European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education

2024

Jump to: 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020

12 pages, 282 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Association between Hyperactivity and Suicidal Behavior and Attempts among Children Referred from Emergency Departments

by Oren Shahnovsky, Alan Apter and Shira Barzilay

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(10), 2616-2627; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14100172 - 24 Sep 2024

Viewed by 804

Abstract

The global prevalence of suicidal behaviors in children is rising, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) proposed as a contributing factor. This study examines the association between ADHD facets (hyperactivity and inattention) and suicidal behavior and attempts in children. Additionally, it seeks to compare [...] Read more.

The global prevalence of suicidal behaviors in children is rising, with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) proposed as a contributing factor. This study examines the association between ADHD facets (hyperactivity and inattention) and suicidal behavior and attempts in children. Additionally, it seeks to compare self-reported ADHD symptoms and suicide-related incidents with parental reports. A cohort of 71 children referred from emergency departments due to suicidal thoughts and behaviors completed self- and parental report questionnaires. The results revealed that elevated hyperactivity scores, surpassing the ADHD diagnosis threshold, were significantly associated with increased rates of suicidal behavior. Hyperactivity demonstrated a stronger association with lifetime suicide attempts compared to inattention. Moreover, children’s self-reported ADHD symptoms exhibited a stronger correlation with suicide attempts than parental reports. This study highlights the critical role of hyperactivity in understanding suicidal behaviors among children with ADHD. It underscores the importance of considering hyperactivity-related symptoms in assessment and treatment approaches for suicidal behavior in this population. Full article

21 pages, 3162 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relationship between Vitamin D Insufficiency, Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices in Healthy Women Aged 18–50 Years

by Ilham Lhilali, Noura Zouine, Lode Godderis, Adil El Midaoui, Samir El Jaafari and Younes Filali-Zegzouti

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(8), 2337-2357; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14080155 - 9 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1594

Abstract

Although vitamin D insufficiency has been correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are few data on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and atherogenic indices predictive of CVD. This study investigated the relationship of vitamin D status with lipid [...] Read more.

Although vitamin D insufficiency has been correlated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are few data on the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and atherogenic indices predictive of CVD. This study investigated the relationship of vitamin D status with lipid profile and atherogenic indices in adult women in Morocco. Three hundred women aged 18 to 50 years from Meknes were included. Fasting 25(OH)D and lipid concentrations were assayed by a one-step electrochemiluminescence-based immunoassay and an enzymatic method, respectively. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), Castelli risk indices I and II (CRI-I and II), and CHOLIndex (CI)) were calculated using conventional lipid parameters. Logistic regression models and operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis were used to assess the relationship of the variables and estimate the threshold of 25(OH)D levels associated with high atherogenic indices. 25(OH) D below 20 ng/mL was significantly associated with an enhanced risk of hypertriglyceridemia and elevated values of AIP, AC, non-HDL-C, and CRI-I with an OR (95% CI) of 4.904 (1.856–12.959), 3.637 (2.149–6.158), 3.589 (1.673–7.700), 2.074 (1.215–3.540), and 2.481 (1.481–4.123), respectively. According to the ROC analysis, the likelihood of hypertriglyceridemia and high values of AIP, AC, non-HDL-C, and CRI-I were associated with 25(OH)D thresholds ≤15.15 ng/mL, ≤17.5 ng/mL, ≤19.8 ng/mL, ≤20.1 ng/mL, and ≤19.5 ng/mL, respectively, all p < 0.01. Based on the atherogenic indices, this study indicates that vitamin D below 20 ng/mL may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in adult women. Additional health measures are essential to raise awareness among women and health professionals of preventing and controlling cardiovascular risk factors, particularly among young individuals. Full article

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16 pages, 789 KiB

Open AccessArticle

VISCERAL SENSITIVITY INDEX (VSI-IT): Italian Adaptation and Validation

by Amelia Rizzo, Aurora Mautone, Aldo Sitibondo, Gabriella Nucera, Livio Tarchi, Hicham Khabbache, Driss Ait Ali, Khalid Ouazizi, Łukasz Szarpak, Michal Pruc, Murat Yıldırım and Francesco Chirico

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(7), 1953-1968; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14070130 - 5 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1084

Abstract

The Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) represents a significant advancement in the assessment of gastrointestinal-specific anxiety among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)—such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. However, an Italian version of the instrument is not [...] Read more.

The Visceral Sensitivity Index (VSI) represents a significant advancement in the assessment of gastrointestinal-specific anxiety among patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)—such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. However, an Italian version of the instrument is not yet available for the Italian-speaking population. This study utilized a national sample of 500 individuals divided into four groups: (a) patients with Crohn’s disease, (b) patients with ulcerative colitis, (c) patients with IBS, and (d) healthy controls (individuals without any diagnoses) to test the validity and reliability of the Italian VSI. Using back-translation methodology to ensure translation fidelity, this research applied a questionnaire and the VSI through an online format to 500 participants. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) revealed that the Italian VSI had excellent psychometric properties, demonstrating high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.949) and construct validity. The scale proved sensitive in detecting significant differences in visceral sensitivity among groups, highlighting its utility as a clinical and research assessment tool. Specifically, the Italian VSI exhibited a unidimensional factorial structure and maintained a strong correlation with interoceptive awareness, type of disease, and gastrointestinal symptom severity, confirming its role in enhancing the understanding and management of IBD and IBS in Italy. Full article

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13 pages, 585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessing We-Disease Appraisals of Health Problems: Development and Validation of the We-Disease Questionnaire

by Alexandra J. Vogt, Lasse Bartels, Isabella C. Bertschi, Fiona Mahler, Michael Grotzer, Daniel Konrad, Kurt Leibundgut, Jochen Rössler, Guy Bodenmann and Markus A. Landolt

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(4), 941-953; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14040061 - 3 Apr 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1241

Abstract

In couples dealing with health problems, we-disease appraisals can influence dyadic coping strategies to alleviate distress. This study describes the development and validation of a self-report scale to assess we-disease appraisals of health problems. The newly developed We-Disease Questionnaire (WDQ) was administered in [...] Read more.

In couples dealing with health problems, we-disease appraisals can influence dyadic coping strategies to alleviate distress. This study describes the development and validation of a self-report scale to assess we-disease appraisals of health problems. The newly developed We-Disease Questionnaire (WDQ) was administered in three samples: parents of children with type 1 diabetes (n = 240) or cancer (n = 125) and individuals with visual impairment and their partners (n = 216). Reliability was measured by coefficient omega. To assess construct validity, correlations with other measures of individual and dyadic adjustment were examined. Descriptive statistics across all samples were compared. A 4-item version of the WDQ demonstrated good reliability and validity and showed meaningful associations with established scales. We-disease appraisals were highest among parents of children with cancer and lowest among couples with visual impairment. The WDQ is a reliable and valid measure that can be used across different health problems. Full article

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10 pages, 549 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Duration Perception and Reading in Typically Developing Adults and Adults with Developmental Dyslexia: Implications for Assessment and Intervention

by Aikaterini Liapi, Susana Silva and Vasiliki Folia

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2024, 14(3), 699-708; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe14030046 - 15 Mar 2024

Viewed by 1236

Abstract

While the link between beat perception and reading skills is attributed to a general improvement in neural entrainment to speech units, duration perception (DP) is primarily linked to a specific aspect of speech perception, specifially discriminating phonemes of varying lengths. Our previous study [...] Read more.

