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Biomaterials Research in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry
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Biomaterials Research in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 8356

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Zohaib Khurshid

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Prosthodontics and Dental Implantology, College of Dentistry, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
2. Center of Excellence for Regenerative Dentistry, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
Interests: dental biomaterials; oral tissue engineering; bone cements; bone implants; oral antimicrobial peptides; biosensors; oral fluids proteomics; implant dentistry; dental education; bioactive glasses; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sompop Bencharit

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Office of Oral Health Innovation, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
Interests: digital dentistry; guided implant surgery; structural biology; protein structure; salivary biomarkers; salivary proteomics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jithendra Ratnayake

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
Interests: biomaterials; regenerative medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Butt Faaz Ahmad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Materials Engineering Department, NED University of engineering and technology, Karachi-75270, Pakistan
Interests: biomaterials; medical devices; surface characterization; bone tissue engineering, and dental materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterials stimulate tissue repair and regeneration in bone and tissue regeneration procedures. These biomaterials should be bioactive, biodegradable, bioresorbable, and biocompatible. There are many other property aspects of biomaterials to be considered prior to introduction into the human body, including mechanical, physical, optical, and chemical properties. In addition, biomaterials must also be optimized according to the oral micro- and macro-environment in order to be relevant to clinical uses. With the help of the latest technologies, such as CAD-CAM, additive manufacturing, laser sintering, bioprinting, stem cells, and nanotechnology, among others, material scientists can in theory design and develop biomaterials that are close to ideal to improve oral health and clinical dentistry. In this Special Issue, we are inviting researchers/academicians to submit original full papers, communications, and comprehensive reviews describing the latest progress in biomaterial developments, improvement, and modifications, as well as sustainability and safety aspects of biomaterials. Emphasis will be placed on biomaterials with low energy cost production and easily recyclable biomaterial for dental applications, including but not limited to periodontal regenerations, prosthodontic applications, dentin and dental pulp regeneration, orthodontics, dental adhesives, and dental implants (including design, surface coating, and surface modification). 

Dr. Zohaib Khurshid
Dr. Sompop Bencharit
Dr. Jithendra Ratnayake
Dr. Butt Faaz Ahmad
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • biocompatibility
  • immune response
  • foreign body reaction
  • biodegradation
  • surgical implants
  • cytocompatibility
  • materials functionalization
  • bone regeneration
  • growth factors
  • cell/tissue–biomaterials interaction
  • molecular mechanisms
  • additive manufacturing
  • 3D printing
  • laser-assisted surface modification

