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Crystals
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Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays
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Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystal Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 December 2021) | Viewed by 37707

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Sakurai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
Dr. Kosuke Suzuki

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
Interests: Electronic structure of energy materials; Compton scattering technique

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

An energy spectrum of Compton scattered X-rays probes an electron momentum distribution in a material. The electron momentum distribution reflects the wavefunction in momentum, which is a Fourier transform of wavefunction in real space. Because wavefunction has the same symmetry in both the real space and momentum space, the Compton scattering experiment probes the Fermi surface and/or shape of chemical bonding in momentum space. In other words, the Compton scattering experiment probes quantum state imaging in momentum space.

Compton scattering experiments have played a role in catching quantum states, where the characteristic properties of material occur, for double perovskite manganite, high-temperature super conductor, dense Kondo materials, and so on. Recently, quantum-state imaging in momentum space for cathode materials of a Li-ion battery has been reported, which suggests possible directions for material design to achieve high capacity and long battery life.

Recent progress in synchrotron facilities has made it possible to use polarization controlled X-rays. Compton scattering experiments with circularly polarized X-rays, often called magnetic Compton scattering, probe spin resolved quantum states in a material. Quantum states, which occur perpendicular to magnetic anisotropy, have been reported for nanostructured multilayer by magnetic Compton scattering experiments. Furthermore, spin/orbital specific magnetic hysteresis curve, element specific magnetic hysteresis curve, and magnetic quantum number specific magnetic hysteresis curve measurements by magnetic Compton scattering experiments have been reported for perpendicular, magnetic recording materials, and spintronics materials.

Recently, Li-ion reaction distribution imaging in real space for commercial Li-ion batteries has been reported by Compton scattering experiments as a novel non-destructive test (NDT) technique. This activity may open “chemical state imaging” in operando.

This volume will cover recent research on Compton scattering X-ray applications.

Prof. Dr. Hiroshi Sakurai
Dr. Kosuke Suzuki
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Compton scattering
  • quantum state imaging
  • electron momentum distribution
  • Fermi surface
  • magnetic Compton scattering
  • Li-ion battery

