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Advances in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technologies
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Advances in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J1: Heat and Mass Transfer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 March 2025 | Viewed by 3998

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Marco Lorenzini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale, Campus di Forlì, Università di Bologna, Via Fontanelle 40, 47131 Forlì, Italy
Interests: heat transfer and fluid flow in microchannels; thermal management; second-law/exergy analysis
Dr. Marco Pellegrini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering (DIN), University of Bologna, Viale Fontanelle, 40-47121 Forli, Italy
Interests: renewable energy; multiphase flow plant; waste treatment; waste recovery and waste-to-energy plants; health and safety at work
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Refrigeration and heat pumps impact the end-use energy consumption of residential, industrial and commercial sectors. Air conditioning and refrigeration are responsible for about 20% of the global energy demand, which is expected to more than double by 2050.

The global warming potential (GWP) of working fluids customarily employed and the energy efficiency of refrigeration and heat pump systems are responsible for the non-negligible greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere, and have prompted regulatory actions, e.g. by the European Union for their phaseout. Similarly, the energy efficiency of components and refrigeration systems must increase to limit energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with plant operation.

These issues pose significant challenges to the refrigeration industry, such as:

  • the search for new working fluids able to substitute high-GWP refrigerants;
  • the safety aspects associated with the mostly flammable alternatives to high-GWP refrigerants;
  • the expected growth of air conditioning demand in sunbelt Countries and the subsequent increase in GHG emissions;
  • the increase in energy efficiency of components and refrigeration and heat pump systems;
  • the increasing market demand for low-cost and limited maintenance devices.

The topics to be addressed in this Special Issue on “Advances in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technologies” include but are not limited to:

  • Energy efficiency of refrigeration components and systems for domestic, residential, industrial and commercial applications;
  • High-temperature heat pumps for industrial applications;
  • Cascade systems for combined cooling and heating;
  • Demand side management;
  • Integration with renewables;
  • Digitalisation, smart control and operations;
  • Alternatives to vapour compression systems;
  • Environmental impact of refrigeration and heat pump technologies;
  • Alternative and low-GWP working fluids;
  • Natural refrigerants and their applications;
  • Safety issues and risk assessment for flammable refrigerants.

Dr. Marco Lorenzini
Dr. Marco Pellegrini
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • industrial refrigeration
  • renewable energy
  • low-GWP refrigerants
  • demand-side management
  • industry 4.0
  • energy and exergy efficiency

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3958 KiB  
Article
An Experimental Comparison of the Performances of a Small Water-to-Water Heat Pump Working with R1234ze(E) and Its Mixture R515B
by Luca Molinaroli, Andrea Lucchini and Luigi Pietro Maria Colombo
Energies 2024, 17(23), 5812; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17235812 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 218
Abstract
The study presents the results of an experimental investigation aimed at evaluating the performance of a water-to-water heat pump utilising R1234ze(E) and R515B in a drop-in application. Several operating conditions are tested, varying the mass flow rates and temperatures of the secondary fluids [...] Read more.
The study presents the results of an experimental investigation aimed at evaluating the performance of a water-to-water heat pump utilising R1234ze(E) and R515B in a drop-in application. Several operating conditions are tested, varying the mass flow rates and temperatures of the secondary fluids that pass through the heat exchangers while maintaining the compressor shaft rotational frequency and the vapour superheating at the evaporator outlet constant. Overall, when compared to R1234ze(E), the utilisation of R515B results in capacity and COP variations within −6.81% to +2.46% and −2.41% to +6.29%, respectively. Regarding the performance of the compressor, R515B exhibits comparable volumetric and overall efficiency, while a slightly lower refrigerant temperature at the compressor discharge is found, with differences ranging from −3.1 °C to −0.5 °C. Overall, R515B appears to be more suitable than R1234ze(E) for applications in the high-temperature range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technologies)
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20 pages, 7704 KiB  
Article
Development of Key Components for 5 kW Ammonia–Water Absorption Chiller with Air-Cooled Absorber and Condenser
by Desy Agung, Gabriel Garcia Genta, Arnas Lubis, M. Idrus Alhamid and Nasruddin Nasruddin
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4376; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174376 - 1 Sep 2024
Viewed by 990
Abstract
An absorption chiller is an alternative cooling system that operates using heat from renewable energy sources and employs environmentally friendly working fluids, such as ammonia–water or lithium bromide–water. Given Indonesia’s high solar energy potential, solar cooling systems using absorption chillers are particularly promising. [...] Read more.
An absorption chiller is an alternative cooling system that operates using heat from renewable energy sources and employs environmentally friendly working fluids, such as ammonia–water or lithium bromide–water. Given Indonesia’s high solar energy potential, solar cooling systems using absorption chillers are particularly promising. Solar thermal energy has been demonstrated to effectively power absorption chiller systems through both simulations and experiments. In Indonesia, there is significant potential to utilize small-capacity solar absorption chillers for buildings, particularly those employing air-cooled condensers and absorbers, which can reduce operational and maintenance costs. This research aimed to design a prototype of a 5 kW solar-assisted ammonia–water absorption chiller system specifically for residential applications. The system will be air-cooled to minimize space requirements compared to traditional water-cooled systems. The study addressed the design and specifications of the system’s components, dimensional considerations, and an analysis of the impact of the measurement instrument on the research outcomes. The results provide precise dimensions and specifications for the system components, offering a reference for the development of more advanced systems in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technologies)
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Review