While the link between beat perception and reading skills is attributed to a general improvement in neural entrainment to speech units, duration perception (DP) is primarily linked to a specific aspect of speech perception, specifially discriminating phonemes of varying lengths. Our previous study found a significant correlation between DP and pseudoword reading in both typically developing (TD) individuals and adults with dyslexia (DD). This suggests that, like beat, DP may also enhance overall speech perception. However, our previous study employed a composite measure that did not discriminate speed from accuracy. In this study, we sought to replicate the link between DP and pseudoword reading in a new sample and explore how it might vary depending on the reading parameter being measured. We analyzed the performance of 60 TD vs. 20 DD adults in DP, word reading and pseudoword reading tasks, analyzing the latter for both speed and accuracy. Indeed, duration skills correlated positively with pseudoword reading accuracy. In TD adults, there was no association between DP and reading speed, whereas DD individuals exhibited slower reading speed alongside improved duration skills. We emphasize the potential usefulness of DP tasks in assessment and early intervention and raise new questions about compensatory strategies adopted by DD adults. Full article

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2023

Jump to: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2020

12 pages, 763 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychophysical and Social Functioning of Patients with Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease and Depression

by Ivana Jelić, Goran Mihajlović, Miloš Ratinac, Katarina Mihajlović, Sara Mijailović and Ivan Čekerevac

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(12), 2841-2852; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13120196 - 4 Dec 2023

Viewed by 1373

Abstract

The relationship between depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. The comorbidity rate ranges from 18 to 84%, and depression is closely related to chronic inflammation, which affects how patients and the people around them perceive their condition. This [...] Read more.

The relationship between depression and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully understood. The comorbidity rate ranges from 18 to 84%, and depression is closely related to chronic inflammation, which affects how patients and the people around them perceive their condition. This study aims to examine the relationship between the psychophysical and social functioning of COPD patients who have been diagnosed with depression and the therapeutic benefits of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This prospective study enrolled primary care patients diagnosed with COPD and depression. The entire period of this research was 3 years. The research was conducted at the Primary Health Center, Kragujevac, Serbia, in 87 patients for 8 weeks. The Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D) and Questionnaire for Quality of Life and Life Satisfaction Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF) were used for psychiatric assessment. A positive correlation was found between the psychophysical and social functioning of the participants after 8 weeks of treatment with SSRIs. Based on the value of the phi correlation coefficient (phi = 0.5) obtained using the χ² test, a large influence was observed in terms of life satisfaction and physical health (p < 0.05). In terms of physical functioning by gender, based on the value of the Pearson’s coefficient (r) obtained with the χ² test, it was shown that physical functioning was superior in the female respondents (p < 0.05). Treatment was found to improve depression in COPD after 8 weeks of therapy. Full article

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11 pages, 303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diets including Animal Food Are Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

by Luciana Baroni, Chiara Bonetto, Irene Solinas, Pierfrancesco Visaggi, Alexey V. Galchenko, Lucia Mariani, Andrea Bottari, Mattia Orazzini, Giada Guidi, Christian Lambiase, Linda Ceccarelli, Massimo Bellini, Edoardo V. Savarino and Nicola de Bortoli

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(12), 2736-2746; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13120189 - 22 Nov 2023

Viewed by 2088

Abstract

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition with a prevalence of up to 25% in Western countries. Typical GERD symptoms include heartburn and retrosternal regurgitation. Lifestyle modifications, including diet, are considered a first-line therapeutic approach. To evaluate the impact of life habits [...] Read more.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a clinical condition with a prevalence of up to 25% in Western countries. Typical GERD symptoms include heartburn and retrosternal regurgitation. Lifestyle modifications, including diet, are considered a first-line therapeutic approach. To evaluate the impact of life habits on GERD in this cross-sectional study, we used data collected through an online survey from 1146 participants. GERD was defined according to the Montreal Consensus. For all participants, clinical and lifestyle characteristics were recorded. Overall, 723 participants (63.1%) consumed a diet including animal food (non-vegans), and 423 participants (36.9%) were vegans. The prevalence of GERD was 11% (CI 95%, 9–14%) in non-vegans and 6% (CI 95%, 4–8%) in vegans. In the multivariate analysis, after adjusting for confounding factors, subjects on a non-vegan diet were associated with a two-fold increase in the prevalence of GERD compared to vegans (OR = 1.96, CI 95%, 1.22–3.17, p = 0.006). BMI and smoking habits were also significantly associated with GERD. This study shows that an animal food-based diet (meat, fish, poultry, dairy, and eggs) is associated with an increased risk of GERD compared to a vegan diet. These findings might inform the lifestyle management of patients with GERD-related symptoms. Full article

11 pages, 1531 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Factors Influencing the Control of Diabetes Measured via Glycated Hemoglobin Concentrations in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes

by Beata I. Sińska, Ewa Rzońca, Alicja Kucharska, Robert Gałązkowski, Iwona Traczyk and Patryk Rzońca

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(10), 2035-2045; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13100144 - 24 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1647

Abstract

Numerous complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be prevented through suitable glycemic control. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be one of the markers for the early detection of the metabolic imbalance characteristic of the disease. However, optimal control of diabetes is not achieved [...] Read more.

Numerous complications of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may be prevented through suitable glycemic control. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be one of the markers for the early detection of the metabolic imbalance characteristic of the disease. However, optimal control of diabetes is not achieved in a large group of patients. It was demonstrated that numerous factors (sociodemographic, psychological, and clinical) contributed to this condition. The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing the control of diabetes measured via glycated hemoglobin concentrations in people with T1D. Independent factors influencing better diabetes control measured via HbA1c in the study group included higher disease acceptance, higher nutritional adherence, lower BMI, and a lower risk of eating disorders. Describing the determinants will allow for the improvement of the system of care provided to people with T1D and for it to comprise important psychological variables related to self-care and acceptance of the disease. Full article

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10 pages, 308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychological Distress in Young Chilean Adults Exposed to Parental Alienating Behaviors during Childhood/Adolescence

by Diego Portilla-Saavedra, Cristián Pinto-Cortez and Rodrigo Moya-Vergara

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(9), 1707-1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13090123 - 3 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1851

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological distress of young adults exposed to alienating behaviors during childhood/adolescence. Four hundred and sixteen adults responded to the online survey. A brief sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Scale, and a questionnaire on adverse [...] Read more.

The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological distress of young adults exposed to alienating behaviors during childhood/adolescence. Four hundred and sixteen adults responded to the online survey. A brief sociodemographic questionnaire, the Brief Symptom Scale, and a questionnaire on adverse childhood experiences were included. The analyses revealed that individuals who experienced one or more alienating behaviors exhibited higher levels of anxiety, depression, somatization, and overall psychological distress. Furthermore, even after controlling for the effect of other adverse childhood experiences, alienating behaviors had a significant impact on psychological distress in adulthood. This highlights an understudied aspect of alienating behaviors, i.e., their conjunction or parallelism with other adverse childhood experiences. Full article

16 pages, 419 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Metabolic Adverse Effects of Psychotropic Drug Therapy: A Systematic Review

by Lizeth Sepúlveda-Lizcano, Vivian Vanessa Arenas-Villamizar, Enna Beatriz Jaimes-Duarte, Henry García-Pacheco, Carlos Silva Paredes, Valmore Bermúdez and Diego Rivera-Porras

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(8), 1505-1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13080110 - 12 Aug 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4611

Abstract

This review aimed to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with psychopharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, which can significantly impact patients’ physical health and overall quality of life. The study utilized the PRISMA methodology and included cross-sectional, retrospective studies, and randomized clinical trials from [...] Read more.

