Journal Description
Dentistry Journal
Dentistry Journal
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on dentistry published monthly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, ESCI (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine) / CiteScore - Q2 (General Dentistry)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 26.2 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 3.6 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
Impact Factor:
2.5 (2023)
Latest Articles
Assessing the Management and Evaluation of Impacted Wisdom Teeth in a Dental Teaching Hospital
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020069 (registering DOI) - 3 Feb 2025
Abstract
Background: Untreated impacted wisdom teeth can lead to complications, including delayed healing and inferior alveolar nerve damage. Delayed management is further complicated by age-related comorbidities. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the management of impacted wisdom teeth in a teaching dental
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Background: Untreated impacted wisdom teeth can lead to complications, including delayed healing and inferior alveolar nerve damage. Delayed management is further complicated by age-related comorbidities. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the management of impacted wisdom teeth in a teaching dental hospital and identify challenges faced by dental care providers. Materials and Methods: A retrospective radiographic study was conducted using data from electronic medical records and panoramic radiographs of patients. Independent variables included demographics and clinical details of wisdom teeth, such as type and presence of impaction, associated pathology, nerve proximity, second molar resorption, and extraction difficulty. The study assessed the evaluation of dental care provider practices in managing impacted wisdom teeth. Chi-square tests analyzed relationships between management type, provider level, and extraction difficulty. Results: Data from 270 panoramic radiographs and dental records were analyzed. Most cases were not managed (n = 216, 80%), irrespective of extraction difficulty or care provider level (undergraduate vs. graduate). There was no significant association between care provider levels and the type of management or between impaction difficulty and management type (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings highlight a lack of proper evaluation and management of impacted wisdom teeth, regardless of the provider’s experience. In hospital settings, all care providers should ensure the timely evaluation and management of impacted wisdom teeth to prevent complications.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacted Teeth: Biological Heritage or Clinical Limit?)
Open AccessArticle
Is the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) a Single or Two Construct Measure? A Theoretical and Pragmatic Perspective
by
Gerald M. Humphris and Jonathan T. Newton
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020068 (registering DOI) - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: The MDAS questionnaire is one of a number of scales available to assess dental anxiety. It is widely used and translated into many world languages; however, it lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to the content and structure of the measure. This paper
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Background: The MDAS questionnaire is one of a number of scales available to assess dental anxiety. It is widely used and translated into many world languages; however, it lacks an explicit theoretical backdrop to the content and structure of the measure. This paper draws upon original expositions of dental anxiety: how it develops, is maintained, and how this draws attention to a re-evaluation of the measure. To assist this inspection it was proposed to investigate a two latent construct formulation through a stepwise analysis using data from a representative survey of English respondents on their oral health (the Adult Dental Health Survey). Aim: To present a brief theoretical framework to underpin the measure and, as part of this study’s objectives, to provide some evidence to support the measure’s potential two-construct structure. Method: Narrative review, structural equation modelling, and testing of specific associations to indicate a two latent construct formulation. Data included the MDAS items (where items 1 and 2 comprise the anticipatory subscale, and items 3 to 5 describe the treatment-related subscale). These items were completed by the representative sample of respondents from the most recent Adult Dental Health Survey conducted in 2009. Results: The two latent construct solution for describing dental anxiety was supported. The anticipated and treatment-related subscales could be discriminated, although they were strongly correlated, demonstrating overlap. Comparison of how each construct varied across the three age groups suggests an interesting heterogeneity. In addition, the two constructs behaved differently when acknowledging previous experience of respondents’ last dental visit. Anticipatory dental anxiety was more strongly related to oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) than treatment-related dental anxiety as predicted. This partial evidence from empirical data and previous reports in other studies suggests that the separation of the MDAS measure into the two subscales may be warranted. Discussion: Researchers are recommended to report not only the total score of the MDAS in their studies but also consider presenting the two subscale scores, namely, anticipatory and treatment-related dental anxiety. Further work is indicated to determine if clinicians may find the subscales of use when assessing their patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue A Commemorative Issue of the Work of Prof. Dr. Ruth Freeman)
Open AccessArticle
Mechanical Behaviour of Orthodontic Auxiliary Photopolymerisable Resins in Simulated Oral Conditions: An In Vitro Study
by
Riccardo Favero, Tommaso Zanetti, Vincenzo Tosco, Riccardo Monterubbianesi and Andrea Volpato
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 67; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020067 - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: The widespread adoption of clear aligners in orthodontic practice has driven the development of biomechanical devices to improve treatment efficiency. The mechanical properties of these materials play a critical role in determining their clinical performance and efficacy. This study investigates the Young’s
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Background: The widespread adoption of clear aligners in orthodontic practice has driven the development of biomechanical devices to improve treatment efficiency. The mechanical properties of these materials play a critical role in determining their clinical performance and efficacy. This study investigates the Young’s modulus of Clear-Blokker® (Scheu Dental), a photopolymerisable resin used for the attachment of clear aligner, and evaluates its mechanical behaviour under different curing times (5 s and 10 s) and environmental conditions (dry storage and immersion in artificial saliva at 37 °C). Methods: Forty-eight cylindrical specimens were prepared and subjected to quasistatic compression tests after 14 days. A multi-factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5% was performed to compare the variances. Results: The results showed that samples immersed in artificial saliva had significantly reduced Young’s moduli compared to samples stored in dry conditions (p = 0.0213), while no significant difference was observed between curing times. Conclusions: The results suggest that Clear-Blokker® has mechanical properties comparable to those of clear aligner materials, making it suitable as a biomechanical aid for orthodontic treatment. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm its long-term efficacy in the oral environment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Restorative Dentistry: Emerging Trends and Personalized Treatment Strategies for Optimal Patient Care)
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Open AccessReview
Treatments for Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Literature Review
by
Maurizio D’Amario, Giordano Foffo, Filippo Grilli, Mario Capogreco, Tommaso Pizzolante and Sofia Rastelli
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020066 - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This literature review aims to provide guidance on the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) based on studies published over the past 10 years. Methods: This study included randomized clinical trials involving human patients from 2013 and 2023, published in any language.
