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Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers
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Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Behavior, Chronic Disease and Health Promotion".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 July 2021) | Viewed by 27083

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Erika Zazzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medicine and Health Science, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
Interests: PRDM genes; cancers; signal transduction; cancer; cell cycle; apoptosis; androgens; estrogens; prostate cancer; breast cancer; oxidative stress; steroid receptors; testicular germ cell tumors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Monica Rienzo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environmental, Biological, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
Interests: PRDM genes; cancer; transcriptional regulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ciro Abbondanza

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via L. De Crecchio, 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: PRDM genes; steroid receptors; cancers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer represents the second leading cause of mortality, and its incidence is steadily increasing worldwide. Both genetic background and modifiable environmental/lifestyle factors account for cancer etiology. Among them, overweight/obesity, junk food intake, and physical inactivity play a pivotal role.

Moreover, gender is recognized as a major factor controlling incidence, therapeutic responses, and mortality of several cancers. We invite authors to submit both original research articles and review articles that cover recent research advances in the understanding of the links between life style, gender, and cancers.

Dr. Erika Di Zazzo
Dr. Monica Rienzo
Prof. Dr. Ciro Abbondanza
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Lifestyle
  • Obesity
  • Cancer
  • Gender
  • Sex
  • Diet
  • Physical activity
  • Hormones
  • Cancer risk factor

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1298 KiB  
Article
Colorectal Cancer in Young and Older Adults in Uruguay: Changes in Recent Incidence and Mortality Trends
by Carina Musetti, Mariela Garau, Rafael Alonso, Marion Piñeros, Isabelle Soerjomataram and Enrique Barrios
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(15), 8232; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158232 - 3 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3072
Abstract
Uruguay has the highest colorectal cancer incidence rates in Latin America. Previous studies reported a stable incidence and a slight increase in mortality among males. We aimed to assess colorectal cancer incidence (2002–2017) and mortality trends (1990–2017) by age groups and sex, using [...] Read more.
Uruguay has the highest colorectal cancer incidence rates in Latin America. Previous studies reported a stable incidence and a slight increase in mortality among males. We aimed to assess colorectal cancer incidence (2002–2017) and mortality trends (1990–2017) by age groups and sex, using data from the National Cancer Registry. Annual percent changes (APCs) were estimated using joinpoint regression models. We included 27,561 colorectal cancer cases and 25,403 deaths. We found an increasing incidence among both males and females aged 40–49, with annual increases of 3.1% (95%CI: 1.21–5.03) and 2.1% (95%CI: 0.49–3.66), respectively, and an increasein the rate in older males (70+) of 0.60% (95%CI: 0.02–1.20) per year between 2002 and 2017. Mortality remained stable among those younger than 50, whereas it decreased for older females aged 50–69 and 70+ (APC: −0.61% (−1.07–0.14) and −0.68% (−1.02–0.34), respectively), and increased for the oldest males (70+; APC: 0.74 (0.47–1.01)). In conclusion, we found rising colorectal cancer incidence accompanied by stable mortality in young adults. Sex disparities were also found among the older adults, with a more favorable pattern for females. Exposures to dietary and lifestyle risk factors, and inequalities in access to and awareness of screening programs, are probably among the main underlying causes and deserve further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers)
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9 pages, 329 KiB  
Article
Sun Exposure during Water Sports: Do Elite Athletes Adequately Protect Their Skin against Skin Cancer?
by Guillermo De Castro-Maqueda, Jose V. Gutierrez-Manzanedo, Carolina Lagares-Franco and Magdalena de Troya-Martin
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 800; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020800 - 19 Jan 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3752
Abstract
Excessive sun exposure is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Outdoor sports performed without adequate photoprotection are risky practices in this respect. This study examines whether elite athletes in water sports (specifically surfing, windsurfing, and sailing) take appropriate measures to protect their [...] Read more.
Excessive sun exposure is the main avoidable cause of skin cancer. Outdoor sports performed without adequate photoprotection are risky practices in this respect. This study examines whether elite athletes in water sports (specifically surfing, windsurfing, and sailing) take appropriate measures to protect their skin from the sun, and whether there are differences in this respect according to age, gender, or sports discipline. This study is based on a questionnaire-based health survey. World championship competitors completed a self-administered questionnaire on their sun protection and exposure habits, as well as sunburns during the last sports season. In total, 246 participants, with an age range of 16–30 years, completed the questionnaire. Of these, 49.6% used inadequate sun protection. Those who protected their skin appropriately tended to be older than those who did not (average age = 23.28 and 20.69 years, respectively; p = 0.000). There were no significant differences in sun protection habits between male and female athletes. The rate of sunburn was very high (76.7%). A high proportion (22.5%) of participants never used sunscreen. Elite athletes in water sports are at real risk of skin lesions from overexposure to the sun, associated with inadequate photoprotection practices. Campaigns to raise awareness and to promote the early detection of skin cancer should target these risk groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers)