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 3366 KiB  
Article
Non-Destructive Analysis of a High-Power Capacitor Using High-Energy X-ray Compton Scattering
by Kosuke Suzuki, Kodai Takano, Shunta Suzuki, Hirotaka Hanawa, Naruki Tsuji, Tomoya Ando, Kazushi Hoshi, Yoshihiro Minato, Shuichi Ishimoto, Yoshiharu Sakurai and Hiroshi Sakurai
Crystals 2022, 12(6), 824; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12060824 - 10 Jun 2022
Viewed by 1910
Abstract
Changes in the internal state of a high-power capacitor during progressive charge–discharge cycling were measured non-destructively using high-energy synchrotron X-ray Compton scattering. The stacked structure of a laminated capacitor was clearly indicated by a Compton scattered X-ray intensity analysis and a line shape [...] Read more.
Changes in the internal state of a high-power capacitor during progressive charge–discharge cycling were measured non-destructively using high-energy synchrotron X-ray Compton scattering. The stacked structure of a laminated capacitor was clearly indicated by a Compton scattered X-ray intensity analysis and a line shape (S-parameter) analysis of a Compton scattered X-ray energy spectrum. Moreover, apparent differences in the progress of charge and discharge cycles were observed in the correlation between Compton scattered X-ray intensities and S-parameters obtained from the center and edge positions within the in-plane of the electrode. This difference in the correlation was obtained from the shifting of the stacked structure at the edge position, induced by the drift of the electrolyte material within the capacitor cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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8 pages, 2670 KiB  
Article
Symmetry of Wavefunction at the Interface of Fe/MgO Magnetic Tunneling Junction
by Hiroshi Sakurai, Manabu Takahashi, Kosuke Suzuki, Takuro Tamura, Satoshi Homma, Naruki Tsuji and Yoshiharu Sakurai
Crystals 2022, 12(5), 690; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst12050690 - 12 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1587
Abstract
We measured the anisotropy of Magnetic Compton profiles (MCP) in the Fe/MgO multilayers and compared it with band structure calculations. At the Fe/MgO interface, the |m| = 1 state in the minority band is suppressed, which in turn promotes the spin-polarized [...] Read more.
We measured the anisotropy of Magnetic Compton profiles (MCP) in the Fe/MgO multilayers and compared it with band structure calculations. At the Fe/MgO interface, the |m| = 1 state in the minority band is suppressed, which in turn promotes the spin-polarized occupation of the |m| = 1 state. At the Fe/FeO interface of intentionally oxidized Fe/MgO multilayers, the occupations of the magnetic quantum number are almost equal (spherical) in the majority band and minority band, and therefore, the spin-polarization occupancy is also almost equal (spherical). These results contribute to the material design for MTJs as high-performance spintronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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8 pages, 1901 KiB  
Article
Temperature and Chemical Reaction Distribution of a Laminar Diffusion Flame Measured by X-ray Compton Scattering
by Hiroshi Sakurai, Naruki Tsuji, Yoshio Zama, Kosuke Suzuki, Kazushi Hoshi, Daisuke Hiramoto, Yoshiharu Sakurai and Tomohiko Furuhata
Crystals 2021, 11(7), 787; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11070787 - 6 Jul 2021
Viewed by 1948
Abstract
A laminar diffusion flame was measured by X-ray Compton scattering. The temperature distribution was measured from an analysis of Compton scattered X-ray intensity. The chemical state distribution was obtained from a Compton scattered X-ray spectrum analysis (s-parameter analysis). The analysis of intensity and [...] Read more.
A laminar diffusion flame was measured by X-ray Compton scattering. The temperature distribution was measured from an analysis of Compton scattered X-ray intensity. The chemical state distribution was obtained from a Compton scattered X-ray spectrum analysis (s-parameter analysis). The analysis of intensity and s-parameter of Compton scattered X-ray spectra indicate that the propane molecule emitted from the cylindrical Bunsen burner collapse immediately coincides with soot generation. Furthermore, the temperature increases up to 1500 K and a large amount of CO2 was generated at the combustion field. Our results show that the Compton scattered X-ray analysis can be a novel nondestructive measurement for temperature and chemical states in a combustion reaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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6 pages, 1660 KiB  
Article
Effect on Compton Scattering Spectra by Hermite–Gaussian Light
by Akane Agui, Hiroshi Sakurai, Naruki Tsuji, Haruka Ito and Kiyofumi Nitta
Crystals 2021, 11(6), 650; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060650 - 8 Jun 2021
Viewed by 3213
Abstract
In this study, we measured the Compton scattering spectra of Al, Ag and Au metals changing the harmonic order of X-rays from an undulator. The width of the Compton scattered X-ray spectrum changed depending on the harmonic order of X-rays. This indicates that [...] Read more.
In this study, we measured the Compton scattering spectra of Al, Ag and Au metals changing the harmonic order of X-rays from an undulator. The width of the Compton scattered X-ray spectrum changed depending on the harmonic order of X-rays. This indicates that Compton scattering spectra shape reflects a momentum perpendicular to the traveling direction in Hermite–Gaussian (HG) light. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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14 pages, 732 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Reconstruction Strategy for Compton Scattering Tomography with Scintillation Crystals
by Lorenz Kuger and Gael Rigaud
Crystals 2021, 11(6), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060641 - 4 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3225
Abstract
The recent development of energy-resolved scintillation crystals opens the way to build novel imaging concepts based on the variable energy. Among them, Compton scattering tomography (CST) is one of the most ambitious concepts. Akin to Computerized Tomography (CT), it consists in probing the [...] Read more.
The recent development of energy-resolved scintillation crystals opens the way to build novel imaging concepts based on the variable energy. Among them, Compton scattering tomography (CST) is one of the most ambitious concepts. Akin to Computerized Tomography (CT), it consists in probing the attenuation map of an object of interest using external ionizing sources but strives to exploit the scattered radiation as an imaging agent. For medical applications, the scattered radiation represents 70 to 80% when the energy of the source is larger than 100 keV and results from the Compton effect. This phenomenon stands for the collision of a photon with an electron and rules the change of course and loss of energy undergone by the photon. In this article, we propose a modeling for the scattered radiation assuming polychromatic sources such as 60Co and scintillation crystals such as LBC:Ce. Further, we design a general strategy for reconstructing the electron density of the target specimen. Our results are illustrated for toy objects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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7 pages, 411 KiB  