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Background/Objectives: This literature review aims to provide guidance on the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) based on studies published over the past 10 years. Methods: This study included randomized clinical trials involving human patients from 2013 and 2023, published in any language. The trials examined both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for aphthous lesions, mainly focusing on the adult population, with pain management as the primary outcome. The research was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and CINHAL databases. Results: Most of the 45 analyzed studies focused on non-pharmacological therapies, which led to positive results with minimal adverse effects or contraindications, even when compared to cortisone-based treatments. Laser therapy also showed excellent results, particularly in the immediate post-treatment period. Non-pharmacological therapies appeared to offer the best risk–benefit ratio for patients suffering from RAS. Conclusions: Treatment should be individualized based on the patient’s specific form of RAS, and laser therapy can be used either as a standalone treatment or as an adjunct to other treatments considered in the review.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Oral Health Management and Disease Treatment)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Impact of Molar Distalization with Clear Aligners on Periodontal Ligament Stress and Root Resorption Risk: A Systematic Review of 3D Finite Element Analysis Studies
by
Ava Nazeri, Jose A. Castillo, Jr. and Arash Ghaffari-Rafi
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020065 - 31 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Molar distalization with clear aligners is increasingly used for Class II malocclusions, yet the associated periodontal ligament (PDL) stress and potential root resorption risk remain unclear. Three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) provides insight into these factors, but variations in attachments and
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Background/Objectives: Molar distalization with clear aligners is increasingly used for Class II malocclusions, yet the associated periodontal ligament (PDL) stress and potential root resorption risk remain unclear. Three-dimensional finite element analysis (3D FEA) provides insight into these factors, but variations in attachments and anchorage strategies merit systematic evaluation. To determine whether molar distalization with clear aligners exceeds the PDL stress thresholds for root resorption and to assess how different attachments and anchorage methods influence stress distribution. Methods: In accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, four electronic databases were searched without language or date restrictions. Studies were included if they (1) employed 3D FEA, (2) analyzed PDL stress during aligner-based molar distalization, and (3) assessed root resorption risk or stress thresholds. Two reviewers independently screened and extracted data, yielding eight studies. Results: Attachments lowered PDL stress and distributed forces more evenly, reducing root resorption risk compared with no attachment cases. Micro-implants shifted stress to molars and protected anterior teeth; palatal mini-screws achieved greater distalization but higher stress, requiring caution, while buccal mini-screws showed lower stress in first premolar roots. Placing a mini-screw between first and second molars yielded the lowest, most uniform stress. Class II elastics—with precision cuts—demonstrated low compressive stress and improved anchorage, although some resorption risk persisted in maxillary anteriors. Conclusions: Clear aligner–based molar distalization can elevate PDL stress to potentially resorptive levels. Although attachments, micro-implants, and Class II elastics improve stress distribution and lessen root resorption risk, it is not fully eliminated. Careful, individualized treatment planning remains essential, and further clinical validation is needed to establish definitive guidelines.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
An In-Vitro Investigation into the Fracture Resistance of Prefabricated and Custom-Made Zirconia Crowns for Permanent Molars in Children
by
Thikrayat Bani-Hani, Rami S. Al-Fodeh, Ahed M. Al-Wahadni, Elham S. Abu-Alhaija and Mahmoud Al-Hakam
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 64; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020064 - 30 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: Recently, the demand for esthetic restorations has grown dramatically and extended into the pediatric population. The prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) and custom-made zirconia crowns (CZCs) are new esthetic options in pediatric dentistry. However, they are still inadequately tested for use in children.