Review

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17 pages, 3842 KiB  
Review
Impact of Sexual Activity on the Risk of Male Genital Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Literature
by Felice Crocetto, Davide Arcaniolo, Luigi Napolitano, Biagio Barone, Roberto La Rocca, Marco Capece, Vincenzo Francesco Caputo, Ciro Imbimbo, Marco De Sio, Francesco Paolo Calace and Celeste Manfredi
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(16), 8500; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168500 - 11 Aug 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4518
Abstract
Most cancers are related to lifestyle and environmental risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, and environment (occupational exposures). A growing interest in the association between sexual activity (SA) and the development of different types of tumors in both men and women [...] Read more.
Most cancers are related to lifestyle and environmental risk factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, and environment (occupational exposures). A growing interest in the association between sexual activity (SA) and the development of different types of tumors in both men and women has been recorded in recent years. The aim of the present systematic review is to describe and critically discuss the current evidence regarding the association between SA and male genital cancers (prostatic, penile, and testicular), and to analyze the different theories and biological mechanisms reported in the literature. A comprehensive bibliographic search in the MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases was performed in July 2021. Papers in the English language without chronological restrictions were selected. Retrospective and prospective primary clinical studies, in addition to previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses, were included. A total of 19 studies, including 953,704 patients were selected. Case reports, conference abstracts, and editorial comments were excluded. Men with more than 20 sexual partners in their lifetime, and those reporting more than 21 ejaculations per month, reported a decreased risk of overall and less aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). About 40% of penile cancers (PCs) were HPV-associated, with HPV 16 being the dominant genotype. Data regarding the risk of HPV in circumcised patients are conflicting, although circumcision appears to have a protective role against PC. Viral infections and epididymo-orchitis are among the main sex-related risk factors studied for testicular cancer (TC); however, data in the literature are limited. Testicular trauma can allow the identification of pre-existing TC. SA is closely associated with the development of PC through high-risk HPV transmission; in this context, phimosis appears to be a favoring factor. Sexual behaviors appear to play a significant role in PCa pathogenesis, probably through inflammatory mechanisms; however, protective sexual habits have also been described. A direct correlation between SA and TC has not yet been proven, although infections remain the most studied sex-related factor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers)
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18 pages, 595 KiB  
Review
Relationship Dynamics among Couples Dealing with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Marco Valente, Ilaria Chirico, Giovanni Ottoboni and Rabih Chattat
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(14), 7288; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147288 - 7 Jul 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 4893
Abstract
Most studies have been concerned with the experiences and needs of women with breast cancer and spouses/partners separately. In this review, the relationship dynamics that characterize the couple’s experience of breast cancer treatment were investigated. Findings will inform both researchers and professionals in [...] Read more.
Most studies have been concerned with the experiences and needs of women with breast cancer and spouses/partners separately. In this review, the relationship dynamics that characterize the couple’s experience of breast cancer treatment were investigated. Findings will inform both researchers and professionals in the area of oncology. A systematic literature search was performed in CINAHL, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science. A checklist for qualitative and observational studies was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the studies. Seventeen studies were included, and the synthesis of the literature revealed five domains that characterized the dyadic process: dyadic coping strategies, psychosocial support, communication, the couple’s sexual life and spirituality. The included studies provide the basis for knowledge and awareness about the experience of couples with cancer, the specific dimensions enacted during the breast cancer treatment path and the type of responses that are associated with a positive couple’s adjustment to the disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers)
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23 pages, 1213 KiB  
Review
Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and Microbiota: Which Impact on Lung Cancer?
by Ersilia Nigro, Fabio Perrotta, Filippo Scialò, Vito D’Agnano, Marta Mallardo, Andrea Bianco and Aurora Daniele
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(5), 2399; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052399 - 1 Mar 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5785
Abstract
Lung cancer still represents the leading cause of cancer-related death, globally. Likewise, malnutrition and inactivity represent a major risk for loss of functional pulmonary capacities influencing overall lung cancer severity. Therefore, the adhesion to an appropriate health lifestyle is crucial in the management [...] Read more.
Lung cancer still represents the leading cause of cancer-related death, globally. Likewise, malnutrition and inactivity represent a major risk for loss of functional pulmonary capacities influencing overall lung cancer severity. Therefore, the adhesion to an appropriate health lifestyle is crucial in the management of lung cancer patients despite the subtype of cancer. This review aims to summarize the available knowledge about dietary approaches as well as physical activity as the major factors that decrease the risk towards lung cancer, and improve the response to therapies. We discuss the most significant dietary schemes positively associated to body composition and prognosis of lung cancer and the main molecular processes regulated by specific diet schemes, functional foods and physical activity, i.e., inflammation and oxidative stress. Finally, we report evidence demonstrating that dysbiosis of lung and/or gut microbiome, as well as their interconnection (the gut–lung axis), are strictly related to dietary patterns and regular physical activity playing a key role in lung cancer formation and progression, opening to the avenue of modulating the microbiome as coadjuvant therapy. Altogether, the evidence reported in this review highlights the necessity to consider non-pharmacological interventions (nutrition and physical activity) as effective adjunctive strategies in the management of lung cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers)
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Other