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4369 KiB  
Article
Biomechanical Investigation of Bone Screw Head Design for Extracting Stripped Screw Heads: Integration of Mechanical Tests and Finite Element Analyses
by Kinda Khalaf, Arash Azhang, Chih-Hsiu Cheng and Mohammad Nikkhoo
Materials 2023, 16(15), 5470; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16155470 - 4 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1252
Abstract
Enhancing the design of bone screw head sockets to prevent stripping and improve the torque required for smooth unscrewing is a significant challenge in orthopedic applications. This research aims to establish a quantitative methodology by integrating mechanical testing with finite element (FE) simulations [...] Read more.
Enhancing the design of bone screw head sockets to prevent stripping and improve the torque required for smooth unscrewing is a significant challenge in orthopedic applications. This research aims to establish a quantitative methodology by integrating mechanical testing with finite element (FE) simulations to determine a safe limitation depth for the screwdriver when engaging with the hexagonal socket, thus avoiding stripped screw heads. A FE model was developed to investigate the biomechanical responses of the screw head design. Five custom-made hexagonal sockets were manufactured, and single load torsional tests were conducted to assess the mechanical performance of the screws and drivers. The results from the mechanical tests were compared with the FE simulations, demonstrating a close agreement and confirming the model’s validity. Furthermore, additional FE models were created to study the impact of manufacturing tolerances on the socket width and screwdriver width. The findings revealed that the maximum torque to failure for the four designs was lower than the margins specified in ISO 6475. Additionally, increasing the depth of the screwdriver led to higher maximum torque values. This research suggests that the technique of screw insertion, specifically the depth of the driver tool within the screw socket, holds greater importance in preventing stripped screw heads than the design and manufacturing width of the bone screw’s hexagonal socket and screwdriver. This confirms the importance of screwdriver engagement inside the bone screw socket to prevent stripped screw heads and sheds light on the added value of maximum torque prediction for future design modifications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Research in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)
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12 pages, 2001 KiB  
Article
The Effect of 10% Carbamide Peroxide Dental Bleaching on the Physical Properties of Invisalign Aligners: An In Vitro Study
by Majd Khashashneh, Jithendra Ratnayake, Joanne Jung Eun Choi, Li Mei, Karl Lyons and Paul Brunton
Materials 2023, 16(11), 4125; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16114125 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1669
Abstract
The high aesthetic demands of patients have increased their requests to align their teeth using clear aligners, including Invisalign. Patients also want to have their teeth whitened for the same purpose; the use of Invisalign as a bleaching tray at night has been [...] Read more.
The high aesthetic demands of patients have increased their requests to align their teeth using clear aligners, including Invisalign. Patients also want to have their teeth whitened for the same purpose; the use of Invisalign as a bleaching tray at night has been reported in few studies. However, whether 10% carbamide peroxide affects the physical properties of Invisalign is unknown. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10% carbamide peroxide on the physical properties of Invisalign when used as a bleaching tray at night. Twenty-two unused Invisalign aligners (Santa Clara, CA, USA) were used to prepare 144 specimens to test their tensile strength, hardness, surface roughness, and translucency. The specimens were divided into four groups: a testing group at baseline (TG1), a testing group after application of bleaching material at 37 °C for 2 weeks (TG2), a control group at baseline (CG1), and a control group after immersion in distilled water at 37 °C for 2 weeks (CG2). Statistical analysis was conducted using a paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, independent samples t-test, and Mann–Whitney test to compare samples in CG2 to CG1, TG2 to TG1, and TG2 to CG2. Statistical analysis showed no statistically significant difference between the groups for all physical properties, except for hardness (p-value < 0.001) and surface roughness (p-value = 0.007 and p-value < 0.001 for the internal and external surface roughness, respectively), which revealed a reduction in hardness values (from 4.43 ± 0.86 N/mm2 to 2.2 ± 0.29 N/mm2) and an increase in surface roughness (from 1.6 ± 0.32 Ra to 1.93 ± 0.28 Ra and from 0.58 ± 0.12 Ra to 0.68 ± 0.13 Ra for the internal and external surface roughness, respectively) after 2 weeks of dental bleaching. Results showed that Invisalign can be used for dental bleaching without excessive distortion or degradation of the aligner material. However, future clinical trials are required to further assess the feasibility of using Invisalign for dental bleaching. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Research in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)
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13 pages, 5529 KiB  
Article
Comparative Osteogenesis and Degradation Behavior of Magnesium Implant in Epiphysis and Diaphysis of the Long Bone in the Rat Model
by Nhat Tien Tran, Yu-Kyoung Kim, Seo-Young Kim, Min-Ho Lee and Kwang-Bok Lee
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5630; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165630 - 16 Aug 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2410
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg), as a biodegradable material, is a promising candidate for orthopedic surgery. Long-bone fractures usually occur in cancellous-bone-rich epiphysis at each end or the cortical-rich diaphysis in the center, with different bone healing processes. Little is known about the differences in results [...] Read more.
Magnesium (Mg), as a biodegradable material, is a promising candidate for orthopedic surgery. Long-bone fractures usually occur in cancellous-bone-rich epiphysis at each end or the cortical-rich diaphysis in the center, with different bone healing processes. Little is known about the differences in results between the two regions when applying Mg implants. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the biodegradation and osteogenesis of Mg implants in a rat model’s epiphysis and diaphysis of the long bone. Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats underwent Mg rod implantation in the distal femoral epiphyses and tibial diaphyses. Every three weeks for up to twelve weeks, degradation behavior, gas evolution, and new bone formation were measured by micro CT. Histomorphology was analyzed by Hematoxylin and Eosin, Villanueva bone staining, and TRAP staining for osteoclastogenesis evaluations. Micro-CT analysis showed statistically significant higher new bone formation in the epiphysis group than in the diaphysis group, which correlated with a lower gas volume. Histological analysis showed higher osseointegration of Mg implants in the epiphyseal region than in the diaphyseal region. The magnesium implant’s osteoclastogenesis-inhibiting properties were shown in the surrounding areas in both the cortical bone of the diaphysis and the cancellous bone of the epiphysis. Our findings show the differences in the magnesium implant’s osteogenesis and biodegradation in the epiphysis and the diaphysis. These dissimilarities indicate a better response of the epiphyseal region to the Mg implants, a promising biomaterial for orthopedic surgery applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Research in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)
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20 pages, 3808 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Effect of Component Ratio Imbalances on Selected Mechanical Properties of Seasoned, Medium Viscosity Bone Cements
by Jakub Szabelski, Robert Karpiński, Przemysław Krakowski, Mariusz Jojczuk, Józef Jonak and Adam Nogalski
Materials 2022, 15(16), 5577; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15165577 - 13 Aug 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 1932
Abstract
The paper presents the results of experimental strength tests of specimens made of two commercially available bone cements subjected to compression, that is a typical variant of load of this material during use in the human body, after it has been used for [...] Read more.
The paper presents the results of experimental strength tests of specimens made of two commercially available bone cements subjected to compression, that is a typical variant of load of this material during use in the human body, after it has been used for implantation of prostheses or supplementation of bone defects. One of the factors analysed in detail was the duration of cement seasoning in Ringer’s solution that simulates the aggressive environment of the human body and material degradation caused by it. The study also focused on the parameters of quantitative deviation from the recommended proportions of liquid (MMA monomer, accelerator and stabiliser) and powder (PMMA prepolymer and initiator) components, i.e., unintentional inaccuracy of component proportioning at the stage of cement mass preparation. Statistical analysis has shown the influence of these factors on the decrease in compressive strength of the cements studied, which may be of significant importance in operational practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials Research in Oral Health and Clinical Dentistry)
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