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Background: Recently, the demand for esthetic restorations has grown dramatically and extended into the pediatric population. The prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs) and custom-made zirconia crowns (CZCs) are new esthetic options in pediatric dentistry. However, they are still inadequately tested for use in children. Aim: To determine the fracture resistance and failure mode of the PZC in comparison to the CZC. Materials and methods: In this in-vitro study, thirty cobalt-chromium dies were fabricated by scanning the negative replica of a prefabricated lower first permanent molar zirconia crown. CZCs were designed and milled using two different zirconia brands: Ceramill Zolid-FX (FX) and the Highly-Translucent (HT) zirconia. Dies were randomly assigned to receive either a PZC or a CZC (n = 10 in each group). All crowns were cemented on their respective dies using glass ionomer cement. Following artificial aging, all specimens were loaded to failure. Fracture mode analysis was performed. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test were used for multiple comparisons across the groups. The significant level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: HT zirconia had a significantly higher fracture load compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The mean fracture resistance values were: (3087 ± 385) N for HT zirconia, (2633 ± 300)N for PZCs, and (2483 ± 381)N for FX, with no statistically significant difference in fracture strengths between PZCs and FX. Conclusion: HT zirconia crowns showed the highest fracture resistance amongst all groups. The fracture loads of tested crowns exceeded the maximum posterior biteforce. When placed in permanent molars, PZC are expected to perform well under masticatory forces in children.
Full article
Open AccessArticle
A Survey of Physicians’ Knowledge and Practices Towards Oral Appliance Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment
by
Chaniporn Ananwattananon, Supatchai Boonpratham, Yodhathai Satravaha, Chaiyapol Chaweewannakorn and Supakit Peanchitlertkajorn
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020063 - 30 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: Oral appliance therapy (OAT) is an effective treatment alternative for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Understanding physicians’ knowledge and practices regarding OAT is crucial for improving OSA treatment, particularly in Southeast Asia, where there is limited research on this topic. Objectives: This study
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Background: Oral appliance therapy (OAT) is an effective treatment alternative for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Understanding physicians’ knowledge and practices regarding OAT is crucial for improving OSA treatment, particularly in Southeast Asia, where there is limited research on this topic. Objectives: This study sought to survey physicians’ knowledge and practices regarding OAT for OSA treatment. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among Thai physicians attending the annual Sleep Society of Thailand meeting. The questionnaire included questions on demographics (six items), educational background (four items), OAT knowledge (two items), indications (three items), effectiveness (seven items), referral practices (five items), treatment planning (eight items), and the importance of OAT education (one item). Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using SPSS to assess differences in knowledge and referral practices across various demographics. Results: This study achieved a response rate of 51.7% (30/58), with the respondents averaging 37.8 ± 6.0 years in age and 13.7 ± 6.7 years in practice. Although over 66.7% of the respondents recognized OAT’s effectiveness and understood its indications, only 36.7% regularly prescribed OAT, and 57.7% referred patients to specific dentists. Knowledge and referral practices differed significantly based on years of practice and postgraduate training in sleep medicine. Physicians with 11–20 years of practice demonstrated higher pediatric OAT knowledge scores compared to those with less experience. Those with postgraduate training achieved higher adult OAT knowledge scores and had greater referral experience. Conclusions: Despite the general awareness and good knowledge of OAT among physicians, clinical use and referral rates remain low. To bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, it is recommended that postgraduate training in dental sleep medicine is promoted and further research is conducted to identify barriers to the adoption of OAT.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Oral Health Management and Disease Treatment)
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Open AccessArticle
Home Efficacy of a Postbiotic-Based Gel Compared with a Gel Without Active Ingredients for the Treatment of Gingival Inflammation in Patients with Down Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study
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Andrea Scribante, Paolo Appendino, Carolina Maiorani, Paolo Fontanarosa, Maurizio Pascadopoli, Sara Cammisuli, Basmala Azouz, Simone Buttiglieri and Andrea Butera
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020062 - 30 Jan 2025
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this six-month randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-surgical periodontal treatment combined with the use of an active gel compared to a non-surgical treatment alone in reducing inflammatory indices in periodontal patients with Down syndrome.
