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Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (4 January 2023) | Viewed by 19377

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Joanna Iwaniec

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicz Alley 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
Interests: system identification, modal analysis, nonlinear systems, signal processing, recurrence plots analysis, numerical methods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a well-established fact that demand for mechanical systems’ reliability, durability, and safety of exploitation is increasing. For economic reasons, shorter design time, cost reduction, longer exploitation period, and minimization of necessary inspections and repairs are receiving increasing attention.

Mechanical structures are essential components of all systems that produce, convert and transmit energy. Frequently, mechanical subsystems represent an integral part of complex systems, while their operation determines efficiency, reliability, and durability of entire systems. In the energy sector, faults of complex systems can be diagnosed by identifying parameters of mechanical subsystems. In turn, the properties of mechanical subsystems can be identified by testing other subassemblies, e.g., electrical, magnetic, acoustic, etc. In recent years, the scope of challenges related to the interactions of mechanical structures of machines with semiconductor devices and microprocessors, as well as measurement and control systems with high dynamics and precision, has increased. Therefore, recently great attention has been paid to the scope and accuracy of such systems’ modelling while the issues of novel design, manufacturing and maintenance methods remain open.

Dr. Joanna Iwaniec
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mechanical structures of power transmission systems
  • parameter identification
  • fault detection in energy systems
  • damage detection
  • damage identification systems
  • energy generation
  • efficiency of energy generation
  • control of power/energy systems
  • structural modification
  • structure optimization in energy generation and transmission systems
  • energy saving machines
  • energy sector
  • power transmission lines
  • overhead power lines
  • wind turbines
  • transmission tower
  • energy harvesting
  • design of mechatronic systems in energy sector

