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10 pages, 3109 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of Chamaecyparis obtuse Extract for Use in Oral Herbal Medicine

by Yu-Rin Kim, Gyoo-Cheon Kim and Seoul-Hee Nam

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10236; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810236 - 12 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1112

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal and antioxidant activities of Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa) extract (COE) against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Methods: The antioxidant activity was determined using three methods based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) scavenging, [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal and antioxidant activities of Chamaecyparis obtusa (C. obtusa) extract (COE) against Candida albicans (C. albicans). Methods: The antioxidant activity was determined using three methods based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) scavenging, total polyphenol measurement, and total flavonoid measurement. In addition, the survival rate of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) was checked to confirm their stability. A one-way ANOVA also confirmed the antifungal activity of COE against C. albicans and its proliferative effect on HaCaT cells. In addition, to confirm the difference between each group, the Tukey HSD test was performed as a post hoc analysis, and the significance level was set at 0.05 as a two-tailed test. Results: COE was found to contain 424.150 mg GAE/g of polyphenols, 127.566 mg CE/g of flavonoids, and 83.594% of radical scavenging activity. Furthermore, 30 mg/mL of this extract exhibited complete antifungal activity. In addition, a noticeable killing effect on C. albicans was observed as the concentration of the extract increased. For instance, at a 2.5 mg/mL dosage of COE, HaCaT cells were safe, but C. albicans showed a distinct antifungal effect. Conclusions: COE has antioxidant and antifungal activity, so it has a high potential as an effective natural antifungal agent. Therefore, oral gargle containing COE is expected to be a safe and effective treatment in oral candidiasis in clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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17 pages, 15275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Finite Elements Analysis of Biomechanical Behavior of the Bracket in a Gradual Horizontal Periodontal Breakdown—A Comparative Analysis of Multiple Failure Criteria

by Radu Andrei Moga, Cristian Doru Olteanu, Stefan Marius Buru, Mircea Daniel Botez and Ada Gabriela Delean

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(16), 9480; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13169480 - 21 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 999

Abstract

This study assessed the stress distribution (in eighty-one 3D models of the second lower premolar) in a stainless-steel bracket and enamel crown under 0.5 N of intrusion, extrusion, rotation, translation, and tipping during a horizontal periodontal breakdown of 0–8 mm. The FEA simulations [...] Read more.

This study assessed the stress distribution (in eighty-one 3D models of the second lower premolar) in a stainless-steel bracket and enamel crown under 0.5 N of intrusion, extrusion, rotation, translation, and tipping during a horizontal periodontal breakdown of 0–8 mm. The FEA simulations (totaling 405) employed five failure criteria and assessed the adequacy and accuracy of Von Mises (VM), Tresca (T), Maximum Principal (S1), Minimum Principal (S3), and Hydrostatic Pressure. T and VM criteria showed no change in stress display areas during the periodontal breakdown, seeming to be more correct and adequate than the other three (with unusual stress displays). Both VM and T (found to be more adequate) generated maximum stress areas on the attachment side and the entire base of the bracket, confirming the non-homogenous stress distribution areas and the risks of bond failure. Rotation, translation, and tipping were the most stressful movements and showed slightly lower quantitative values for 8 mm bone loss when compared with the intact periodontium, while intrusion and extrusion showed the opposite behavior (slight increase). Periodontal breakdown did not influence the stress display in the bracket and its surrounding enamel area during the five orthodontic movements. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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16 pages, 12355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Extraction of Cuminum cyminum and Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oils and Their Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Activity against Clinically Isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia: An In Vitro Study

by Ayub Hussein Rashid, Sarhang Sarwat Gul, Hoshyar Abdullah Azeez and Shokhan Hamaali Azeez

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 7996; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13147996 - 8 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1854

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oils of Cuminum cyminum (CEO) and Foeniculum vulgare (FEO) on the clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia). [...] Read more.

