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Random Matrices: Theory and Applications

A special issue of Entropy (ISSN 1099-4300). This special issue belongs to the section "Statistical Physics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 October 2023) | Viewed by 7837

Special Issue Editors


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Instituto de Física, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 66318, Sao Paulo 05314-970, Brazil
Interests: random matrix; statistical physics; quantum information
Department of Computer Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Interests: coding theory; computer algebra system; information theory (classical and quantum); orthogonal polynomials; random matrix theory; special functions
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A few years after the E. Wigner’s proposal of the ensemble of random Gaussian matrices, R. Balian showed that it can be obtained by maximizing the Shannon entropy of the joint distribution of their entries. Balian also discussed the introduction of constraints in order to derive other kind of ensembles. Decades later, this scheme was used to generate what has been called the generalized ensemble obtained by maximizing so-called non-additive entropy. As it happens with the Gaussian ensemble, the invariance of the joint distribution is preserved under unitary transformations. The further development of this new ensemble led to the introduction of the concept of disorder in random matrices theories.

Turning now to quantum information, random matrices entered the field by providing models of random pure states to study entropies that describe the entanglement of bipartite systems. In this case, the ensembles used are those with fixed trace matrices.

In another more recent development, PT-symmetry systems aroused the interest in non-Hermitian Hamiltonians or, more precisely, in the class of pseudo-Hermitian operators whose eigenvalues, as it occurs in the PT case, are real or complex conjugates. The question, in this case, is the transition that occurs in the quantum entanglement measured by von Neumann entropy when, as a function of its parameters, a Hamiltonian changes from a regime of real to a regime of complex conjugate eigenvalues.

Dr. Mauricio Porto Pato
Dr. Lu Wei
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • statistical physics
  • quantum information theory
  • random matrices
  • entanglement entropy
  • special functions
  • generalized matrix ensembles
  • disordered ensembles
  • pseudo-Hermitian operators
  • PT-symmetric Hamiltonians
  • maximum entropy principles
  • random walks
  • quantum entanglement
  • entanglement with non-Hermitian Hamiltonians
  • bipartite systems

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 235 KiB  
Article
Local Unitary Equivalence of Quantum States Based on the Tensor Decompositions of Unitary Matrices
by Jing Wang, Xiaoqi Liu, Li Xu, Ming Li, Lei Li and Shuqian Shen
Entropy 2023, 25(8), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25081139 - 29 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1196
Abstract
Since two quantum states that are local unitary (LU) equivalent have the same amount of entanglement, it is meaningful to find a practical method to determine the LU equivalence of given quantum states. In this paper, we present a valid process to find [...] Read more.
Since two quantum states that are local unitary (LU) equivalent have the same amount of entanglement, it is meaningful to find a practical method to determine the LU equivalence of given quantum states. In this paper, we present a valid process to find the unitary tensor product decomposition for an arbitrary unitary matrix. Then, by using this process, the conditions for determining the local unitary equivalence of quantum states are obtained. A numerical verification is carried out, which shows the practicability of our protocol. We also present a property of LU invariants by using the universality of quantum gates which can be used to construct the complete set of LU invariants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Random Matrices: Theory and Applications)
11 pages, 450 KiB  
Article
The Double Dyson Index β Effect in Non-Hermitian Tridiagonal Matrices
by Cleverson A. Goulart and Mauricio P. Pato
Entropy 2023, 25(6), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060868 - 29 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1207
Abstract
The Dyson index, β, plays an essential role in random matrix theory, as it labels the so-called “three-fold way” that refers to the symmetries satisfied by ensembles under unitary transformations. As is known, its 1, 2, and 4 values denote the [...] Read more.
The Dyson index, β, plays an essential role in random matrix theory, as it labels the so-called “three-fold way” that refers to the symmetries satisfied by ensembles under unitary transformations. As is known, its 1, 2, and 4 values denote the orthogonal, unitary, and symplectic classes, whose matrix elements are real, complex, and quaternion numbers, respectively. It functions, therefore, as a measure of the number of independent non-diagonal variables. On the other hand, in the case of β ensembles, which represent the tridiagonal form of the theory, it can assume any real positive value, thus losing that function. Our purpose, however, is to show that, when the Hermitian condition of the real matrices generated with a given value of β is removed, and, as a consequence, the number of non-diagonal independent variables doubles, non-Hermitian matrices exist that asymptotically behave as if they had been generated with a value 2β. Therefore, it is as if the β index were, in this way, again operative. It is shown that this effect happens for the three tridiagonal ensembles, namely, the β–Hermite, the β–Laguerre, and the β–Jacobi ensembles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Random Matrices: Theory and Applications)
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20 pages, 408 KiB  
Article
Stieltjes Transforms and R-Transforms Associated with Two-Parameter Lambert–Tsallis Functions
by Hideto Nakashima and Piotr Graczyk
Entropy 2023, 25(6), 858; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25060858 - 27 May 2023
Viewed by 1379
Abstract
In this paper, we study a two-parameter family of Stieltjes transformations related to holomorphic Lambert–Tsallis functions, which are a two-parameter generalization of the Lambert function. Such Stieltjes transformations appear in the study of eigenvalue distributions of random matrices associated with some growing statistically [...] Read more.
In this paper, we study a two-parameter family of Stieltjes transformations related to holomorphic Lambert–Tsallis functions, which are a two-parameter generalization of the Lambert function. Such Stieltjes transformations appear in the study of eigenvalue distributions of random matrices associated with some growing statistically sparse models. A necessary and sufficient condition on the parameters is given for the corresponding functions being Stieltjes transformations of probabilistic measures. We also give an explicit formula of the corresponding R-transformations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Random Matrices: Theory and Applications)
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12 pages, 314 KiB  
Article
Orthogonal Polynomials with Singularly Perturbed Freud Weights
by Chao Min and Liwei Wang
Entropy 2023, 25(5), 829; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050829 - 22 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1188
Abstract
In this paper, we are concerned with polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to the singularly perturbed Freud weight functions. By using Chen and Ismail’s ladder operator approach, we derive the difference equations and differential-difference equations satisfied by the recurrence coefficients. We also [...] Read more.
In this paper, we are concerned with polynomials that are orthogonal with respect to the singularly perturbed Freud weight functions. By using Chen and Ismail’s ladder operator approach, we derive the difference equations and differential-difference equations satisfied by the recurrence coefficients. We also obtain the differential-difference equations and the second-order differential equations for the orthogonal polynomials, with the coefficients all expressed in terms of the recurrence coefficients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Random Matrices: Theory and Applications)
16 pages, 334 KiB  
Article
A Note on Cumulant Technique in Random Matrix Theory
by Alexander Soshnikov and Chutong Wu
Entropy 2023, 25(5), 725; https://doi.org/10.3390/e25050725 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1691
Abstract
We discuss the cumulant approach to spectral properties of large random matrices. In particular, we study in detail the joint cumulants of high traces of large unitary random matrices and prove Gaussian fluctuation for pair-counting statistics with non-smooth test functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Random Matrices: Theory and Applications)
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