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17 pages, 869 KiB  
Systematic Review
Gender-Dependent Specificities in Cutaneous Melanoma Predisposition, Risk Factors, Somatic Mutations, Prognostic and Predictive Factors: A Systematic Review
by Oriana D’Ecclesiis, Saverio Caini, Chiara Martinoli, Sara Raimondi, Camilla Gaiaschi, Giulio Tosti, Paola Queirolo, Camilla Veneri, Calogero Saieva, Sara Gandini and Susanna Chiocca
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(15), 7945; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18157945 - 27 Jul 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3950
Abstract
Background and aim: Over the last decades, the incidence of melanoma has been steadily growing, with 4.2% of the population worldwide affected by cutaneous melanoma (CM) in 2020 and with a higher incidence and mortality in men than in women. We investigated both [...] Read more.
Background and aim: Over the last decades, the incidence of melanoma has been steadily growing, with 4.2% of the population worldwide affected by cutaneous melanoma (CM) in 2020 and with a higher incidence and mortality in men than in women. We investigated both the risk factors for CM development and the prognostic and predictive factors for survival, stratifying for both sex and gender. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies indexed in PUB-MED, EMBASE, and Scopus until 4 February 2021. We included reviews, meta-analyses, and pooled analyses investigating differences between women and men in CM risk factors and in prognostic and predictive factors for CM survival. Data synthesis: Twenty-four studies were included, and relevant data extracted. Of these, 13 studies concerned potential risk factors, six concerned predictive factors, and five addressed prognostic factors of melanoma. Discussion: The systematic review revealed no significant differences in genetic predisposition to CM between males and females, while there appear to be several gender disparities regarding CM risk factors, partly attributable to different lifestyles and behavioral habits between men and women. There is currently no clear evidence of whether the mutational landscapes of CM differ by sex/gender. Prognosis is justified by a complex combination of phenotypes and immune functions, while reported differences between genders in predicting the effectiveness of new treatments are inconsistent. Overall, the results emerging from the literature reveal the importance of considering the sex/gender variable in all studies and pave the way for including it towards precision medicine. Conclusions: Men and women differ genetically, biologically, and by social construct. Our systematic review shows that, although fundamental, the variable sex/gender is not among the ones collected and analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lifestyle, Gender and Cancers)
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