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of the essential oils of Cuminum cyminum (CEO) and Foeniculum vulgare (FEO) on the clinically isolated Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia). Subgingival plaque samples were collected from periodontal pockets (≥6 mm) of patients with generalized severe periodontitis. Microbiological and molecular tests were performed to isolate and confirm P. intermedia. A previously isolated P. gingivalis was used. The hydrodistillation method was used to extract the CEO and FEO. The antibacterial activity of the examined oils against the confirmed clinical strains was determined using the disc diffusion and broth dilution methods to determine the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The antibiofilm properties of CEO and FEO were determined using the tube method. The t-test was used for comparisons of inhibition zones. Both CEO and FEO presented inhibition zones against both clinically isolated bacteria. The CEO and FEO revealed antibacterial activity with MIC values of 3.125 µL/mL and MBC of 6.25 µL/mL against P. gingivalis, respectively. In addition, their MIC and MBC against P. intermedia were 0.195 µL/mL and 3.125 µL/mL, respectively. Finally, the essential oils showed moderate to strong antibiofilm activities against the clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia, respectively. This study supports the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of CEO and FEO against clinically isolated P. gingivalis and P. intermedia. Further studies should focus on using these essential oils as an adjunct to periodontal therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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11 pages, 605 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Pulp–Tooth Area Ratio and Chronological Age among Saudi Arabian Adults: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography Image Analysis

by Abdullah Alqarni, Muhammed Ajmal, Reem Mohammed Hakami, Abeer Abdullah Alassmi, Sandeepa Nuchilakath Chalikkandy and Saeed Arem

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(13), 7945; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13137945 - 6 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1601

Abstract

The pulp–tooth area ratio (PTR) from radiographic dental archives is considered useful for age estimation in the forensic field. Since there have been no studies conducted in the Saudi Arabian population using the PTR method, this study aimed to assess the relationship between [...] Read more.

The pulp–tooth area ratio (PTR) from radiographic dental archives is considered useful for age estimation in the forensic field. Since there have been no studies conducted in the Saudi Arabian population using the PTR method, this study aimed to assess the relationship between the pulp–tooth area ratio of maxillary canines and central incisors and chronological age among Saudi Arabian adults using CBCT and to compare the selected teeth’s predictive power. For this, 100 CBCT scans of 62 male and 38 female patients aged between 20 and 60 years were assessed using OnDemand 3D DentalTM software (Cybermed Co., Tustin, CA, USA) in the axial and sagittal section of each tooth. The mean age estimated using the PTR of the maxillary incisors (39.98 years) was higher than the canines’ (37.9 years). A negative correlation coefficient ‘r’ value was seen between PTR and age. The strongest inverse correlation was noted between age and incisor axial view (0.47) (p < 0.05), Maxillary central incisors had higher R² in both genders (males: PTRS-0.18, PTRA-0.17; females: PTRS-0.19, PTRA-0.35) than canines. We conclude a weak correlation between the pulp–tooth ratio and chronological age estimation. CBCT pulp–tooth ratios of axial and sagittal sections of incisors were inconclusive in estimating the age of Saudi Arabian individuals owing to their low coefficient of estimation. Among the tooth types studied, maxillary incisors were better predictors than canines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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11 pages, 1773 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peroxide-Free Bleaching Gel: Effect on the Surface and Mechanical Properties of Nano- and Micro-Hybrid Restorative Composite Materials

by Aftab Ahmed Khan, Abdulaziz Abdullah Alkhureif, Leonel S. J. Bautista, Hanan Alsunbul and Sajith Vellappally

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 5935; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13105935 - 11 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2469

Abstract

This laboratory investigation was designed to test the influence of a novel bleaching formulation based on phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (PAP) with additives on the surface and mechanical properties of nano- and micro-hybrid restorative composites. Twenty-four bar-shaped and twelve disk-shaped samples from each restorative composite [...] Read more.

This laboratory investigation was designed to test the influence of a novel bleaching formulation based on phthalimidoperoxycaproic acid (PAP) with additives on the surface and mechanical properties of nano- and micro-hybrid restorative composites. Twenty-four bar-shaped and twelve disk-shaped samples from each restorative composite were prepared. The samples from each restorative composite were randomly divided into two groups according to the treatment, i.e., experimental and control. The treated groups went through the bleaching process: by Opalescence Regular or novel PAP+-containing gel (HiSmile™). The treated group underwent a bleaching process for seven consecutive days (a 10-min session of bleaching application every day) before the properties were tested. A paired sample t-test was performed to compare the results between the experimental and the control groups. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The surface roughness of the nanohybrid composite using Opalescence Regular (p < 0.05) was significant. Additionally, a significant difference in nanohardness and elastic modulus between the experimental and the control groups of the microhybrid composite using Opalescence Regular was observed: p = 0.041 and p = 0.023, respectively. While a marked difference in flexural strength was observed in the experimental and control groups using Opalescence Regular, Hismile™ bleaching gel caused a diminutive and insignificant reduction in tested properties (p > 0.05). It was found that Opalescence Regular bleaching gel affects the surface and bulk properties of restorative composite materials, whereas the novel PAP+ formulation has no deleterious effect on either nano- or micro-hybrid restorative composites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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11 pages, 1043 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prevalence and Characteristics of Radiographic Radiolucencies Associated with Class II Composite Restorations