This review aimed to investigate the metabolic alterations associated with psychopharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, which can significantly impact patients’ physical health and overall quality of life. The study utilized the PRISMA methodology and included cross-sectional, retrospective studies, and randomized clinical trials from reputable databases like SCOPUS, CLARIVATE, SCIENCE DIRECT, and PUBMED. Out of the 64 selected studies, various psychotropic drug classes were analyzed, including antidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antipsychotics. Among the antidepressants, such as amitriptyline, Imipramine, and clomipramine, weight gain, constipation, and cardiovascular effects were the most commonly reported metabolic adverse effects. SSRI antidepressants like Fluoxetine, Sertraline, Citalopram, Escitalopram, and Paroxetine exhibited a high prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardiac alterations. Regarding anticonvulsants, valproic acid and Fosphenytoin were associated with adverse reactions such as weight gain and disturbances in appetite and sleep patterns. As for antipsychotics, drugs like Clozapine, Olanzapine, and Risperidone were linked to weight gain, diabetes, and deterioration of the lipid profile. The findings of this review emphasize the importance of continuous monitoring for adverse effects, particularly considering that the metabolic changes caused by psychopharmacological medications may vary depending on the age of the patients. Future research should focus on conducting field studies to further expand knowledge on the metabolic effects of other commonly prescribed psychotropic drugs. Overall, the study highlights the significance of understanding and managing metabolic alterations induced by psychopharmacological treatment to enhance patient care and well-being. Full article

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14 pages, 718 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Sociodemographic, Macroeconomic, and Health Status and Resources on Infant Mortality Rates in Oman: Evidence from 1980 to 2022

by Rawaa Abubakr Abuelgassim Eltayib, Mohammed Al-Azri and Moon Fai Chan

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(6), 986-999; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13060075 - 7 Jun 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1776

Abstract

Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important reflection of the well-being of infants and the overall health of the population. This study aims to examine the macroeconomic (ME), sociodemographic (SD), and health status and resources (HSR) effects on IMR, as well [...] Read more.

Background: The infant mortality rate (IMR) is an important reflection of the well-being of infants and the overall health of the population. This study aims to examine the macroeconomic (ME), sociodemographic (SD), and health status and resources (HSR) effects on IMR, as well as how they may interact with each other. Methods: A retrospective time-series study using yearly data for Oman from 1980 to 2022. Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to develop the exploratory model of the determinants of IMR. Results: The model indicates that HSR determinants directly, but negatively, affect IMR (β = −0.617, p < 0.001). SD directly and positively affects IMR (β = 0.447, p < 0.001). ME only indirectly affects IMR (β = −0.854, p < 0.001). ME determinants also exert some direct influences on both HSR (β = 0.722, p < 0.001) and SD (β = −0.916, p < 0.001) determinants. Conclusions: This study has indicated that IMR is a multi-faceted issue. It also highlighted the interplay of numerous variables and their influence on IMR, particularly the role that social status, the health sector, and the wealth of the country and its population play in reducing IMR. These findings indicate that an integrated policy that addresses socioeconomic and health-related factors and the overall ME environment is necessary for the health and well-being of the children and the population overall in Oman. Full article

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13 pages, 308 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pediatric Diabetes Technology Management: An Italian Exploratory Study on Its Representations by Psychologists and Diabetologists

by Annamaria Tupputi, Lucia Giardinieri, Silvia Monaco and Michela Di Trani

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(5), 919-931; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13050070 - 21 May 2023

Viewed by 1768

Abstract

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased by about 3% per year over the last two decades. Continuous Insulin Subcutaneous Therapy (CSII) is widely used in the pediatric population with diabetes; however, it requires more preparation by the treating team and [...] Read more.

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) has increased by about 3% per year over the last two decades. Continuous Insulin Subcutaneous Therapy (CSII) is widely used in the pediatric population with diabetes; however, it requires more preparation by the treating team and a careful selection of its potential users. Prescriptive provisions vary from region to region, and the perspective of health workers in this regard remains an unexplored area. The aim of this research project is to explore the representations of a group of diabetologists and psychologists working in pediatric diabetology throughout the country, regarding their roles, functions, and activities as part of a multidisciplinary team; it also aims to investigate their views on the potential benefits of CSII and the types of individuals who apply for the use of this technology. A socio-anagraphic data sheet was administered, and two homogeneous focus groups were conducted, one for each profession, which were then audio recorded. The transcripts produced were analyzed using the Emotional Text Mining (ETM) methodology. Each of the two corpora generated three clusters and two factors. For diabetologists, a focus on patient care emerged at different levels, involving collaboration with other health professionals and engagement with the community, often incorporating technology in medical interventions. Similarly, psychologists’ representations highlighted interdisciplinary networking with a stronger emphasis on the psychological processes involved in managing the disease, from acceptance to the elaboration and integration of diabetes into the family narrative. Understanding the representations of health professionals working in pediatric diabetes with new technologies can contribute to the consolidation of a network of professionals through targeted work on possible critical issues that may arise. Full article

13 pages, 2127 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Ice on Shoulder Proprioception in Badminton Athletes

by Joel Marouvo, Nuno Tavares, Gonçalo Dias and Maria António Castro

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(3), 671-683; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030051 - 21 Mar 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2572

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the influence of the application of cryotherapy on shoulder proprioception in badminton athletes. Thirty federated badminton athletes were included in this study, all of whom belonged to three of the teams currently competing in national competitions (Portugal). Their [...] Read more.

This study aims to analyze the influence of the application of cryotherapy on shoulder proprioception in badminton athletes. Thirty federated badminton athletes were included in this study, all of whom belonged to three of the teams currently competing in national competitions (Portugal). Their mean ages were 21.00 ± 5.60 years, and their experience in the modality was 8.40 ± 6.93 years. They practiced in an average of 2.93 ± 1.26 training sessions per week. All of them used their right hand to hold the racket. Each participant’s dominant shoulder joint position and force senses were evaluated for four consecutive time points through the isokinetic dynamometer Biodex System 3. The experimental procedure consisted of applying ice for 15 min and the control procedure consisted of no therapeutic intervention. The proprioception outcomes were expressed using the absolute error, relative error, and variable error. All statistical analysis was performed using PASW Statistics 18 software (IBM-SPSS Statistics). There were no statistically significant changes in the joint position and force senses after the intervention, as well as during the subsequent 30 min. We conclude that, after this cryotherapy technique, there is no increased risk of injury associated with a proprioception deficit that prevents athletes from immediately returning to badminton practice. Full article

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18 pages, 393 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sociodemographic Variables and Body Mass Index Associated with the Risk of Eating Disorders in Spanish University Students

by María-Camino Escolar-Llamazares, María-Ángeles Martínez-Martín, María-Begoña Medina-Gómez, María-Yolanda González-Alonso, Elvira Mercado-Val and Fernando Lara-Ortega

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(3), 595-612; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13030046 - 14 Mar 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2569

Abstract

Background: The passage through university is a complex experience that can heighten personal susceptibility to eating disorders. The objective of this research is to determine how gender, age, course, educational faculty, and body mass index (BMI) can influence the risk of eating disorders [...] Read more.

Background: The passage through university is a complex experience that can heighten personal susceptibility to eating disorders. The objective of this research is to determine how gender, age, course, educational faculty, and body mass index (BMI) can influence the risk of eating disorders among university students. Method: A transversal and descriptive study is conducted with a sample of 516 Spanish students (57.2% female, 42.8% male; M_age = 21.7, SD_age = 4.1) following 26 university degrees. The Inventory Eating Disorder-Reference criterion (EDI-3-RF) was administered to the students. Contingency tables were used between categorical variables with the chi-squared statistic, at a significance level of p < 0.05. The Student t-test was used for two independent samples and a one-way ANOVA test with the post hoc Bonferroni test for more than two groups. Pearson’s correlation and a simple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the relationship between the variables in its quantitative version. Results: It was found that the female students enrolled in the second year presented a greater obsession with thinness and body dissatisfaction (p = 0.029; d = 0.338); the male students practiced more physical exercise to control their weight (p = 0.003); and that students under the age of twenty (p < 0.010; d = 0.584) and students from both the Health (p = 0.0.13) and Law (p = 0.021) educational faculties showed greater bulimic behavior (d = 0.070). More females are underweight (z = 2.8), and more men are overweight (z = 2.4). Normal-weight students scored significantly higher in thinness obsession (p = 0.033). Overweight students scored significantly higher on thinness obsession (p < 0.001) and body dissatisfaction (p < 0.001). Obese students scored significantly higher on body dissatisfaction (p = 0.04). Conclusions: The data obtained in this study, reinforce the hypothesis that the female gender, at an age within the limits of early adolescence, in the first year of the degree courses, with specific university qualifications, and a high BMI constituted factors that could provoke an eating disorder. Consequently, it is necessary to implement preventive measures adapted to the circumstances of each university student. Full article

10 pages, 628 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Subjective Assessments and Serum Cortisol Levels as Risk Factors of Pain Persistence in the Late Postoperative Period in Old and Oldest-Old Patients

by Vladyslav O. Telegan, Christos Tsagkaris, Sandeep Kumar Singh and Kostiantyn V. Tarasenko

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(2), 450-459; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13020034 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1805

Abstract

Postoperative pain is one of the most common postoperative complications, resulting in significant burdens and adverse outcomes among patients, notably the frailest ones. Predicting the likelihood of intense postoperative pain can help optimize a patient’s recovery. The aims of this study were to [...] Read more.

