Innovative Approaches for Wood Preservation

A special issue of Forests (ISSN 1999-4907). This special issue belongs to the section "Wood Science and Forest Products".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 7283

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Wood Science, Chemistry and Technology, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, School of Geotechnical Sciences, International Hellenic University, Thermi, Greece
Interests: wood; wood composites; lignocellulosic materials; chemical and thermal modification technologies; nanotechnology and nanomaterilas; adhesives
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wood, a versatile material, has been used for centuries for many reasons, due to its fibrous nature. It varies in color and density and is considered a primary raw material in buildings due to its high strength in combination with its low weight and durability. It is, therefore, a raw material that can be used in indoor applications and, if treated efficiently, in outdoor application as well. However, wood has two main disadvantages that restrict its wider use, namely a susceptibility to biodegradability by microorganisms and a dimensional instability when subjected to a varied moisture content. Most wood species deteriorate rapidly with biological factors; the most important biological decay is caused by fungi. On the other hand, when wood is subjected to a fluctuating moisture, dimensional and conformational instability occur. These drawbacks are mainly due to the cell wall main polymers and, in particular, due to their high abundance of hydroxyl groups. Conventional wood impregnation methods (water or oil type preservatives) are based primarily on the use of toxic chemicals. Environmental concerns, particularly with regard to the disposal of treated wood at the end of product life, are now causing restrictions to be imposed upon the utilization of conventional chemical treatments. An alternative method of enhancing the durability of wood and other lignocellulosic materials without the use of conventional biocides and improving its dimensional stability is chemical or thermal modification. Another option to improve these properties is to exploit the solutions that nanotechnology can offer. Employing nanotechnology on wood can result in a next generation of products with hyper-performance and superior service ability when used in severe environments, since it is well known that the cell wall of wood exhibits the porosity of molecular scale dimensions, due to the partial filling of space between the cellulose microfibrils by lignin, hemicelluloses and extractives. The small size nanoparticles of such nanotechnology compounds can deeply penetrate into the wood, effectively alter its surface chemistry, and result in a high protection against moisture and decay.

This Special Issue, “Innovative Approaches for Wood Preservation”, seeks high-quality works and topics, not only those focusing on the latest approaches to the protection of wood and wood composites with chemical or thermal modification technologies, but also the application of nanomaterials to wood science and the development of new techniques and technologies for the production of lignocellulosic materials with enhanced properties and performance.

Prof. Dr. Antonios Papadopoulos
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • wood
  • composites
  • wood-based panels
  • durability
  • decay
  • moisture
  • chemical modification
  • thermal modification
  • nanotechnology
  • preservation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

23 pages, 7386 KiB  
Review
Bio-Based Polyurethane Resins Derived from Tannin: Source, Synthesis, Characterisation, and Application
by Manggar Arum Aristri, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis, Apri Heri Iswanto, Widya Fatriasari, Rita Kartika Sari, Petar Antov, Milada Gajtanska, Antonios N. Papadopoulos and Antonio Pizzi
Forests 2021, 12(11), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/f12111516 - 3 Nov 2021
Cited by 37 | Viewed by 6557
Abstract
Tannins are soluble, astringent secondary phenolic metabolites generally obtained from renewable natural resources, and can be found in many plant parts, such as fruits, stems, leaves, seeds, roots, buds, and tree barks, where they have a protective function against bacterial, fungal, and insect [...] Read more.
Tannins are soluble, astringent secondary phenolic metabolites generally obtained from renewable natural resources, and can be found in many plant parts, such as fruits, stems, leaves, seeds, roots, buds, and tree barks, where they have a protective function against bacterial, fungal, and insect attacks. In general, tannins can be extracted using hot water or organic solvents from the bark, leaves, and stems of plants. Industrially, tannins are applied to produce adhesives, wood coatings, and other applications in the wood and polymer industries. In addition, tannins can also be used as a renewable and environmentally friendly material to manufacture bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) to reduce or eliminate the toxicity of isocyanates used in their manufacture. Tannin-based bio-PUs can improve the mechanical and thermal properties of polymers used in the automotive, wood, and construction industries. The various uses of tannins need to be put into perspective with regards to possible further advances and future potential for value-added applications. Tannins are employed in a wide range of industrial applications, including the production of leather and wood adhesives, accounting for almost 90% of the global commercial tannin output. The shortage of natural resources, as well as the growing environmental concerns related to the reduction of harmful emissions of formaldehyde or isocyanates used in the production of polyurethanes, have driven the industrial and academic interest towards the development of tannin-based bio-PUs as sustainable alternative materials with satisfactory characteristics. The aim of the present review is to comprehensively summarize the current state of research in the field of development, characterization, and application of tannin-derived, bio-based polyurethane resins. The successful synthesis process of the tannin-based bio-PUs was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Approaches for Wood Preservation)
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