by Jood Bazerbashi, Qoot Alkhubaizi, Azin Parsa, Mohamed Shabayek, Howard Strassler and Mary Anne S. Melo

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4780; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084780 - 11 Apr 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 6717

Abstract

Bitewing radiographic examination of the Class II composite restorations is commonly performed for diagnosis and preoperative planning of posterior teeth. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence; location; and characteristics of radiolucency findings associated with proximal class II composite restorations. [...] Read more.

Bitewing radiographic examination of the Class II composite restorations is commonly performed for diagnosis and preoperative planning of posterior teeth. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence; location; and characteristics of radiolucency findings associated with proximal class II composite restorations. Bitewing radiographs of proximal composite restorations of healthy adult patients (18 to 88 years old) who underwent restorative care at predoctoral clinics at the University of Maryland School of Dentistry from August 2016 to July 2019 were identified. Atypical radiographic features were categorized by location and associated material (adhesive or composite). In addition, demographic and clinical details (tooth position; restored surface) were recorded. Out of the 669 radiographically examined bitewings of restorations; 16.5% of radiographs showed no atypical findings; and 83.5% had unusual radiographic signs. The atypical radiographic findings were distributed as 16.5% internal voids; 3% overhang; 7.8% interlayer lines; 12.6% secondary caries; 20.7% interfacial gaps; and 23.1% multiple atypical findings. Class II composite restorations have a high prevalence of atypical radiolucency; particularly in the body of the composite; premolars; and disto-occlusal restorations. The information reported here emphasizes the clinical challenge of ascertaining an appropriate diagnosis of the radiolucencies underneath composite restorations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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12 pages, 2396 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Efficacy of Three Types of Disinfectants on the Microbial Flora from the Surface of Impression Materials Used in Dentistry—In Vitro Study

by Diana Cerghizan, Kinga Mária Jánosi, Cristina Nicoleta Ciurea, Oana Popelea, Monica Dora Baloș, Adriana Elena Crăciun, Liana Georgiana Hănțoiu and Aurița Ioana Albu

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1097; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021097 - 13 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2762

Abstract

During impressions, bacteria, viruses, and fungi remain on the impression material, representing a significant risk for the medical team (dentists, dental assistants, and laboratory technicians). Impression disinfectants have been introduced into dentistry to reduce the risk of cross-infection. This study was performed by [...] Read more.

During impressions, bacteria, viruses, and fungi remain on the impression material, representing a significant risk for the medical team (dentists, dental assistants, and laboratory technicians). Impression disinfectants have been introduced into dentistry to reduce the risk of cross-infection. This study was performed by examining the surface disinfection of five commonly used impression materials in prosthodontics: alginate-Tropicalgin (Zhermack^®), condensation silicone-Zetaplus (Zhermack^®), Oranwash L (Zhermack^®); and addition silicone-Elite HD + Putty Soft (Zhermack^®), Elite + Light Body (Zhermack^®) after the disinfection with three disinfectants: Zeta 3 Soft (Zhermack^®), Zeta 7 Spray (Zhermack^®) and Zeta 7 Solution (Zhermack^®). Before disinfection, the impression materials were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and Candida albicans ATCC 10213. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of the two examined specific disinfectants in reducing cross-infection risk. The surface disinfectant-spray is not adequate for impression disinfection. A high number of bacterial colonies were found on the surface of all impressions disinfected with this spray. The immersion-disinfection method effectively eliminates the risk of cross-infections (Kruskal–Wallis test showed a p < 0.001). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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12 pages, 601 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Pro-Argin on the Oral Health-Related Quality of Life: A 24-Week Randomized, Parallel-Group, Multicenter Study

by Mary Michaelis, Constanze Hirsiger, Dominique Roux, Patrick Roger Schmidlin, Thomas Attin, Sophie Doméjean, Christian Hirsch, Christian Heumann, Hans-Günter Schaller and Christian Ralf Gernhardt

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4431; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094431 - 27 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2993

Abstract

To assess the efficacy of Pro-Argin with respect to the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and cervical dentine hypersensitivity (CDH) in subjects with CDH for 24 weeks compared to a control group. Three study centers (one each in France, Germany, and Switzerland) [...] Read more.