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Objectives: The aim of this six-month randomized controlled study was to evaluate the efficacy of a non-surgical periodontal treatment combined with the use of an active gel compared to a non-surgical treatment alone in reducing inflammatory indices in periodontal patients with Down syndrome. Methods: A total of 40 patients were included in the study, 20 of which were assigned to the active group and 20 to the control group. The active group underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment supplemented by daily home application of an intensive soothing gel containing probiotics. The control group received non-surgical periodontal treatment combined with the application of a gel without active ingredients. The following clinical indices were assessed: Bleeding on Probing (BOP %), Plaque Control Record (PCR %), Mobility (Miller Index), and Modified Marginal Gingival Index (MGI). Measurements were taken at baseline (T0), one month after treatment initiation (T1), after three months (T2), and after six months (T3). The patient compliance was evaluated at each visit, and product satisfaction was assessed through a questionnaire using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: By the end of the study, statistically significant improvements were observed in both the groups from T0 to T3 evaluation (p < 0.05). The BOP score was significantly lower in the Trial group at the T3 intergroup evaluation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A soothing gel with postbiotic and natural compounds was a valuable adjunct to non-surgical periodontal treatment to improve periodontal health in patients with Down syndrome, reducing BOP after 6 months of treatment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)
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Open AccessArticle
Study of Podoplanin-Deficient Mouse Bone with Mechanical Stress
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Takenori Kanai, Kyoko Osawa, Koichiro Kajiwara, Yoshiaki Sato and Yoshihiko Sawa
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020061 - 29 Jan 2025
Abstract
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Objective: We investigated morphological differences in osteocyte processes between aged mice and our original podoplanin-conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which the floxed exon 3 of podoplanin was deleted by Dmp-1-driven Cre (Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ). Methods: SEM observation on osteocyte cell process, histochemistry for bone remodeling
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Objective: We investigated morphological differences in osteocyte processes between aged mice and our original podoplanin-conditional knockout (cKO) mice in which the floxed exon 3 of podoplanin was deleted by Dmp-1-driven Cre (Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ). Methods: SEM observation on osteocyte cell process, histochemistry for bone remodeling with mechanostress, and RT-PCR for RANKL and M-CSF in podoplanin cKO mouse bone with mechanostress was investigated. Results: SEM observations showed fewer and thinner osteocyte processes in femurs from 23-week-old Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ mice than from 23-week-old wild-type mice, while the numbers of osteocyte processes in femurs and calvarias were similar in 23-week-old Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ mice and 48-week-old wild-type mice. Furthermore, cell process numbers in femurs and calvarias were significantly smaller in 23-week-old Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ mice than in 48-week-old wild-type mice. In the test for differences in alveolar bone resorption under mechanical stress between Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ and wild-type mice, the area of TRAP-positive resorption pits was larger in wild-type mice than in Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ mice. In a quantitative tissue PCR analysis, the mRNA expression levels of RANKL and M-CSF in alveolar bone under mechanical stress were significantly lower in Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ mice than in wild-type mice. These results suggest that a reduction in cell process formation in osteocytes with podoplanin cKO affected the absorption of alveolar bone under mechanical stress in Dmp1-Cre;PdpnΔ/Δ mice. Conclusions: In podoplanin-deficient bone, the deformation of osteocyte processes by mechanical stimuli is not recognized as a stress due to the lower number of cell processes with podoplanin deficiency; therefore, the production of osteoclast migration/differentiation factors by activated osteocytes is not fully induced and macrophage migration to alveolar bone with mechanical stress appeared to be suppressed. These results indicate that podoplanin-dependent osteocyte process formation indirectly plays a key role in sensing mechanical stress in bone.
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Open AccessArticle
Pathophysiological Responses of Oral Keratinocytes After Exposure to Flavored E-Cigarette Liquids
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Abrar Shamim, Hannah Herzog, Raivat Shah, Sara Pecorelli, Virginia Nisbet, Ann George, Giancarlo A. Cuadra and Dominic L. Palazzolo
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020060 - 29 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) have grown in popularity, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Flavored ECIG-liquids (E-liquids) are aerosolized by these ECIGs and inhaled into the respiratory system. Several studies have shown detrimental effects of E-liquids in airway tissues, revealing that flavoring agents
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Background: Electronic cigarettes (ECIGs) have grown in popularity, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Flavored ECIG-liquids (E-liquids) are aerosolized by these ECIGs and inhaled into the respiratory system. Several studies have shown detrimental effects of E-liquids in airway tissues, revealing that flavoring agents may be the most irritating component. However, research on the effects of E-liquids on biological processes of the oral cavity, which is the first site of aerosol contact, is limited. Hence, this study focuses on the effects of E-liquid flavors on oral epithelial cells using the OKF6/TERT-2 cell line model. Methodology: E-liquid was prepared with and without flavors (tobacco, menthol, cinnamon, and strawberry). OKF6/TERT-2 oral epithelial cells, cultured at 37 °C and 5% CO2, were exposed to 1% E-liquid ± flavors for 24 h. Outcomes determined include cell morphology, media pH, wound healing capability, oxidative stress, expression of mucin and tight junction genes, glycoprotein release, and levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, and IL-8). Results: Exposure to 1% flavored E-liquids negatively affect cellular confluency, adherence, and morphology. E-liquids ± flavors, particularly cinnamon, increase oxidative stress and production of IL-8, curtail wound healing recovery, and decrease glycoprotein release. Gene expression of muc5b is downregulated after exposure to E-liquids. In contrast, E-liquids upregulate occludin and claudin-1. Conclusions: This study suggests that ECIG use is not without risk. Flavored E-liquids, particularly cinnamon, result in pathophysiological responses of OKF6/TERT-2 cells. The dysregulation of inflammatory responses and cellular biology induced by E-liquids may contribute to various oral pathologies.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities)