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 7406 KiB  
Article
Triboelectric Nanogenerator-Based Vibration Energy Harvester Using Bio-Inspired Microparticles and Mechanical Motion Amplification
by Nitin Satpute, Marek Iwaniec, Joanna Iwaniec, Manisha Mhetre, Swapnil Arawade, Siddharth Jabade and Marian Banaś
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1315; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031315 - 26 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2871
Abstract
In this work, the novel design of a sliding mode TriboElectric Nano Generator (TENG)—which can utilize vibration amplitude of a few hundred microns to generate useful electric power—is proposed for the first time. Innovative design features include motion modification to amplify relative displacement [...] Read more.
In this work, the novel design of a sliding mode TriboElectric Nano Generator (TENG)—which can utilize vibration amplitude of a few hundred microns to generate useful electric power—is proposed for the first time. Innovative design features include motion modification to amplify relative displacement of the TENG electrodes and use of biological material-based micron-sized powder at one of the electrodes to increase power output. The sliding mode TENG is designed and fabricated with use of polyurethane foam charged with the biological material micropowder and PolyTetraFluoroEthylene (PTFE) strips as the electrodes. Experimentations on the prototype within frequency range of 0.5–6 Hz ensured peak power density of 0.262 mW/m2, corresponding to the TENG electrode size. Further numerical simulation is performed with the theoretical model to investigate the influence of various design parameters on the electric power generated by the TENG. Lastly, application of the proposed TENG is demonstrated in a wearable device as an in-shoe sensor. Conceptual arrangement of the proposed in-shoe sensor is presented, and numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate that the real size application can deliver peak power density of 0.747 mW/m2 and TENG; the voltage will accurately represent foot vertical force for various foot force patterns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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24 pages, 6336 KiB  
Article
Use of Evolutionary Algorithm for Identifying Quantitative Impact of PM2.5 and PM10 on PV Power Generation
by Krzysztof Pytel and Wiktor Hudy
Energies 2022, 15(21), 8192; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15218192 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1483
Abstract
This publication presents the impact of PM10, PM2.5, and cloudiness on the power that is generated by photovoltaic panels—the actual photovoltaic power was measured. Weather parameters that were recorded by a weather station were taken into account, and the dependencies between the weather [...] Read more.
This publication presents the impact of PM10, PM2.5, and cloudiness on the power that is generated by photovoltaic panels—the actual photovoltaic power was measured. Weather parameters that were recorded by a weather station were taken into account, and the dependencies between the weather parameters and the power that was generated by PV panels were determined. This study was based on actual data from a solar cell set and was designed to allow a certain size of a PV system to be able to supply power to a given load. For the entire measurement year, data on PM10, PM2.5, cloudiness, and generated power were collected; by using a genetic algorithm, the influence of the environmental parameters on the power that was generated by the PV panels was calculated. The research shows the influence of anthropogenic factors on the power that is generated by PV panels. It was observed that PM2.5 and PM10 air pollution decreased the power by about 16% among the analyzed factors as they were related to cloudiness. The impact of the pollution was stable over the year in the analyzed location. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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18 pages, 5298 KiB  
Article
Investigation into Power Line Supporting Structure Dynamic Properties by Means of Impulse Test
by Joanna Iwaniec, Marek Iwaniec, Piotr Kurowski and Krystian Szopa
Energies 2022, 15(15), 5707; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155707 - 5 Aug 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1365
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of a large, full-scale construction requires proper excitation in order to induce vibrations that can be measured and further processed. The amount of delivered energy over the frequency band must be sufficient to excite all the mode shapes in the studied [...] Read more.
Dynamic analysis of a large, full-scale construction requires proper excitation in order to induce vibrations that can be measured and further processed. The amount of delivered energy over the frequency band must be sufficient to excite all the mode shapes in the studied range. The paper concerns the pseudo-impulse pull-and-release method that allows to determine frequency response functions of a large, lightly damped structure and estimate its modal parameters. The main advantage of the developed method is the great independence of the repetitiveness of the experiment’s operational parameters. The output time histories from subsequent partial experiments are accurately synchronised and normalised without measuring the signal of input excitation. The research conducted for the full-scale transmission tower results in modal parameters, estimated by classical and pseudo-impulse methods. The applied pseudo-impulse improves the conditioning of the excitation and results in the better readability of stabilisation diagrams as well as in a better stabilisation of the poles that are not clearly represented in the input data. The proposed method allows for the visualisation of poles which are non-detectable in cases of classical analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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17 pages, 9055 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Model of Rolling-Element Bearing Vibration Signal
by Adam Jablonski
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4819; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134819 - 30 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1765
Abstract
The generation of synthetic vibration signals enables the testing of novel machine diagnostic methods without the costly introduction of real failures. One of major goals of vibration-based condition monitoring is the early detection of bearing faults. This paper presents a novel modeling technique [...] Read more.
The generation of synthetic vibration signals enables the testing of novel machine diagnostic methods without the costly introduction of real failures. One of major goals of vibration-based condition monitoring is the early detection of bearing faults. This paper presents a novel modeling technique based on the combination of the known mechanical properties of a modeled object (phenomenological part) and observation of a real object (behavioral part). The model uses the real pulse response of bearing housing, along with the external instantaneous machine speed profile. The presented method is object-oriented, so it is applicable to a large group of machinery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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37 pages, 11838 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Aeroacoustic Phenomena Generated by Heterogeneous Column of Vehicles
by Władysław Marek Hamiga and Wojciech Bronisław Ciesielka
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4669; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134669 - 25 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1879
Abstract
The last decade has seen an exponential interest in conventional and unconventional energy issues. This trend has also extended to road transport issues and is driven by expectations to minimize fuel and/or energy consumption and negative environmental impact. In the global literature, much [...] Read more.