To assess the efficacy of Pro-Argin with respect to the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and cervical dentine hypersensitivity (CDH) in subjects with CDH for 24 weeks compared to a control group. Three study centers (one each in France, Germany, and Switzerland) included 273 subjects for 24 weeks. Patients with CDH involving at least two non-molar teeth and those with Schiff scores (cold air sensitivity scale) of 2 or 3 were included. The primary study parameter was a change in the OHRQoL from baseline to 24 weeks, as assessed by the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP)-49 questionnaire within and between the randomized groups. Patients were randomly assigned to the test group (TG) or the control group (CG). Prophylaxis paste and toothpaste in the TG contained 8% arginine and calcium carbonate. The toothpaste in the CG contained sodium monofluorophosphate. The level of significance was set at 5% (p = 0.05). The OHIP-49 at 24 weeks was analyzed using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The mean OHIP-49 score after 24 weeks (adjusted for baseline) was significantly lower in the TG than in the CG (p = 0.005, ANCOVA). The OHIP-49 pain-related items adjusted for the baseline values also showed significant differences between the groups (p = 0.025, ANCOVA). The treatment over a period of 24 weeks using products based on the Pro-Argin technology showed a significant improvement in the OHRQoL compared to the placebo application. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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9 pages, 592 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Activity of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester against Different Oral Microorganisms

by Rasha AlSheikh, Hamad N. Albagieh, Ismail Abdouh, Hattan Zaki, Amal M. Alzahrani, Hassan S. Halawany and Khalifa S. Al-Khalifa

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(8), 3959; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12083959 - 14 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2246

Abstract

This was an in vitro study that aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the propolis extract caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on four different oral microorganisms. Seven different concentrations of CAPE (0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL) for use [...] Read more.

This was an in vitro study that aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of the propolis extract caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on four different oral microorganisms. Seven different concentrations of CAPE (0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 mg/mL) for use against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus oralis, and Streptococcus salivarius were determined using minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), broth microdilution, and well diffusion tests over 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h, while NaF at 0.05 percent was used as a positive control. Staphylococcus aureus was most affected by CAPE’s inhibitory effect on bacterial growth, whereas S. mutans was the least affected. S. mutans and S. oralis had similar CAPE MIC and MBC values of 1 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL, respectively. The most resistant bacteria to CAPE were S. salivarius and S. aureus, with MIC and MBC values of 3 mg/mL and 4 mg/mL, respectively. S. oralis, followed by S. salivarius, S. mutans, and S. aureus, had the highest viable count following exposure to CAPE’s MBC values, while S. aureus had the lowest. The current results of the inhibitory effect of CAPE on bacterial growth are promising, and the values of both CAPE MBC and MIC against the related four cariogenic bacterial organisms are significant. CAPE can be employed as an adjunct dental hygiene substance for maintaining good oral hygiene, and has a potential therapeutic effect in the field of oral health care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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10 pages, 585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Does the Behavior of Pediatric Patients towards Dental Treatment Influence the Pattern of Adjacent (Sound, Decayed, and Filled) Proximal Surfaces in Primary Molars?

by Eman Bakhurji, Jumana Alagil, Hussah Almulhim, Raghad Alfuhaid, Sarah Alqanas and Khalifa S. Al-Khalifa

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(4), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12041910 - 11 Feb 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2354

Abstract

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of patient behavior toward dental treatment on the presence of adjacent (sound, decayed, or filled) proximal surfaces in the primary molars. The study included a records review of 2226 pediatric patients. Records were eligible if [...] Read more.