Open AccessSystematic Review
Orthodontic Management of Different Stages and Grades of Periodontitis According to the 2017 Classification of Periodontal Diseases
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Nada Tawfig Hashim, Shahistha Parveen Dasnadi, Hassan Ziada, Muhammed Mustahsen Rahman, Ayman Ahmed, Riham Mohammed, Md Sofiqul Islam, Rohan Mascarenhas, Bakri Gobara Gismalla and Neamat Hassan Abubakr
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 59; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020059 - 29 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The 2017 Periodontal Classification offers a comprehensive framework for the diagnosis and management of periodontitis based on staging and grading criteria. Orthodontic therapy is increasingly incorporated into the management of periodontitis to rectify malocclusion, pathological tooth migration, and occlusal stability. Nonetheless, few
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Background/Objectives: The 2017 Periodontal Classification offers a comprehensive framework for the diagnosis and management of periodontitis based on staging and grading criteria. Orthodontic therapy is increasingly incorporated into the management of periodontitis to rectify malocclusion, pathological tooth migration, and occlusal stability. Nonetheless, few data directly correspond with this revised classification scheme. The objective of this systematic review is to figure out the influence of orthodontic therapy on periodontal outcomes in patients with Stage III and IV periodontitis, as categorized by the 2017 framework. Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 principles. The databases examined were PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The evaluation focuses on research published from 2012 to 2024. Seventeen studies were assessed after the application of the inclusion criteria. Key outcomes included clinical attachment level (CAL) improvement, probing depth (PD) decrease, and radiographic bone fill. Results: The integration of orthodontic treatment with periodontal therapy markedly enhanced CAL (mean gain: 4.35–5.96 mm), decreased PD (mean reduction: 3.1–6.3 mm), and facilitated radiographic bone regeneration (mean vertical fill: 4.89 mm). Patients with Stage IV Grade C periodontitis had the most significant improvement, especially with early orthodontic intervention subsequent to regenerative treatment. Prolonged follow-ups (up to 10 years) validated consistent results. Conclusions: Orthodontic intervention, as a supplementary measure to periodontal therapy, improves results in severe periodontitis, especially in Stage III and IV patients. These results underscore the need for multidisciplinary teamwork and defined protocols for including orthodontics in periodontitis therapy.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal Health: Disease Prevention and Treatment)
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Open AccessArticle
Volumetric Evaluation of Alveolar Ridge Preservation Using Dense PTFE (d-PTFE) Membranes Intentionally Exposed to the Oral Cavity After Immediate Implant Placement—A Retrospective Study
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Ulisses R. C. Dayube, Thabet Asbi, Marcio Formiga, Eduardo Groisman, João Paulo Bortoli, Fernando G. Lima, Yaniv Mayer, Doron Haim, Isabelle Meinster, Eran Gabay and Jamil A. Shibli
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020058 - 27 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: Tooth loss causes alveolar bone resorption, which may hinder the ability of implant placement. Socket preservation with immediate implant placement is one of the methods used to reduce bone resorption. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the influence of the use of
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Background: Tooth loss causes alveolar bone resorption, which may hinder the ability of implant placement. Socket preservation with immediate implant placement is one of the methods used to reduce bone resorption. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the influence of the use of dense polytetrafluoroethylene (d-PTFE) membranes on alveolar preservation after tooth extraction and with the installation of immediate dental implants. Methods: In this retrospective study, one hundred and four patients were divided into two groups: immediate implant and gap filling with heterogenous bone graft (control group, 52 patients) or immediate implant, gap filling with heterogenous bone graft, and covering with a d-PTFE membrane with dimensions of 12 × 24 mm, which was intentionally left exposed to the oral cavity (test group, 52 patients). Tomographic data were obtained before and 12 months after the surgical procedures. Results: The membranes exposed in the oral cavity showed no infection. Volumetric analyses revealed a statistically significant difference in alveolar ridge resorption for the control and d-PTFE groups, 16.75% and 4.55%, respectively. Conclusions: Intentionally exposed d-PTFE membranes showed minimal complications. Based on the volumetric results, alveolar ridge preservation with d-PTFE membranes was superior to the bone graft alone in immediate implant placement.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Implantology and Bone Regeneration)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
Evaluation of the Efficacy of Corticotomy and Piezocision on Canine Retraction: A Systematic Review
by
Erica Lipani, Elisa Pisani, Mariagrazia Verrone, Federica Bitonto, Alessio Verdecchia and Enrico Spinas
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020057 - 27 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: In order to reduce the prolonged duration of orthodontic treatment, several surgical techniques have been proposed over the years. Corticotomy and piezocision are the two most widely used techniques, and, given the lack of consensus in the literature, along with the renewed
