, 43(2), 1019-1035; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb43020072 - 28 Aug 2021

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4990

Abstract

Objective: To qualitative and quantitatively review published literature assessing the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA) in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Methodology: Pubmed (MeSH), Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, Willey Online Library, Cochrane, and Cross Reference were searched for studies assessing MDA levels in OSCC samples. Results: From the 1008 articles identified, 849 were excluded based on title and abstract screening due to duplication and irrelevance to the topic of interest. Full-text assessment of the remaining 159 articles led to the inclusion of only 46 articles that satisfied the selection criteria. Of these, only 26 studies had data compatible for quantitative analysis. The MDA levels in OSCC groups are significantly increased (p < 0.00001) in plasma, serum, and saliva samples in the majority of the studies evaluated. In contrast, MDA levels in OSCC tissue samples are significantly attenuated (p < 0.00001) compared to healthy controls, supported by fewer studies. Conclusions: The augmented MDA levels in plasma, serum, and saliva samples of the OSCC reflect the heightened oxidative stress level accurately. Further studies are required to understand the attenuated MDA levels in the tissue samples of OSCC. Correlation analysis between MDA levels with established clinicopathological prognostic markers could aid in formulating oxidative stress-based prognostication and treatment planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances of Molecular Sciences in Dental Diseases Detection and Treatment)

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