This retrospective study aimed to investigate the influence of patient behavior toward dental treatment on the presence of adjacent (sound, decayed, or filled) proximal surfaces in the primary molars. The study included a records review of 2226 pediatric patients. Records were eligible if the patients were in primary or mixed dentition, and if they included a complete set of bitewings and periapical intraoral radiographs of all their primary molars. Four calibrated reviewers used intraoral radiographs to record the sound, decayed, and filled proximal distal surfaces of the first primary molars and the mesial surfaces of the second primary molars. Demographical variables were reported from patients’ medical records including gender, age, medical history, nationality, and patient behavior. Patients’ behaviors were evaluated using Frankl’s Behavior Rating Scale. The Pearson correlation was used to test the association between the sound, decayed, and filled distal surfaces of the first primary molars and the mesial surface of the second primary molar. High correlations of ≥0.6 were further tested in simple and multiple linear regression models to test the influence of patients’ behaviors on these correlations after adjusting for demographical factors. All tests were performed at 5% significance level A. A total of 1194 records met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. There was a high positive correlation between the sound, decayed, and filled distal surfaces of the first primary molar and similar surfaces on the mesial of the second primary molars (0.66, 0.61, and 0.60, respectively). Compared to cooperative patients, the adjusted estimate of the mean decayed mesial surface of the second primary molar increased significantly for non-cooperative patients by 0.1 (95% CI = 0.16–0.53). On the contrary, the adjusted estimate of the mean sound mesial surfaces of the second primary molars decreased significantly by 0.09 for non-cooperative patients, compared to those who were cooperative (95% CI = −0.52–−0.15). Patient cooperation did not significantly influence the mean of the filled mesial surfaces of the second primary molars (adjusted B = 0.01, 95% CI = −0.05–0.09). Educating parents and clinicians about the influence of children’s behaviors on oral health is highly encouraged to improve treatment outcomes and reduce the progression of dental caries. The implementation of specific behavior management techniques is also important to reduce dental fear and anxiety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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11 pages, 1834 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Measuring Changes in Jaw Opening Forces to Assess the Degree of Improvement in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders

by Jithendra Ratnayake, Guangzhao Guan, Ajith Polonowita, Andrew R. Gray, Carolina Loch, Kai Chun Li, John Neil Waddell, Karl Lyons and Paul A. Brunton

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(3), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031224 - 24 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2629

Abstract

Background: Currently, the degree of improvement in patients with TMDs is measured through subjective questionnaires and clinical examination This study aimed to investigate the properties of an objective quantitative measure of jaw-opening forces to assess clinical improvement in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients following [...] Read more.

Background: Currently, the degree of improvement in patients with TMDs is measured through subjective questionnaires and clinical examination This study aimed to investigate the properties of an objective quantitative measure of jaw-opening forces to assess clinical improvement in temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients following treatment. Methods: Baseline jaw-opening forces were recorded for TMD-patients (n = 62) and a comparison group of TMD-free participants (n = 56), using a jaw-opening forces measuring device. TMD patients were divided into three subcategories (myofascial pain, disc-displacement, and myofascial pain and disc-displacement combined) and received a combination of treatment for six months; meanwhile, TMD-free participants did not receive treatment. Jaw-opening forces for each participant in both groups were measured at their six-month review appointment. Results: Jaw-opening forces were reliable at baseline (single measure ICC 0.98, 95% CI 0.97–0.98, ICC ≥ 0.94 for all groups and subcategories). Jaw-opening forces increased in the TMD group following treatment at six-months (18.6 N at baseline and 32.4 N at six-months, p < 0.001) and did not change significantly in the TMD-free group (49 N at baseline and 48.3 N at six-months). There was a small improvement in the disc displacement group (27.8% higher forces, p = 0.002). However, the myofascial-pain and myofascial-pain-and-disc-displacement groups showed significant improvement following treatment (93.5% higher forces, p < 0.001; 91.1% higher forces, p < 0.001; respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the measurement of jaw-opening forces could potentially be used to assess the clinical improvement in TMD patients following diagnosis and treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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14 pages, 2454 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Clinical versus Dental Laboratory Survey Regarding Modern Fixed Implant Supported Prosthetic in Romania

by Luminita Oancea, Eugenia Panaitescu, Mihai Burlibasa and Catalin Gagiu

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 472; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010472 - 4 Jan 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1732