Postoperative pain is one of the most common postoperative complications, resulting in significant burdens and adverse outcomes among patients, notably the frailest ones. Predicting the likelihood of intense postoperative pain can help optimize a patient’s recovery. The aims of this study were to build a prognostic model of pain persistence in elderly and senile patients in the late postoperative period, based on clinical and laboratory parameters of the early postoperative period, and to evaluate the potential for the model’s application. The study included 201 male and female patients who had undergone surgery of any type from September 2019 to August 2020. The patients were divided into three groups: senile patients, elderly patients, and young patients (control group). All of the examined patients were measured for fasting cortisol on the mornings of the first and seventh days following surgery. A statistically significant increase in the probability of pain persistence in the late postoperative period with the increasing age of the patient was found. Age, pain severity scores on the seventh day after surgery, and cortisol concentration in the blood on the first day after surgery, are of prognostic value for the risk of persistence of postoperative-pain syndrome. Full article

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10 pages, 1389 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Randomized Controlled Trial of Home Telemonitoring of Blood Pressure with an Adapted Tensiometer with SMS Capability

by Renzo Calderón-Anyosa, Jean Pierre Tincopa, Mabel Raza and Cesar P. Cárcamo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2023, 13(2), 440-449; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe13020033 - 12 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2586

Abstract

Despite being a public health problem, less than a third of hypertensive patients manage to control blood pressure (BP). In this paper, we conducted a two-arm randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of an SMS-based home BP telemonitoring system compared to usual [...] Read more.

Despite being a public health problem, less than a third of hypertensive patients manage to control blood pressure (BP). In this paper, we conducted a two-arm randomized controlled trial to investigate the efficacy of an SMS-based home BP telemonitoring system compared to usual care in patients with uncontrolled hypertension from a primary care center. This study was conducted between April and August 2018. Participants in the intervention arm used a custom-designed telemonitoring device for two weeks and were followed up for two additional weeks; controls were followed for 4 weeks. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the impact on blood pressure of a telemonitoring system using a blood pressure monitor adapted to send data via SMS to health providers in primary care centers for 4 weeks. In this trial, 38 patients were included in the analysis (18 in each arm), 68% were women, and the mean age was 68.1 [SD: 10.8 years], with no differences between arms. Among the results we found was that There was no significant difference in the change in systolic BP values between the control and intervention arm (−7.2 [14.9] mmHg vs. −16.3 [16.7] mmHg; p = 0.09). However, we found a significant difference in the change of diastolic BP (−1.2 [6.4] mmHg vs. −7.2 [9.8] mmHg; for the control and intervention arms, respectively p = 0.03). With all this, we conclude that an SMS-based home BP telemonitoring system is effective in reducing diastolic BP by working in conjunction with primary care centers. Our findings represent one of the first interventions of this type in our environment, being an important alternative for the control of high blood pressure. Full article

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2022

Jump to: 2024, 2023, 2021, 2020

14 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Nutritional Status of Slovene Adults in the Post-COVID-19 Epidemic Period

by Boštjan Jakše, Uroš Godnov and Stanislav Pinter

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(12), 1729-1742; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12120122 - 23 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1983

Abstract

Background: Monitoring nutritional status data in the adult population is extremely important to mediate their health status. Unfortunately, for Slovenia (2.1 million European Union citizens), data on the body composition status of the general adult population are currently rare or nonexistent in scientific [...] Read more.

Background: Monitoring nutritional status data in the adult population is extremely important to mediate their health status. Unfortunately, for Slovenia (2.1 million European Union citizens), data on the body composition status of the general adult population are currently rare or nonexistent in scientific journals. Furthermore, dietary intake was last assessed several years before the COVID-19 epidemic period. Methods: We randomly recruited 844 adult Slovenes from all regions of Slovenia. The primary aim of the cross-sectional study was to examine body composition status (using a medically approved electrical bioimpedance monitor) during the post-COVID-19 epidemic period. In addition, we assessed dietary intake (using a standardized food frequency questionnaire) and compared the obesity propensity for both sexes separately using the body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (FAT%) obesity classification of the World Health Organization. Results: Regarding BMI classification, 43% of the whole sample was overweight (28%) or obese (15%), and there were more older adults than adults (64% vs. 42%, p < 0.001). The average FAT% of adult females and males was 26.9% and 19.5% (p < 0.001), respectively, while for older adult females and males, it was 32.7% and 23% (p < 0.001). In addition, a comparison of the proportions of obese people between the two cut-off obesity classifications (BMI vs. FAT%) showed a significantly underestimated proportion of obese female participants based on BMI classification (13% vs. 17%, p = 0.005). In terms of the dietary intake of the assessed nutrients in comparison with the national dietary reference values for energy and nutrient intake, the participants, on average, had lower intake than the recommended values for carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins C, D and E (for males) and calcium, and higher intake than the recommended values for total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, sodium and chloride (for males). Conclusions: The results urgently call for the need to not only improve the overall national nutritional status but also for regular national monitoring of body composition and dietary intake statuses. Full article

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10 pages, 306 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Attitudes towards Tattoos among Spanish Health Science Students

by Gemma Blázquez Abellán, Jesús López-Torres López, Mª José Moreno de la Rosa, Angel López González, Joseba Rabanales Sotos and Jesús Dativo López-Torres Hidalgo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(12), 1719-1728; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12120121 - 22 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2112

Abstract

(1) Background: The aim is to ascertain health science students’ attitudes towards tattoos and their association with healthy lifestyles and socio-demographic variables. (2) Methods: Descriptive study conducted on pharmacy, medical and nursing students (n = 423). To ascertain attitudes towards tattoos, we used [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The aim is to ascertain health science students’ attitudes towards tattoos and their association with healthy lifestyles and socio-demographic variables. (2) Methods: Descriptive study conducted on pharmacy, medical and nursing students (n = 423). To ascertain attitudes towards tattoos, we used the Attitudes Towards Tattoos Scale. Other variables were physical activity, healthy diet, harmful habits and socio-demographic variables. (3) Results: A total of 12.6% (95% CI 9.1–16.2) of students reported having a tattoo; 58.9% did not regard tattoos as a health risk. In terms of attitudes, the mean score in the range of 7–35 (7—most unfavourable to 35—most favourable) was 22.6 (SD 5.2; 95% CI: 22.0–23.2). Scores were higher (p < 0.05) among women (23.1; SD: 5.3), persons aged <20 years (23.6; SD: 5.0) and smokers (23.9; SD: 4.6). Attitudes were found to be more favourable (p < 0.05) in nursing students than in pharmacy or medical students. No relationship was observed with physical activity, healthy diet or drug use. (4) Conclusions: The attitude to tattoos is most favourable among women, persons aged under 20 years and nursing students. In terms of health habits, attitudes are more favourable among smokers, regardless of their level of physical activity, compliance with healthy eating guidelines or consumption of alcohol or other drugs. Full article

16 pages, 347 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Pilot Study on the Relationship between Cardiovascular Health, Musculoskeletal Health, Physical Fitness and Occupational Performance in Firefighters

by Jaron Ras, Denise L. Smith, Elpidoforos S. Soteriades, Andre P. Kengne and Lloyd Leach

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(11), 1703-1718; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12110120 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2712

Abstract

Firefighters’ face life threatening situations and are frequently exposed to numerous physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of conducting a large-scale study on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, physical fitness and occupational [...] Read more.