The last decade has seen an exponential interest in conventional and unconventional energy issues. This trend has also extended to road transport issues and is driven by expectations to minimize fuel and/or energy consumption and negative environmental impact. In the global literature, much attention is focused on the work of autonomous transport, both passenger and trucks, and on the phenomena of platooning. The paper presents original aerodynamic and aeroacoustic tests of heterogeneous vehicle columns. In the work, models of a car, a van and a truck were built, followed by heterogeneous columns with different distances between the vehicles. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods and two turbulence models, k−ω shear stress transport (SST) and large eddy simulation (LES), were used in this study. The study enabled the determination of drag coefficients and lift force. Application of the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FW-H) analogy allowed for the determination of the distributions of sound pressure levels generated by moving vehicles and columns of vehicles. In order to verify the developed models, acoustic field measurements were made for the following passages: passenger car, van, and truck. Acoustic pressure level and A-weighted sound level (SPL) were measured in Krakow and in its vicinity. Research has shown that grouping vehicles into optimal columns and maintaining distances between vehicles using modern control systems can result in significant energy savings and reduce harmful emissions to the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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20 pages, 2090 KiB  
Article
Performance Comparison of Native and Hybrid Android Mobile Applications Based on Sensor Data-Driven Applications Based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Wi-Fi Communication Architecture
by Aleksander Kaczmarczyk, Piotr Zając and Wojciech Zabierowski
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4574; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134574 - 23 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2904
Abstract
In the age of smartphones and tablets, the popularity of mobile applications is rising extremely quickly. There are countless purposes for using them, such as communication, social media, news, sending emails, shopping, paying, watching videos and streams, and playing games. Google’s Android is [...] Read more.
In the age of smartphones and tablets, the popularity of mobile applications is rising extremely quickly. There are countless purposes for using them, such as communication, social media, news, sending emails, shopping, paying, watching videos and streams, and playing games. Google’s Android is currently the most frequently used mobile system in the world. The main aim of this article is to compare native and hybrid mobile applications created for this system, taking into account the needs and challenges of designing systems using BLE and Wi-Fi. The comparison was based on mobile applications implemented in the Java 8 language and the Ionic framework. The aim was to compare the efficiency of data processing in both technologies, in order to indicate dependencies that can help in the selection of technologies in the projects under development based on BLE, Wi-Fi and sensor networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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24 pages, 5899 KiB  
Article
Proposal of Multidimensional Data Driven Decomposition Method for Fault Identification of Large Turbomachinery
by Mateusz Zabaryłło and Tomasz Barszcz
Energies 2022, 15(10), 3651; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15103651 - 16 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1776
Abstract
High-power turbomachines are equipped with flexible rotors and journal bearings and operate above their first and sometimes even second critical speed. The transient response of such a system is complex but can provide valuable information about the dynamic state and potential malfunctions. However, [...] Read more.
High-power turbomachines are equipped with flexible rotors and journal bearings and operate above their first and sometimes even second critical speed. The transient response of such a system is complex but can provide valuable information about the dynamic state and potential malfunctions. However, due to the high complexity of the signal and the nonlinearity of the system response, the analysis of transients is a highly complex process that requires expert knowledge in diagnostics, machine dynamics, and extensive experience. The article proposes the Multidimensional Data Driven Decomposition (MD3) method, which allows decomposing a complex transient into several simpler, easier to analyze functions. These functions have physical meaning. Thus, the method belongs to the Explainable Artificial Intelligence area. The MD3 method proposes three scenarios and chooses the best based on the MSE quality index. The approach was first verified on a test rig and then validated on data from a real object. The results confirm the correctness of the method assumptions and performance. Furthermore, the MD3 method successfully identified the failure of rotor unbalance, both on the test rig and the real object data (large generator rotor in the power plant). Finally, further directions for research and development of the method are proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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15 pages, 5549 KiB  
Article
Vibration Reduction System with a Linear Motor: Operation Modes, Dynamic Performance, Energy Consumption
by Paweł Orkisz and Bogdan Sapiński
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1910; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051910 - 5 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2093
Abstract
The study aimed to present the features of a 2-DOF vibration reduction system (VRS) equipped with a linear electrodynamic motor in passive, semi-active and active mode. At first, the VRS model was formulated. Then, simulation tests of the VRS were conducted to distinguish [...] Read more.
The study aimed to present the features of a 2-DOF vibration reduction system (VRS) equipped with a linear electrodynamic motor in passive, semi-active and active mode. At first, the VRS model was formulated. Then, simulation tests of the VRS were conducted to distinguish its most advantageous features in each mode and to analyze dynamic performance and energy consumption. Next, the VRS was experimentally tested to evaluate its effectiveness in each mode for the assumed excitations and to compare tests results against simulation data. In active mode, a sliding mode algorithm was employed for motor control, while in semi-active mode, the equivalent damping coefficient analysis was used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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15 pages, 3394 KiB  
Article
Multi-Variant Modal Analysis Approach for Large Industrial Machine
by Kajetan Dziedziech, Krzysztof Mendrok, Piotr Kurowski and Tomasz Barszcz
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1871; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051871 - 3 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1715
Abstract
Power generation technologies are essential for modern economies. Modal Analysis (MA) is advanced but well-established method for monitoring of structural integrity of critical assets, including power ones. Apart from classical MA, the Operational Modal Analysis approach is widely used in the study of [...] Read more.
Power generation technologies are essential for modern economies. Modal Analysis (MA) is advanced but well-established method for monitoring of structural integrity of critical assets, including power ones. Apart from classical MA, the Operational Modal Analysis approach is widely used in the study of dynamic properties of technical objects. The principal reasons are its advantages over the classical approach, such as the lack of necessity to apply the excitation force to the object and isolate it from other excitation sources. However, for industrial facilities, the operational excitation rarely takes the form of white noise. Especially in the case of rotating machines, the presence of rotational speed harmonics in the response signals causes problems with the correct identification of the modal model. The article presents a hybrid approach where combination of results of two Operational Modal Analyses and Experimental Modal Analysis is performed to improve the models’ quality. The proposed approach was tested on data obtained from a 215 MW turbogenerator operating in one of Polish power plants. With the proposed approach it was possible to diagnose the machine’s excessive vibration level correctly. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Identification of Mechanical Systems in the Energy Sector)
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