Abstract

(1) Background: The success of prosthetic treatment with implant support depends on the combined effort of the team doctor-technician, each of them being responsible for the validation of execution stages. (2) Methods: we composed an online questionnaire with 18 multiple choice questions, using [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The success of prosthetic treatment with implant support depends on the combined effort of the team doctor-technician, each of them being responsible for the validation of execution stages. (2) Methods: we composed an online questionnaire with 18 multiple choice questions, using the Google Forms application. It was filled out by an equal number of prosthodontic specialists and dental technicians. Differences and associations were evaluated by Likelihood Ratio test, Linear by Linear association test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, Pearson Chi-Square test and the Fisher’s Exact test. (3) Results: Differences and similarities were found between the statements of prosthodontic specialists and dental technicians. Years of experience are correlated with the number of restorations, impression techniques and types of restoration (p ≤ 0.05). Similar answers for both groups were registered for preferred screw retained type of prosthetic abutment and most frequently reported complications. (4) Conclusions: The different perspectives of the two members of the prosthodontic team regarding the leading role in the treatment plan, type of abutment, impression technique and prosthetic design of implant fixed restorations has been revealed in our study. Similar education curricula and standards for continuing training courses after graduation are necessary for prosthodontic specialists and technicians in Romania. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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9 pages, 239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Root Resorption of Adjacent Teeth Associated with Maxillary Canine Impaction in the Saudi Arabian Population: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study

by Ahmed Mohammed Alassiry and Zaki Hakami

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(1), 334; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010334 - 30 Dec 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2397

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the location of root resorption in relation to an impacted maxillary canine and grade its severity using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Saudi Arabian population. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 169 patients with maxillary canine impaction [...] Read more.

This study aimed to identify the location of root resorption in relation to an impacted maxillary canine and grade its severity using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the Saudi Arabian population. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 169 patients with maxillary canine impaction were evaluated. The location and the severity of root resorption of the affected tooth in relation to the impacted maxillary canine were recorded for each patient. Results: a total 204 impacted maxillary canines caused root resorption in 218 adjacent teeth. Maximum root resorption was present in 63.3% of the apical one-third of the root and 37.6% of the palatal surfaces. There was mild root resorption in 55%, moderate in 10% and severe in 35%. There was no statistically significant difference between the gender, age, type of impaction, side of impaction, and the number, location, or degree of root resorption. Multiple logistic regression models showed significant association (p = 0.024) between gender, type of impaction, and root resorption. A significant correlation was found between the level and the surface of the root resorption (p = 0.018). Conclusion: In the Saudi population, apical one-third root levels and palatal surfaces were primarily involved in root resorption caused by impacted canines. The females with bilateral canine impaction were more likely affected by root resorption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

14 pages, 6427 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vivo Evaluation of Decellularized Human Tooth Scaffold for Dental Tissue Regeneration

by Ik-Hwan Kim, Mijeong Jeon, Kyounga Cheon, Sun Ha Kim, Han-Sung Jung, Yooseok Shin, Chung Min Kang, Seong-Oh Kim, Hyung-Jun Choi, Hyo-Seol Lee, Ko Eun Lee and Je Seon Song

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(18), 8472; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188472 - 13 Sep 2021

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4335

Abstract

Conventional root canal treatment may result in loss of tooth vitality, which can lead to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Notably, a ceased tooth development of immature permanent teeth with open apices, regeneration of periodontal ligaments (PDL), and pulp is highly expected healing process. For [...] Read more.

Conventional root canal treatment may result in loss of tooth vitality, which can lead to unfavorable treatment outcomes. Notably, a ceased tooth development of immature permanent teeth with open apices, regeneration of periodontal ligaments (PDL), and pulp is highly expected healing process. For regeneration, the scaffold is one of the critical components that carry biological benefits. Therefore, this study evaluated a decellularized human tooth as a scaffold for the PDL and pulp tissue regeneration. A tooth scaffold was fabricated using an effective decellularization method as reported in previous studies. PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) obtained from human permanent teeth were inoculated onto decellularized scaffolds, then cultured to transplant into immunosuppressed mouse. After 9 weeks, PDLSCs and DPSCs that were inoculated onto decellularized tooth scaffolds and cultured in an in vivo demonstrated successful differentiation. In PDLSCs, a regeneration of the cementum/PDL complex could be expected. In DPSCs, the expression of genes related to revascularization and the hard tissue regeneration showed the possibility of pulp regeneration. This study suggested that the potential possible application of decellularized human tooth could be a scaffold in regeneration PDL and pulp tissue along with PDLSCs and DPSCs, respectively, as a novel treatment method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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10 pages, 2015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Doxycycline-Loaded Nitric Oxide-Releasing Nanomatrix Gel in Replanted Rat Molar on Pulp Regeneration

by Kwan-Hee Yun, Mi-Ja Ko, Yong-Kown Chae, Koeun Lee, Ok-Hyung Nam, Hyo-Seol Lee, Kyounga Cheon and Sung-Chul Choi