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Background: In order to reduce the prolonged duration of orthodontic treatment, several surgical techniques have been proposed over the years. Corticotomy and piezocision are the two most widely used techniques, and, given the lack of consensus in the literature, along with the renewed interest in these approaches in recent years, the primary objective of this study is to evaluate their effectiveness in accelerating canine retraction in patients requiring extraction of the upper first premolar and, as a secondary objective, to assess if there is a worsening of periodontal health and how the surgical approach is perceived by the patient. Methods: An electronic search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to 30 November 2024. The PRISMA statement was adopted for the realization of the review, and the Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias assessment tool (RoB 2) was used to assess the studies’ quality. Results: After full text assessment, fifteen randomized clinical trials (14 split mouth design, 1 single-blind, single-center design) covering 326 patients (mean age 20, 19 years) were included. The data collected reveal that corticotomy accelerates canine retraction by 1.5 to 4 times, while piezocision achieves retraction 1.5 to 2 times faster, making corticotomy the most effective technique. No statistically significant adverse effects on periodontal ligament, molar anchorage loss, or root resorption were observed following the two surgical techniques. In addition, patients reported experiencing mild to moderate pain. Conclusions: Corticotomy and piezocision are effective techniques for accelerating upper canine retraction in extraction cases, significantly reducing the overall duration of orthodontic treatment.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dentistry in the 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities)
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Open AccessArticle
Psychometric Analysis and Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Croatian Version of the Oral Health Values Scale (OHVS)
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Katarina Major Poljak, Ivana Barać, Ingrid Kovačević, Karla Rožac, Meri Reili, Robert Lovrić, Željko Mudri, Slavko Čandrlić and Marija Čandrlić
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020056 - 27 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: A person’s values regarding oral health significantly shape their related behaviors and habits. Therefore, it is essential to systematically study this relationship and create reliable tools to assess perceptions of oral health values, which can inform evidence-based interventions and policy decisions. This
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Background/Objectives: A person’s values regarding oral health significantly shape their related behaviors and habits. Therefore, it is essential to systematically study this relationship and create reliable tools to assess perceptions of oral health values, which can inform evidence-based interventions and policy decisions. This study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and validate the “Oral Health Values Scale” (OHVS) for use in the Croatian context. Methods: The process involved two key phases. First, an expert committee oversaw the translation to ensure consistency across all versions and produce a test-ready instrument. To identify any ambiguities in translation and test the instrument’s reliability, a pilot study with 40 participants was conducted. Once the expert committee confirmed content validity, the finalized OHVS was administered to a sample of 702 Croatian adults to evaluate its psychometric properties. Results: Factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure in the Croatian version, differing from the original four-factor model, with items from the “Retaining Natural Teeth” subscale distributed across two factors. Results demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α > 0.78) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.976, 95% CI: 0.955–0.987, p < 0.01), confirming the instrument’s reliability. Conclusions: These results confirm the OHVS-CRO as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing oral health values, offering valuable insights into the perspectives of Croatian populations. This validation study provides a foundation for future research, supports culturally tailored interventions, and highlights the potential for the OHVS to inform oral health research and policy development both locally and globally.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health)
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Summed Tissue Resistance of Periodontal Ligaments and Alveolar Bone in Orthodontic Distal Retraction of Maxillary Canines: Mathematical Simulation of Clinical Data and Interpretation of Results
by
Olimpia Bunta, Vlad Muresan, Dana Festila and Mihaela Baciut
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020055 - 27 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background: The mechanical properties of either alveolar bone or periodontal ligaments under orthodontic loading, as well as orthodontic tooth movement, have been studied in recent years using computational approaches. In previous studies, we developed a theoretical mathematical approach that uses a weighting
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Background: The mechanical properties of either alveolar bone or periodontal ligaments under orthodontic loading, as well as orthodontic tooth movement, have been studied in recent years using computational approaches. In previous studies, we developed a theoretical mathematical approach that uses a weighting coefficient of the summed resistance of periodontal structures, namely the bone and periodontal ligaments, in relation to apex movement, the center of rotation, orthodontic force loading, and time in order to quantify the biological response to orthodontic biomechanics. Methods: We analyzed the distal retraction of three maxillary canines and integrated the clinical data obtained in the previously developed mathematical programs. Results: The values of the weighting coefficient of the tissue resistance were interpreted in the context of the clinical data obtained: the smaller the value of ( , the higher the actual tissue resistance, with a greater difference between the crown and root movement; also, the higher the value of ( , the lower the actual tissue resistance, with a small difference between the crown and apex movement. Conclusions: The clinical interpretation of the results allows us to set a premise for the refinement of the mathematical programs so that we can use them in assessing the orthodontic biomechanics of larger patient groups over longer periods of time and create premises of treatment protocol simplification and adjustment.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthodontics and New Technologies: 2nd Edition)
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Microbiological and Ergonomic Effects of Three Prototypes of a Device to Reduce Aerosol Dispersion in Dental Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