Firefighters’ face life threatening situations and are frequently exposed to numerous physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial hazards. The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the feasibility of conducting a large-scale study on cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, physical fitness and occupational performance of firefighters. We conducted a cross-sectional pilot study by recruiting 36 firefighters. A researcher-generated questionnaire and physical measures were used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, cardiovascular and musculoskeletal health, physical fitness and occupational performance using a physical ability test (PAT). We documented a high equipment and intra-assessor reliability (r > 0.9). The potential logistic and/or administrative obstacles in the context of a larger study were discerned. Data were successfully retrieved using available equipment and survey instruments. Hypertension (30.6%) dyslipidaemia (33.3%), obesity (36.1%) and physical inactivity (66.7%) were the most prevalent cardiovascular disease risk factors. A significant difference between genders in total PAT completion time was also seen (p < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness, lean body mass, grip strength and leg strength were significantly associated with occupational performance (p < 0.001). The pilot study supports the larger study feasibility and verified equipment and assessors’ reliability for research. Cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health and physical fitness may be related to PAT performance. Full article

9 pages, 319 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Sleep Quality and Physical Activity Level on Gait Speed and Brain Hemodynamics Changes in Young Adults—A Dual-Task Study

by Marina Saraiva, Maria António Castro and João Paulo Vilas-Boas

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(11), 1673-1681; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12110117 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2186

Abstract

Walking requires attentional resources, and the studies using neuroimage techniques have grown to understand the interaction between cortical activity and motor performance. Previous studies reported a decline in gait performance and changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during a dual-task performance compared [...] Read more.

Walking requires attentional resources, and the studies using neuroimage techniques have grown to understand the interaction between cortical activity and motor performance. Previous studies reported a decline in gait performance and changes in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity during a dual-task performance compared to walking only. Some lifestyle factors, such as sleep and physical activity (PA) levels, can compromise walking performance and brain activity. Nonetheless, the studies are scarce. This study aimed to assess gait speed and hemodynamic response in the PFC during a cognitive dual-task (cog-DT) compared to walking only, and to analyze the correlation between PA and sleep quality (SQ) with gait performance and hemodynamic response in the PFC during a single task (ST) and cog-DT performance in young adults. A total of 18 healthy young adults (mean age ± SD = 24.11 ± 4.11 years) participated in this study. They performed a single motor task (mot-ST)—normal walking—and a cog-DT—walking while performing a cognitive task on a smartphone. Gait speed was collected using a motion capture system coupled with two force plates. The hemoglobin differences (Hb-diff), oxyhemoglobin ([oxy-Hb]) and deoxyhemoglobin ([deoxy-Hb]) concentrations in the PFC were obtained using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. The SQ and PA were assessed through the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index and International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form questionnaires, respectively. The results show a decrease in gait speed (p < 0.05), a decrease in [deoxy-Hb] (p < 0.05), and an increase in Hb-diff (p < 0.05) and [oxy-Hb] (p > 0.05) in the prefrontal cortex during the cog-DT compared to the single task. A positive correlation between SQ and Hb-diff during the cog-DT performance was found. In conclusion, the PFC’s hemodynamic response during the cog-DT suggests that young adults prioritize cognitive tasks over motor performance. SQ only correlates with the Hb-diff during the cog-DT, showing that poor sleep quality was associated with increased Hb-diff in the PFC. The gait performance and hemodynamic response do not correlate with physical activity level. Full article

8 pages, 311 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Perception of Vulnerability and Ruminant Thoughts about COVID-19 in Spanish Students

by José-María Figueredo, Cristina García-Ael and Gabriela Topa

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(10), 1463-1470; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12100101 - 1 Oct 2022

Viewed by 1685

Abstract

The current situation in schools in relation to COVID-19 can generate a decrease in academic performance due to factors intrinsic to students. Therefore, rumination about COVID-19 could interfere with students’ attention, resulting in a decrease in their academic performance. Therefore, the objective of [...] Read more.

The current situation in schools in relation to COVID-19 can generate a decrease in academic performance due to factors intrinsic to students. Therefore, rumination about COVID-19 could interfere with students’ attention, resulting in a decrease in their academic performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to explore the relationship between the perception of vulnerability to the disease and rumination about COVID-19 from a cross-sectional sample of post-compulsory education students. The differences in the perception of vulnerability to disease and rumination in different groups were analyzed, separated by gender. Our data suggest a positive relationship between the perception of vulnerability to the disease and ruminants’ thoughts about COVID-19 (r = 0.29). Gender differences are significant, with women having higher scores than men in both variables. Full article

11 pages, 648 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Suicide Rate and Human Development Index, Income, and the Political System in 46 Muslim-Majority Countries: An Ecological Study

by S. M. Yasir Arafat, Marthoenis Marthoenis, Murad M. Khan and Mohsen Rezaeian

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(7), 754-764; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12070055 - 9 Jul 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5292

Abstract

Very little has been researched assessing the relationship between the suicide rate and the ecological perspectives of the country, especially in the Muslim majority countries. We aimed to determine the association between suicide rate and the ecological parameters of 46 Muslim majority countries. [...] Read more.

Very little has been researched assessing the relationship between the suicide rate and the ecological perspectives of the country, especially in the Muslim majority countries. We aimed to determine the association between suicide rate and the ecological parameters of 46 Muslim majority countries. We extracted the Muslim majority countries and their suicide rate, income distribution, distribution of the WHO region and continents, and Human Development Index (HDI). We assessed the correlation of the proportion of Muslim populations, the total population of the countries, number of suicides, continent, income group, political system, and HDI score with the suicide rate. The median suicide rate was 5.45 (IQR = 4.8); 2.9 (IQR = 4) in females and 7.45 (IQR = 8.2) in males per 100,000 population. The males had a significantly higher rate and the highest suicide rate was found in Africa. There are inverse associations between the total suicide rate, the rate in males, and females with HDI, and the income of the country. Furthermore, the suicide rate was significantly higher in countries with democratic systems compared to non-democratic countries. The findings suggest that ecological parameters may have an etiological role on suicides in Muslim countries where HDI and income are inversely associated with suicide rates. Full article

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8 pages, 700 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Body Composition and Nutrients Dietary Intake Changes during COVID-19 Lockdown in Spanish Healthy Postmenopausal Women

by Cristina Acedo, Raul Roncero-Martín, Antonio Sánchez-Fernández, Cristina Mendoza-Holgado, María Pedrera-Canal, Fidel López-Espuela, Purificación Rey-Sánchez, Juan D. Pedrera-Zamorano, Luis M. Puerto-Parejo, Jose M. Moran and Jesús M. Lavado-García

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(6), 631-638; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12060047 - 16 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2257

Abstract

(1) Background: During the COVID-19 lockdown, high rates of physical inactivity and dietary imbalances were reported in both adults and adolescents. Physical separation and isolation not only have a significant impact on the performance of physical activity but also affect people’s lives, particularly [...] Read more.

(1) Background: During the COVID-19 lockdown, high rates of physical inactivity and dietary imbalances were reported in both adults and adolescents. Physical separation and isolation not only have a significant impact on the performance of physical activity but also affect people’s lives, particularly their dietary habits. In the present study, we aimed to examine whether or not bioelectrical impedance-derived body composition parameters and dietary habits were affected during the pandemic-associated lockdown in postmenopausal Spanish women. (2) Methods: Sixty-six women participated in the study (58.7 ± 5.4 years) before (between July–October 2019) and after (August–October 2020) the lockdown, which occurred as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. Body composition parameters were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis while dietary intake of proteins, fat, carbohydrates, and energy was measured by a food frequency questionnaire. (3) Results Regarding body composition, no differences were observed in fat mass in % (mean increase 0.05 (2.74); p = 0.567), fat mass in kg (mean increase −0.07 (4.137); p = 0.356) or lean mass in kg (mean increase 0.20 (1.424); p = 0.636). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two study periods for any of the nutrients studied, nor for energy intake (p > 0.05 in all cases). (4) Conclusions: After comprehensively assessing body composition and dietary intake of protein, fat, carbohydrates, and energy before and after COVID-19 lockdown in healthy adult women in Spain no changes in the parameters studied were observed during the period analyzed in the women examined. Full article

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12 pages, 298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Network That Unites a Qualitative Study on Clinical Psychological Intervention for Women with a History of Breast Cancer and Chronic Pain

by Marilena Maglia, Julie Tortorici, Vittorio Lenzo, Daniela Aiello, Marco Alì, Rosanna Aiello and Pasquale Caponnetto

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(6), 619-630; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12060046 - 11 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2525

Abstract

The aim of this qualitative research is to deepen the knowledge in the field of psycho-oncology and the consequences of chronic and persistent pain by listening to patients’ experiences, their emotions and difficulties in facing this hard condition, and assessing their perception of [...] Read more.