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6041; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136041 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2882

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of doxycycline-loaded NO-releasing nanomatrix gel on pulp regeneration in replantation of avulsed rat teeth. A total of 28 maxillary first molars extracted from rats were replanted. The rats were divided into two [...] Read more.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of doxycycline-loaded NO-releasing nanomatrix gel on pulp regeneration in replantation of avulsed rat teeth. A total of 28 maxillary first molars extracted from rats were replanted. The rats were divided into two groups based on the use of root surface treatment: doxycycline-loaded NO-releasing nanomatrix group and no treatment. Eight weeks after replantation, the rats were sacrificed, and the teeth were evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. On histomorphometric analysis, the NO-releasing nanomatrix group demonstrated a significantly lower grade of pulp inflammation (1.00 ± 1.11, mean ± standard deviation) compared to the no treatment group (2.21 ± 1.25, p = 0.014). NO-releasing nanomatrix group showed a significantly higher grade of pulp regeneration (2.57 ± 0.85, p = 0.012) and significantly lower grade of pulp inflammation (1.00 ± 0.68, p = 0.025) compared to the no treatment group. In conclusion, NO-releasing nanomatrix gel improved pulp regeneration of replanted teeth, though the sample size of this study was rather small. Within the limits of this study, NO-releasing nanomatrix gel can provide more favorable pulpal regeneration despite replantation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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14 pages, 2252 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Characterization of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Derived from Supernumerary Teeth in Three-Dimensional Culture Method

by Yun Yeong Jeong, Mi Sun Kim, Ko Eun Lee, Ok Hyung Nam, Ji-Hyun Jang, Sung-Chul Choi and Hyo-Seol Lee

Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(13), 6040; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11136040 - 29 Jun 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1917

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells derived from supernumerary teeth (sPDLSCs), cultured using a three-dimensional (3D) method and a conventional two-dimensional (2D) method. Methods: The morphology, viability, and osteogenic differentiation of the cells [...] Read more.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics of periodontal ligament stem cells derived from supernumerary teeth (sPDLSCs), cultured using a three-dimensional (3D) method and a conventional two-dimensional (2D) method. Methods: The morphology, viability, and osteogenic differentiation of the cells were analyzed. In addition, gene expression was analyzed by RNA sequencing, to characterize the functional differences. Results: The diameter of the 3D-cultured sPDLSCs decreased over time, but the spheroid shape was maintained for 7 days. The osteogenic differentiation was similar in the 2D and 3D. The gene expression related to the extracellular matrix (7.3%), angiogenesis (5.6%), cell proliferation (4.6%), inflammatory response (3.7%), and cell migration (3.5%) differed (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, sPDLSCs varied in formation and function, depending on the culture method. In future, it is necessary to study tissue engineering using the advantages of 3D culture and the fewer ethical problems of supernumerary teeth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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Review

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13 pages, 2370 KiB

Open AccessReview

An Overview of Shade Selection in Clinical Dentistry

by Rizwan Jouhar, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed and Zohaib Khurshid

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 6841; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12146841 - 6 Jul 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 11920

Abstract

The selection of an accurate tooth shade has always been a challenging task for dental practitioners in restoring the natural appearance of teeth. Various factors can influence shade selection, such as different lighting conditions, clearness and opaqueness of teeth, eye fatigue, aging and [...] Read more.