by
Camila N. Baldasso, Ruy Teichert-Filho, Daniel R. Marinowic, Maria M. Campos and Maximiliano S. Gomes
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 54; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020054 - 26 Jan 2025
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Objectives: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the microbiological efficacy and the ergonomic impact of three prototypes of a device to reduce aerosol dispersion during dental procedures. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing dental care using high-speed turbines and/or ultrasonic tips were randomly assigned
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Objectives: This randomized clinical trial evaluated the microbiological efficacy and the ergonomic impact of three prototypes of a device to reduce aerosol dispersion during dental procedures. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing dental care using high-speed turbines and/or ultrasonic tips were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n = 15): CG: control group, with standard personal protective equipment (PPE); G1: PPE + acrylic device (AD) with aspiration; G2: PPE + AD without aspiration; and G3: PPE + polyvinyl chloride device. The device prototypes consisted of a rigid translucent acrylic structure (G1 and G2), or a rigid PVC tube structure surrounded by layers of translucent flexible PVC films (G3), adjusted to the dental chair, involving the patient’s head, neck and chest. The main outcome was the microbiological analysis (mean Δ of CFU at 10 different sites), and the secondary outcome was the ergonomic evaluation (questionnaire to dentists and patients). Results: The final sample comprised 59 participants (mean age 38.6 ± 11.4 years, 55.2% male). The overall mean time for dental procedures was 32.4 ± 16.9 min, with no differences between groups (p = 0.348). Microbiological analyses showed that the use of the device significantly reduced contamination in the light reflector (01.46 ± 4.43 ΔCFU in G2 vs. 19.25 ± 36.50 ΔCFU in CG; p = 0.028), apron (09.11 ± 12.05 ΔCFU in G3 vs. 21.14 ± 43.41 ΔCFU in GC; p = 0.044), and face shield (08.80 ± 32.70 ΔCFU in G1 vs. 56.78 ± 76.64 ΔCFU in the GC; p = 0.017). The device was well accepted by patients and increased the dentists‘ perception of safety and protection (p < 0.001), but significantly decreased ergonomics related to the clinical view, space, agility and access to the patient, and ease of performing procedures (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The tested device can be an additional tool for infection prevention and control in dentistry, not only during the COVID-19 pandemic, but also for the control of future infectious diseases and epidemics.
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Open AccessCase Report
Novel Esthetic Technique for Restoring Dental Implant Access Holes: A Case Report
by
Keisuke Seki, Koji Shiratsuchi, Arata Toki, Atsushi Kamimoto and Yoshiyuki Hagiwara
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 53; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020053 - 26 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: For dental implant treatment to be successful, esthetics, functionality, and cleanability are all required of the superstructure, which is the final prosthesis. Screw fixation and cementation have been the conventional methods of choice for the crown prosthesis of implants, but these individual
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Background/Objectives: For dental implant treatment to be successful, esthetics, functionality, and cleanability are all required of the superstructure, which is the final prosthesis. Screw fixation and cementation have been the conventional methods of choice for the crown prosthesis of implants, but these individual methods cannot fulfill all the requirements. Methods: As a solution to this problem, we have devised a new implant superstructure restoration method called the inlay covering esthetic technique, which uses computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing inlays. Results: It involves the placement of an inlay covering the access hole in a highly translucent partially stabilized zirconia crown. Conclusions: This technique, demonstrated in this clinical case study, expands the indications for implant treatment and improves the oral quality of life of patients. This case report describes a novel esthetic technique for restoring dental implant access holes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Implantology and Rehabilitation)
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Open AccessSystematic Review
The Early Exposure Rate and Vertical Bone Gain of Titanium Mesh for Maxillary Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by
Felice Lorusso, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Iris Alla, Sergio Rexhep Tari and Antonio Scarano
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020052 - 23 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The use of titanium meshes in bone regeneration is a clinical procedure that regenerates bone defects by ensuring graft stability and biocompatibility. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of titanium mesh procedures in terms of vertical
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Background/Objectives: The use of titanium meshes in bone regeneration is a clinical procedure that regenerates bone defects by ensuring graft stability and biocompatibility. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of titanium mesh procedures in terms of vertical bone gain and the exposure rate. Methods: The product screening and eligibility analysis were performed using the Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Google Scholar electronic databases by two authors. The selected articles were classified based on the study design, regenerative technique, tested groups and materials, sample size, clinical findings, and follow-up. A risk of bias calculation was conducted on the selected randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized trials and a series of pairwise meta-analysis calculations were performed for the vertical bone gain (VBG) and exposure rate. A significantly lower exposure rate was observed using coronally advanced lingual flaps (p < 0.05). No difference was observed between the titanium mesh and GBR techniques in terms of VBG (p > 0.05). Results: The initial search output 288 articles, and 164 papers were excluded after the eligibility analysis. The descriptive synthesis considered a total of 97 papers and 6 articles were considered for the pairwise comparison. Conclusions: Within the limits of the present investigation, the titanium mesh procedure reported high VBG values after the healing period. The mesh exposure rate was drastically lower with passive management of the surgical flap.