The aim of this qualitative research is to deepen the knowledge in the field of psycho-oncology and the consequences of chronic and persistent pain by listening to patients’ experiences, their emotions and difficulties in facing this hard condition, and assessing their perception of the role of the psychologist in pain management. In this qualitative study, a semistructured interview was used, designed from three research questions: chronic pain and quality of life; chronic pain and psychological well-being; and the role and perception of the psychologist in pain management. The sample consists of 29 women who suffered or have recovered from breast carcinoma, and who currently report having chronic pain due either to the presence of the cancer or as a result of surgery or treatment. Three themes emerged from the thematic analysis: quality of life and psychological well-being, relational well-being, and perception and role of the psychologist. Two subthemes have been identified for each theme: common features of chronic pain and consequences and resilience for the first theme; not feeling understood and willingness to protect loved ones for the second theme; and improvements perceived by users and reasons for not making use of the service for the last theme. In conclusion, the results obtained from the literature and those from the analysis of the interviews are discussed and compared, and reflections are made on possible future implications. Full article

11 pages, 290 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influencing Factors of Behavior for Reducing Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Demand for Related Education

by Chae-Min Yoon and Hye-Jin Kim

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(3), 295-305; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12030021 - 9 Mar 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2914

Abstract

This study investigates the factors influencing university students’ behavior in reducing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the demand for related education. This study utilized a descriptive survey. Data were collected from 192 students in Busan, South Korea, from 1 September to [...] Read more.

This study investigates the factors influencing university students’ behavior in reducing exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and the demand for related education. This study utilized a descriptive survey. Data were collected from 192 students in Busan, South Korea, from 1 September to 31 December 2020 using an online questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation coefficient test, and multiple regression. A positive correlation was observed between knowledge about EDCs and perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and behavior for reducing exposure to EDCs. Perceived benefits had a negative correlation with perceived barriers. Factors affecting students’ behavior for reducing exposure to EDCs were age, enrollment in a health-related department, regular exercise, medication, and intake of healthy foods. Moreover, participants preferred to receive relevant information through a variety of educational resources and online teaching methods, favoring videos and social media, but not group discussions or individual counseling. They also preferred lecture-type education and the use of pamphlets, fliers, newspapers, and magazines. Thus, reducing EDC exposure implies encouraging regular exercise, appropriate health medications, and healthy food consumption; it is also necessary to make educational content accessible to college students via the Internet and mobile phones. Future studies should analyze the effect of reducing EDCs within the body through individual behaviors, to improve people’s physical, emotional, and socio-psychological health status. Full article

12 pages, 264 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of Ruminant Livestock Farmers Related to Zoonotic Diseases in Elassona Municipality, Greece

by Athanasios Moutos, Chrysoula Doxani, Ioannis Stefanidis, Elias Zintzaras and Georgios Rachiotis

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(3), 269-280; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12030019 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5165

Abstract

Zoonotic diseases represent a significant health and economic burden in countries that rely on small ruminant milk production, such as Greece. Greece is endemic for many zoonotic diseases, some of which have occupational determinants. Our aim was to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices [...] Read more.

Zoonotic diseases represent a significant health and economic burden in countries that rely on small ruminant milk production, such as Greece. Greece is endemic for many zoonotic diseases, some of which have occupational determinants. Our aim was to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practices of livestock ruminant farmers concerning zoonoses. This study was performed as a cross-sectional study, using a questionnaire. We interviewed ruminant farmers (n = 204) from 33 settlements of an area with intense agrarian activity. Three index variables, namely knowledge score, attitude score, and practice score, were constructed. The relations between the explanatory variables and the three indexes were assessed based on linear regression analyses. Regarding practices, 23 (11.3%) consume unpasteurized milk or products from unpasteurized milk and no one takes precautionary measures when assisting animals in parturition or during handling birth material. Education level was positively associated with better knowledge and practices, while close veterinary supervision of the farm was associated with better practices regarding the zoonoses prevention. The results indicate the need for continuous awareness and education actions. Close contact with a veterinarian can be utilized as a key tool both with the current brucellosis vaccination program and in the design of awareness campaigns regarding zoonoses in collaboration with other public health personnel. Full article

24 pages, 1346 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tailoring Can Improve Consumers’ Hygienic Food-Handling Behavior to Reduce the Transmission Risk of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria through Food

by Claudia Freivogel, Sarah H. Lehmann and Vivianne H. M. Visschers

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(2), 169-192; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12020014 - 1 Feb 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2909

Abstract

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria spread via food to humans and can seriously impair infection treatment. Hygienic food handling is an effective measure to avoid the transmission of bacteria. Therefore, we tested three types of interventions (tailored, generic, and no intervention) for their effectiveness in [...] Read more.

Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria spread via food to humans and can seriously impair infection treatment. Hygienic food handling is an effective measure to avoid the transmission of bacteria. Therefore, we tested three types of interventions (tailored, generic, and no intervention) for their effectiveness in improving consumers’ hygienic food handling against the spread of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria through foods in a longitudinal randomized control trial. We based the determinants of hygienic food-handling behavior on the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA). The tailored intervention raised self-reported hygienic food handling, self-efficacy, and perceived likelihood of risk compared to no intervention. Moreover, interventions yielded different effects for participants with high vs. low intentions to improve their food-handling behavior. However, there were no differences between the tailored and generic interventions. More research is needed to find out whether including other behavior change techniques in the tailored intervention may increase the effect of tailoring. Full article

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22 pages, 13949 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Barriers and Facilitators to the Use of Lifestyle Apps: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Studies

by Habiba Shabir, Matthew D’Costa, Zain Mohiaddin, Zaeem Moti, Hamza Rashid, Daria Sadowska, Benyamin Alam and Benita Cox

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(2), 144-165; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12020012 - 27 Jan 2022

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5176

Abstract

Background: Mobile-health applications are revolutionising the way healthcare is being delivered. However, current research focusses on apps aimed at monitoring of conditions rather than the prevention of disease. Healthcare apps that prevent disease can be classified as lifestyle apps (LAs) and encompass mindfulness, [...] Read more.

Background: Mobile-health applications are revolutionising the way healthcare is being delivered. However, current research focusses on apps aimed at monitoring of conditions rather than the prevention of disease. Healthcare apps that prevent disease can be classified as lifestyle apps (LAs) and encompass mindfulness, exercise, and diet apps. In order for widespread implementation of these apps, perspectives of the user must be taken into consideration. Therefore, this systematic literature review identifies the barriers and facilitators to the use of LAs from a user’s perspective. Objective: To both identify the facilitators to the use of LAs from a user perspective as well as identify the barriers to the use of LAs from a user perspective. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Qualitative articles focussed on a healthy non-diseased population were obtained. Two independent researchers coded the articles, and themes were identified. Results: Our results found that there were five barriers and five facilitators to app use. The facilitators included (1) motivational aspects to the user, (2) effective marketing and communication, (3) user-centred design and content, (4) humanising technology, and (5) accessibility. The five barriers identified were (1) a non-conducive, (2) poor marketing and branding, (3) controlling and invasive, (4) disengaging content, and (5) inaccessibility. Conclusions: By overcoming the barriers of LAs and encouraging the facilitators found, users are more likely to engage with this method of health promotion. Future research must be conducted on the barriers and facilitators to development and distribution of apps in order for LAs to be implemented in widespread healthcare practice. Full article

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2021

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10 pages, 670 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association between Insufficient Sleep and Dental Caries among Preschoolers in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Multicentre Study

by Masato Ogawa, Hiroto Ogi, Daisuke Nakamura, Teruo Nakamura and Kazuhiro P. Izawa

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2022, 12(1), 1-10; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12010001 - 30 Dec 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3835

Abstract

Recently, sleeping status has attracted attention for its relationship with oral health. In the present study, we have investigated the association between early childhood caries and sleeping status. A multicentre observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 332 preschoolers (aged 3–6 years) and their [...] Read more.