The selection of an accurate tooth shade has always been a challenging task for dental practitioners in restoring the natural appearance of teeth. Various factors can influence shade selection, such as different lighting conditions, clearness and opaqueness of teeth, eye fatigue, aging and color vision problems. It is imperative to have a sound knowledge about the concept of shades and its selection protocol for obtaining good esthetics outcomes. To attain the best esthetics, four elementary contributing factors are essential: exact position, shape, surface texture and shade. The current analysis focuses on several features of shade, sensitivity of shades, optical properties of the teeth, visual and innovative instrumental techniques for shade selection, protocols for shade selection and factors affecting dental shade selection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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25 pages, 6092 KiB

Open AccessReview

Biophotonics in Dentistry

by Ehsaneh Daghigh Ahmadi, Saudah Hafeji, Zohaib Khurshid, Eisha Imran, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Morvarid Saeinasab and Farshid Sefat

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(9), 4254; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094254 - 22 Apr 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3583

Abstract

The aim of this review paper is to concentrate on the use and application of photonics in dentistry. More than one hundred review and research articles were comprehensively analysed in terms of applications of photonics in dentistry, including surgical applications, as well as [...] Read more.

The aim of this review paper is to concentrate on the use and application of photonics in dentistry. More than one hundred review and research articles were comprehensively analysed in terms of applications of photonics in dentistry, including surgical applications, as well as dental biomaterials, diagnosis and treatments. In biomedical engineering, various fields, such as biology, chemistry, material and physics, come together in to tackle a disease/disorder either as a diagnostic tool or an option for treatment. Engineers believe that biophotonics is the application of photonics in medicine, whereas photonics is simply a technology for creating and connecting packets of light energy, known as photons. This review paper provides a comprehensive discussion of its main elements, such as photoelasticity, interferometry techniques, optical coherence tomography, different types of lasers, carbon nanotubes, graphene and quantum dots. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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Other

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14 pages, 14601 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Clear Aligner Treatment as a Safe Method for Treating Occlusal Trauma in Elderly Patients

by Monika Machoy, Małgorzata Tomasik, Renata Samulak, Aleksandra Brzezińska-Zając, Krzysztof Woźniak and Liliana Szyszka-Sommerfeld

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(17), 9506; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13179506 - 22 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1633

Abstract

The case report presents an interdisciplinary treatment of a 65-year-old patient in whom an improper zirconium oxide-based prosthetic crown on tooth 21 resulted in occlusal trauma, causing displacement and extrusion of the tooth as well as its increased mobility to the second degree [...] Read more.

The case report presents an interdisciplinary treatment of a 65-year-old patient in whom an improper zirconium oxide-based prosthetic crown on tooth 21 resulted in occlusal trauma, causing displacement and extrusion of the tooth as well as its increased mobility to the second degree according to the Miller scale. The change in the position of tooth 21 led to the displacement of the teeth in the lower arch. The traumatic occlusion was eliminated with a short clear aligner treatment of fourteen aligners (seven basic and seven additional) of both arches followed by aligner retention. The treatment lasted 140 days. A clinical improvement in the periodontal condition and long-term increased stabilization of the loose tooth was obtained. After one year of retention, the tooth is still stable, and no sign of periodontal disease or recurrence of the occlusal trauma is noticeable. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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11 pages, 6951 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Effectiveness of Dental Bleaching during Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners: A Systematic Review

by Majd Khashashneh, Jithendra Ratnayake, Joanne Jung Eun Choi, Li Mei, Karl Lyons and Paul A. Brunton

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(21), 11274; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122111274 - 7 Nov 2022

Viewed by 2655

Abstract

The objective of this article was to systematically review the literature to determine how effective tooth whitening procedures are when carried out in tandem with orthodontic clear aligners. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and [...] Read more.

The objective of this article was to systematically review the literature to determine how effective tooth whitening procedures are when carried out in tandem with orthodontic clear aligners. This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Online searches of PubMed, Medline via Ovid, Science Direct, the Cochrane database of systematic reviews via Ovid, Scopus, and Google Scholar as well as manual searches of the references of the selected articles were conducted. Clinical studies which assessed the efficacy of dental bleaching using orthodontic clear aligners were included in the present study. Data from the included studies were extracted and assessed for risk of bias using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Three studies met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were included in this study. One study compared the efficiency of tooth bleaching between clear aligners and conventional bleaching trays. One study evaluated the effectiveness of dental bleaching using clear aligners by comparing the tooth shade of those patients to a control group of patients who did not receive dental bleaching during orthodontic clear aligner treatment. One study evaluated the effectiveness of different concentrations of different bleaching agents using clear aligners. All the included studies showed an improved tooth shade when using clear aligners as bleaching trays. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applied Sciences in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)

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