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(This article belongs to the Topic Oral Health Management and Disease Treatment)
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Implementation of Virtual Reality in Preclinical Pediatric Dentistry Learning: A Comparison Between Simodont® and Conventional Methods
by
Antonia M. Caleya, Andrea Martín-Vacas, María Rosa Mourelle-Martínez, Manuel Joaquín de Nova-Garcia and Nuria E. Gallardo-López
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 51; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020051 - 23 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Preclinical training in pediatric dentistry is traditionally performed on acrylic primary teeth or natural extracted teeth in phantoms or dental manikins. With technological advancements, virtual simulation has become increasingly common, enhancing the development of cognitive and motor skills in dental students while
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Background/Objectives: Preclinical training in pediatric dentistry is traditionally performed on acrylic primary teeth or natural extracted teeth in phantoms or dental manikins. With technological advancements, virtual simulation has become increasingly common, enhancing the development of cognitive and motor skills in dental students while complementing traditional methods. Specific objectives included assessing whether preclinical theoretical knowledge impacts motor skill scores, comparing the quality of dental preparations on acrylic teeth versus those performed using virtual simulation (Simodont®) and evaluating students’ perceptions of Simodont® use. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. Students first completed a theoretical knowledge survey on dental preparations, class II caries, and pulpotomies. They then performed dental preparations on both acrylic primary teeth and the Simodont® simulator, with their work assessed by a pediatric dentistry professor. Finally, students completed a perception survey regarding their experience. Results: The introduction of the Simodont® was positively received. Theoretical knowledge prior to preclinical exercises did not significantly influence practice scores. Average scores for preparations on acrylic teeth (class II: 2.57; pulpotomy: 3.60) were higher than those achieved using Simodont® (class II: 1.97; pulpotomy: 2.92). Conclusions: Dental preparation scores were higher on acrylic teeth compared to the virtual simulation. While students reported a positive experience with Simodont®, they expressed a preference for traditional learning methods involving acrylic teeth on phantoms or dental manikins.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dental Education: Innovation and Challenge)
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Population-Specific Anatomical Variations in Premolar Root Canal Systems: A Cross-Sectional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Jamaican and Portuguese Subpopulations
by
Jorge N. R. Martins, Sriteja Tummala, Sasidhar Nallapati, Duarte Marques, Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal Silva, João Caramês and Marco A. Versiani
Dent. J. 2025, 13(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/dj13020050 - 23 Jan 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The morphology of roots and root canals has a significant influence on the outcome of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare premolar root and root canal configurations between Central American and European subpopulations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This cross-sectional
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Background/Objectives: The morphology of roots and root canals has a significant influence on the outcome of endodontic treatment. This study aimed to compare premolar root and root canal configurations between Central American and European subpopulations using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study analyzed CBCT scans of 2919 premolars from 561 patients: 197 from Jamaica (Central America) and 364 from Portugal (Europe). The analysis focused on the number of roots, root canal configurations, and the presence of C-shaped canals in mandibular premolars. Demographic factors such as age and sex were also considered. Statistical significance was determined using chi-square tests with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Overall, premolars in Jamaican patients had more roots and root canals compared to those in Portuguese patients. Three-rooted configurations were more common in Jamaica, particularly in maxillary first premolars (5.5% vs. 2.9%, p < 0.05). Vertucci Type V configuration was more prevalent in the Central American subgroup, while Portuguese premolars were more likely to exhibit Types II and IV configurations. C-shaped canals were rare in both populations (p > 0.05). Males and younger patients showed higher frequencies of multi-root and multi-canal configurations (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study reveals significant geographic and demographic differences in premolar root and root canal morphology between two Central American and European subpopulations. Premolars from Jamaica tend to exhibit more complex anatomical features compared to those from Portugal. These findings highlight the need for population-specific diagnostic and treatment strategies and demonstrate the value of CBCT in the preoperative diagnosis of complex anatomical variations.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Restorative Dentistry, Endodontology and Traumatology)
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