Article
Magnetic Compton Scattering on Sr-Doped LaCoO3
by Yoshihiko Kobayashi, Naruki Tsuji and Yoshiharu Sakurai
Crystals 2021, 11(6), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11060577 - 21 May 2021
Viewed by 1699
Abstract
We carried out magnetic Compton scattering experiments on the Sr-doped perovskite cobaltite La1−xSrxCoO3 for the paramagnetic insulator (x = 0.1) and the ferromagnetic metallic (x = 0.3) phases in order to investigate the electron-orbital state [...] Read more.
We carried out magnetic Compton scattering experiments on the Sr-doped perovskite cobaltite La1−xSrxCoO3 for the paramagnetic insulator (x = 0.1) and the ferromagnetic metallic (x = 0.3) phases in order to investigate the electron-orbital state relevant to its unusual magnetic and electronic transport properties. The ratio of the orbital moments to the spin moments (Morbital/Mspin) is less than 1/10 at low temperatures for x = 0.3, whereas Morbital/Mspin is about 0.4 almost independent of temperature for x = 0.1. The shape of Jmag(pz) shows no apparent difference between the paramagnetic insulator and the ferromagnetic metallic phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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9 pages, 1343 KiB  
Article
Signatures of the Carrier Envelope Phase in Nonlinear Thomson Scattering
by Marcel Ruijter, Vittoria Petrillo, Thomas C. Teter, Maksim Valialshchikov and Sergey Rykovanov
Crystals 2021, 11(5), 528; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050528 - 10 May 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1965
Abstract
High-energy radiation can be generated by colliding a relativistic electron bunch with a high-intensity laser pulse—a process known as Thomson scattering. In the nonlinear regime the emitted radiation contains harmonics. For a laser pulse whose length is comparable to its wavelength, the carrier [...] Read more.
High-energy radiation can be generated by colliding a relativistic electron bunch with a high-intensity laser pulse—a process known as Thomson scattering. In the nonlinear regime the emitted radiation contains harmonics. For a laser pulse whose length is comparable to its wavelength, the carrier envelope phase changes the behavior of the motion of the electron and therefore the radiation spectrum. Here we show theoretically and numerically the dependency of the spectrum on the intensity of the laser and the carrier envelope phase. Additionally, we also discuss what experimental parameters are required to measure the effects for a beamed pulse. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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12 pages, 7255 KiB  
Article
Calcite Nanocrystals Investigated Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
by Varsha Singh, Anil Kumar Paidi, Cheol-Hwee Shim, So-Hee Kim, Sung-Ok Won, Jitendra Pal Singh, Sangsul Lee and Keun-Hwa Chae
Crystals 2021, 11(5), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050490 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2460
Abstract
For the present work, calcite nanocrystals were grown by annealing precursors at 500 °C. These precursors were obtained by three different thermal schemes. Among these schemes, two involve heating at 100 °C for 16 h and 16 + 24 h, respectively. In the [...] Read more.
For the present work, calcite nanocrystals were grown by annealing precursors at 500 °C. These precursors were obtained by three different thermal schemes. Among these schemes, two involve heating at 100 °C for 16 h and 16 + 24 h, respectively. In the third scheme, heating was performed at 100 °C for 16 h, followed by annealing at 300 °C for 24 h. X-ray diffraction studies, followed by Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies, exhibited the formation of calcite phase of calcium carbonate. Transmission electron microscopy showed that particle sizes of synthesized calcite nanocrystals were in the range of 25–40 nm. Onsets of shape change were also observed with different thermal schemes, using these measurements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy envisaged that the coordination numbers of Ca-O and Ca-Ca shell were not influenced by the thermal schemes; however, bond lengths of these shells were modified. This study in the near edge region evidenced the manifestation of a local electronic structure of calcite when kept in an open environment, depending upon different thermal schemes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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9 pages, 832 KiB  
Article
On the Usage of Tapered Undulators in the Measurement of Interference in the Intensity-Dependent Electron Mass Shift
by Maksim A. Valialshchikov, Marcel Ruijter and Sergey G. Rykovanov
Crystals 2021, 11(5), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050486 - 26 Apr 2021
Viewed by 1912
Abstract
In nonlinear Thomson scattering, the main emission line and its harmonics form a band-like structure due to the laser pulse shape induced ponderomotive broadening. We propose to use tapered undulators to mimic Thomson scattering and measure the intensity-dependent electron mass shift experimentally. We [...] Read more.
In nonlinear Thomson scattering, the main emission line and its harmonics form a band-like structure due to the laser pulse shape induced ponderomotive broadening. We propose to use tapered undulators to mimic Thomson scattering and measure the intensity-dependent electron mass shift experimentally. We also numerically show that the effect is observable for realistic electron beams like in DESY or SKIF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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Review

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21 pages, 746 KiB  
Review
An Overview of the Compton Scattering Calculation
by Chen-Kai Qiao, Jian-Wei Wei and Lin Chen
Crystals 2021, 11(5), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11050525 - 10 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 16221
Abstract
The Compton scattering process plays significant roles in atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics and material science. It could provide useful information on the electromagnetic interaction between light and matter. Several aspects of many-body physics, such us electronic structures, electron [...] Read more.
The Compton scattering process plays significant roles in atomic and molecular physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics and material science. It could provide useful information on the electromagnetic interaction between light and matter. Several aspects of many-body physics, such us electronic structures, electron momentum distributions, many-body interactions of bound electrons, etc., can be revealed by Compton scattering experiments. In this work, we give a review of ab initio calculation of Compton scattering process. Several approaches, including the free electron approximation (FEA), impulse approximation (IA), incoherent scattering function/incoherent scattering factor (ISF) and scattering matrix (SM) are focused on in this work. The main features and available ranges for these approaches are discussed. Furthermore, we also briefly introduce the databases and applications for Compton scattering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spectroscopy and Imaging of Compton Scattering X-rays)
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