Recently, sleeping status has attracted attention for its relationship with oral health. In the present study, we have investigated the association between early childhood caries and sleeping status. A multicentre observational cross-sectional study was conducted among 332 preschoolers (aged 3–6 years) and their parents in Chitose, Japan. Dental caries and sleeping status were assessed in the children and the sleep quality and health literacy of the parents were also assessed. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used in order to investigate the effect of the sleeping status of the parents and their children on dental caries. Among the children, the prevalence of dental caries experience was 12.7%. The children without caries slept significantly longer and their parents had a better Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score than those with caries experience. The sleeping status and the numbers of caries in the children were significantly correlated. Health literacy was better in those without caries experience. Parents’ PSQI was significantly positively correlated with the numbers of caries in the children (r = 0.19, p = 0.0004). The children’s sleep durations, screen time, and parental smoking status were independently associated with early childhood caries. Poor sleeping status of children and their parents is related to dental caries among preschoolers. Full article

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11 pages, 624 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Psychometric Testing of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale among Iranian Adolescents during COVID-19 Pandemic

by Chung-Ying Lin, Maryam Tofangchiha, Janneke F. M. Scheerman, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Vijay Kumar Chattu and Amir H. Pakpour

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(4), 1269-1279; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11040092 - 14 Oct 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3021

Abstract

(1) Background: The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian adaptation of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) in Iranian adolescents. (2) Methods: Adolescents with a mean age of 15.10 (n = 3197; 47.1% males) were recruited from Qazvin [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The present study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the Persian adaptation of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) in Iranian adolescents. (2) Methods: Adolescents with a mean age of 15.10 (n = 3197; 47.1% males) were recruited from Qazvin city of Iran using a stratified cluster random sampling technique. All children completed the five-item Persian MDAS and information related to background characteristics. Psychometric testing was conducted using classical test theory (CTT) and Rasch models. For CTT, an item-total correlation of >0.4 was considered satisfactory while for Rasch analysis, infit and outfit mean squares (Mnsq) ranging from 0.5–1.5 were considered satisfactory. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the unidimensional structure of MDAS using various fit indices. Differential item functioning (DIF) was evaluated based on gender and time since last dental visit. Moreover, latent class analysis (LCA) was used to classify the participants into different levels of dental fear based on their pattern of responses. Both item level reliability using Cronbachs alpha (α) and test-reliability using intraclass correlation coefficients were evaluated. (3) Results: Item-total correlations ranged from 0.69–0.78, infit MnSq ranged from 0.80 to 1.11 and the range of outfit MnSq was 0.84–1.10. The data confirmed a one-factor structure of MDAS with satisfactory fit indices. DIF analysis indicated that the scale was interpreted similarly across the genders and time since dental visit groups. LCA analysis identified three levels, low, moderate and high levels of dental anxiety. The groups with moderate and high levels of dental anxiety had more females (44.6% and 36.7%) than the group with low level of dental anxiety (18.8%; p < 0.001). α of the total scale was 0.89 and item test-retest reliability ranged from 0.72–0.86. (4) Conclusions: The Persian MDAS was unidimensional with satisfactory psychometric properties evaluated using both CTT and Rasch analysis among Iranian adolescents. The scale was stable across the genders and individuals with different dental visiting patterns. The Persian MDAS also demonstrated excellent reliability. Full article

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20 pages, 1723 KiB

Open AccessStudy Protocol

Immune Fitness and the Psychosocial and Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in The Netherlands: Methodology and Design of the CLOFIT Study

by Pantea Kiani, Agnese Merlo, Hama M. Saeed, Sarah Benson, Gillian Bruce, Rosalie Hoorn, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Aurora J. A. E. van de Loo, Noortje R. Severeijns, Annabel S. M. Sips, Andrew Scholey, Johan Garssen and Joris C. Verster

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(1), 199-218; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11010016 - 20 Feb 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5369

Abstract

This article provides an overview of the design and methodology of the “Corona lockdown: how fit are you?” (CLOFIT) study, including the questionnaires and scales that were included in the online survey. The aim of the CLOFIT study was to investigate the psychosocial [...] Read more.

This article provides an overview of the design and methodology of the “Corona lockdown: how fit are you?” (CLOFIT) study, including the questionnaires and scales that were included in the online survey. The aim of the CLOFIT study was to investigate the psychosocial and health consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the Netherlands. The survey was conducted among the Dutch population to collect data on immune fitness and the psychological and health consequences of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown in the Netherlands. The CLOFIT dataset contains measures from N = 1910 participants and is broadly representative of the Dutch general population. The dataset represents both sexes, a range of ages including the elderly, different education levels, and ethnic backgrounds. The cohort also includes people with a diverse health status and range of medication use. Full article

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16 pages, 2941 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Use of Single-Item Ratings Versus Traditional Multiple-Item Questionnaires to Assess Mood and Health

by Joris C. Verster, Elena Sandalova, Johan Garssen and Gillian Bruce

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(1), 183-198; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11010015 - 20 Feb 2021

Cited by 56 | Viewed by 4828

Abstract

Collecting real-world evidence via ‘at home’ assessments in ambulatory patients or healthy volunteers is becoming increasingly important, both for research purposes and in clinical practice. However, given the mobile technology that is frequently used for these assessments, concise assessments are preferred. The current [...] Read more.

Collecting real-world evidence via ‘at home’ assessments in ambulatory patients or healthy volunteers is becoming increasingly important, both for research purposes and in clinical practice. However, given the mobile technology that is frequently used for these assessments, concise assessments are preferred. The current study compared single-item ratings with multiple-item subscale scores of the same construct, by calculating the corresponding Bland and Altman 95% limits of agreement interval. The analysis showed that single-item ratings are usually in good agreement with assessments of their corresponding subscale. In the case of more complex multimodal constructs, single-item assessments were much less often in agreement with multiple-item questionnaire outcomes. The use of single-item assessments is advocated as they more often incorporate assessments of all aspects of a certain construct (including the presence, severity, and impact of the construct under investigation) compared to composite symptom scores. Full article

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16 pages, 394 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploration of the Spanish Version of the Attachment Style Questionnaire: A Comparative Study between Spanish, Italian, and Japanese Culture

by Oscar López-de-la-Nieta, Mᵃ Alejandra Koeneke Hoenicka, José Luis Martinez-Rubio, Kazuyuki Shinohara, Gianluca Esposito and Giuseppe Iandolo

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(1), 113-128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11010010 - 4 Feb 2021

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7767

Abstract

Nowadays, there are several human attachment measures, most in the form of questionnaires that assess adult attachment styles. This study investigates the use of Feeney, Noller, Hanrahan, Sperling and Berman’s five-factors Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ, 1994), based on Bartholomew’s four-factors model (1991), and [...] Read more.