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28 pages, 2842 KiB  
Review
Heat Transfer Performance Factors in a Vertical Ground Heat Exchanger for a Geothermal Heat Pump System
by Khaled Salhein, C. J. Kobus, Mohamed Zohdy, Ahmed M. Annekaa, Edrees Yahya Alhawsawi and Sabriya Alghennai Salheen
Energies 2024, 17(19), 5003; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17195003 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1143
Abstract
Ground heat pump systems (GHPSs) are esteemed for their high efficiency within renewable energy technologies, providing effective solutions for heating and cooling requirements. These GHPSs operate by utilizing the relatively constant temperature of the Earth’s subsurface as a thermal source or sink. This [...] Read more.
Ground heat pump systems (GHPSs) are esteemed for their high efficiency within renewable energy technologies, providing effective solutions for heating and cooling requirements. These GHPSs operate by utilizing the relatively constant temperature of the Earth’s subsurface as a thermal source or sink. This feature allows them to perform greater energy transfer than traditional heating and cooling systems (i.e., heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC)). The GHPSs represent a sustainable and cost-effective temperature-regulating solution in diverse applications. The ground heat exchanger (GHE) technology is well known, with extensive research and development conducted in recent decades significantly advancing its applications. Improving GHE performance factors is vital for enhancing heat transfer efficiency and overall GHPS performance. Therefore, this paper provides a comprehensive review of research on various factors affecting GHE performance, such as soil thermal properties, backfill material properties, borehole depth, spacing, U-tube pipe properties, and heat carrier fluid type and velocity. It also discusses their impact on heat transfer efficiency and proposes optimal solutions for improving GHE performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technologies)
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50 pages, 10262 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Ejector-Enhanced Vapor Compression Heat Pump and Refrigeration Systems—A Review
by Sven Gruber, Klemen Rola, Danijela Urbancl and Darko Goričanec
Energies 2024, 17(16), 4043; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164043 - 15 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1137
Abstract
The incorporation of ejectors into heat pump and refrigeration cycles has been the subject of growing interest, largely due to their simple structure, high reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This paper investigates the recent advancements in novel design concepts of ejector-enhanced vapor compression heat pump [...] Read more.
The incorporation of ejectors into heat pump and refrigeration cycles has been the subject of growing interest, largely due to their simple structure, high reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This paper investigates the recent advancements in novel design concepts of ejector-enhanced vapor compression heat pump and refrigeration cycles. An overview of novel single-stage and two-stage compression cycles utilizing a single or multiple ejectors is provided. First, the system setup, operational principles, description, and figures of the existing schemes are provided. Second, the main results, such as the coefficient of performance (COP), volumetric heating capacity and exergy destruction, are discussed. In conclusion, the paper presents a coherent summary of the current developments, future prospects, and the current knowledge gap. A plethora of research is present in developing theoretical systems with high efficiency. However, experimental tests for real-life implementations are limited. This review aims to provide the reader with an overview of recent theoretical and experimental studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Refrigeration and Heat Pump Technologies)
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