Nowadays, there are several human attachment measures, most in the form of questionnaires that assess adult attachment styles. This study investigates the use of Feeney, Noller, Hanrahan, Sperling and Berman’s five-factors Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ, 1994), based on Bartholomew’s four-factors model (1991), and Hazan and Shaver’s three-factors model (1987). Nevertheless, no robust study has explored the ASQ questionnaire in Spanish compared to other cultures, such as Italian and Japanese. Therefore, the linguistic translation of the Spanish version of the ASQ was performed, based on the back-translation methodology. The results indicate that 5-factors ASQ Spanish version explains 43.67% of the variance, similar to the original English-Australian ASQ version. The Italian and Japanese versions explain 49.37% and 52.27% of the variance, respectively. No age correlation for any ASQ factors in the Japanese sample was found; meanwhile, the Spanish and Italian cultures showed a positive correlation with age and “Confidence” and negative correlation with age and “Relationships as Secondary” ASQ factors. Some transcultural differences and possible research approaches are addressed. Full article

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12 pages, 352 KiB

Open AccessPerspective

Antimicrobial Resistance in the Context of the Sustainable Development Goals: A Brief Review

by Márió Gajdács, Edit Urbán, Anette Stájer and Zoltán Baráth

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(1), 71-82; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11010006 - 19 Jan 2021

Cited by 95 | Viewed by 11218

Abstract

The reduction in infectious disease morbidity and mortality may be attributed to a variety of factors; however, improved sanitation and public health, and the introduction of vaccines and antibiotics are among the most significant. The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens [...] Read more.

The reduction in infectious disease morbidity and mortality may be attributed to a variety of factors; however, improved sanitation and public health, and the introduction of vaccines and antibiotics are among the most significant. The development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacterial pathogens is an expected consequence of evolutionary adaptation to these noxious agents and the widespread use of these drugs has significantly sped up this process. Infections caused by multidrug resistant pathogens are directly associated with worse clinical outcomes, longer hospital stays, excess mortality in the affected patients and an increasing burden and costs on the healthcare infrastructure. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were published in 2015 by the United Nations to serve as a global blueprint for a better, more equitable, more sustainable life on our planet. The SDGs contextualize AMR as a global public health and societal issue; in addition, the continuing emergence of AMR may limit the attainment on many SDGs. The aim of this mini-review is to provide insight on the interface between attainment of SDGs and the clinical problem of drug resistance in bacteria. Full article

8 pages, 266 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Long-Term Lateral Semicircular Canal Function in Children with Cochlear Implants: Results of Video Head Impulse Test

by Nader Nassif, Cristiano Balzanelli and Luca Oscar Redaelli de Zinis

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11(1), 12-19; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11010002 - 9 Jan 2021

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3002

Abstract

In children with profound deafness, bilateral cochlear implant (CI) is an effective, established procedure. However, its safety on vestibular function has recently been debated. The goal of this study is to evaluate the long-term lateral semicircular canal high-frequency vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (LSC HF VOR) [...] Read more.

In children with profound deafness, bilateral cochlear implant (CI) is an effective, established procedure. However, its safety on vestibular function has recently been debated. The goal of this study is to evaluate the long-term lateral semicircular canal high-frequency vestibulo-oculomotor reflex (LSC HF VOR) in children with CI by video head impulse testing (vHIT). This is a cross-sectional study assessing a cohort of children who received either a unilateral (12) or a bilateral (12) cochlear implant (CI), compared with a control group of 12 normal-hearing children. No significant LSC HF VOR gain difference was found between CI users and controls. In the unilaterally implanted group, the LSC HF VOR gain measured in the “CI-ON” condition was significantly higher than in the “CI-OFF” condition, both in the implanted and in the non-implanted ear. In the bilaterally implanted group, the difference between the two conditions was not significant. Our results do not show any impairment of LSC HF VOR function in children with CI compared to normal-hearing children in the long-term period. This suggests that both unilateral and simultaneous/sequential bilateral CI are procedures that do not impair HF LSC long-term function when analyzed by vHIT. Full article

2020

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9 pages, 2385 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Individual Differences and Similarities in the Judgement of Facial Pain: A Mixed Method Study

by Sheila Glenn, Helen Poole and Paula Oulton

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2020, 10(4), 1186-1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10040083 - 21 Dec 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3154

Abstract

Accurate assessment of pain by health-care professionals is essential to ensure optimal management of pain. An under-researched area is whether personality characteristics affect perception of pain in others. The aims were (a) to determine whether individual differences are associated with participants’ ability to [...] Read more.

Accurate assessment of pain by health-care professionals is essential to ensure optimal management of pain. An under-researched area is whether personality characteristics affect perception of pain in others. The aims were (a) to determine whether individual differences are associated with participants’ ability to assess pain, and (b) to determine facial cues used in the assessment of pain. One hundred and twenty-eight undergraduate students participated. They completed questionnaire assessments of empathy, pain catastrophizing, sensory sensitivity and emotional intelligence. They then viewed and rated four adult facial images (no, medium, and high pain—12 images total) using a 0–10 numerical rating scale, and noted the reasons for their ratings. (a) Empathy was the only characteristic associated with accuracy of pain assessment. (b) Descriptions of eyes and mouth, and eyes alone were most commonly associated with assessment accuracy. This was the case despite variations in the expression of pain in the four faces. Future studies could evaluate the effect on accuracy of pain assessment of (a) training empathic skills for pain assessment, and (b) emphasizing attention to the eyes, and eyes and mouth. Full article

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10 pages, 1313 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cortical Contrast Processing in Retinitis Pigmentosa: Evidence of PVEPs Spatial Functions

by Rafael Mancebo-Azor, José Antonio Sáez-Moreno and José Manuel Rodríguez-Ferrer

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2020, 10(4), 1010-1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10040071 - 16 Oct 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3724

Abstract

Objective: To study the effect of check width size of the stimuli on the amplitude and latency of the P100 component of visual evoked potentials recorded in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods: Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) were recorded in 16 [...] Read more.

Objective: To study the effect of check width size of the stimuli on the amplitude and latency of the P100 component of visual evoked potentials recorded in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Methods: Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PVEPs) were recorded in 16 RP patients and 20 visually normal subjects. Pattern reversal stimuli with five different check widths and 100% of contrast were projected in the right eye of both patients and control subjects. PVEPs induced by stimuli with 78%, 16%, and 6% of contrast were also recorded in 10 of the control subjects. Results: In RP patients, the amplitude of P100 was smaller than controls in all check sized used and the peak P100 amplitude was obtained with a larger check width than in controls. P100 was also delayed in RP patients in all check sizes studied. The P100 amplitude- and latency-check size functions of RP patients were like those found in control subjects with low contrast stimuli of 16% and 6%. Conclusion: The PVEPs spatial functions of RP patients show quantitative and qualitative changes, suggesting disease induced alteration in the neural processing of stimulus contrast. Full article

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15 pages, 331 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperReview

Toxicities Caused by Head and Neck Cancer Treatments and Their Influence on the Development of Malnutrition: Review of the Literature

by Maddison Hunter, Jane Kellett, Kellie Toohey, Nathan M. D’Cunha, Stephen Isbel and Nenad Naumovski

Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2020, 10(4), 935-949; https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10040066 - 2 Oct 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4609

Abstract

Malnutrition poses a significant problem for oncology patients, resulting in fatalities within this population. Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are at high risk, with up to 90% developing malnutrition. Common treatments used for HNC can often lead to adverse side effects, [...] Read more.

Malnutrition poses a significant problem for oncology patients, resulting in fatalities within this population. Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) are at high risk, with up to 90% developing malnutrition. Common treatments used for HNC can often lead to adverse side effects, including oral health conditions, gastrointestinal upsets, and several metabolic changes. Consequently, treatments can cause inadequate nutritional intake, resulting in a reduction in energy consumption, and alterations in energy utilization, contributing to the development of malnutrition. Furthermore, the presence of these treatment toxicities, and the related malnutrition can lead to reduced quality of life, weight loss, and psychological distress. There are interventions available (nutritional, medicinal, and physical therapies) that have demonstrated potential effectiveness in reducing the severity of symptomatic toxicities, reducing the risk of malnutrition, and improving survival outcomes of patients with HNC. Based on the findings of this review, there is an urgent need for the implementation or continuation of multi-disciplinary strategies, as well as updated and improved guidelines to assist in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition caused by treatment-related toxicities in patients with HNC. Full article

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