Cardiac Surgery: Recent Advances

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 3818

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
Interests: heart failure; mechanical circulatory support; cardiac surgery; heart team

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiac surgery has changed with increasing speed since the introduction of TAVI and TEER techniques. The field has become minimally invasive but more complex and challenging. The “heart team”, which started in the TAVI field, has extended to all fields of cardiac surgery and cardiology. These two disciplines have never been as close as they are now. In particular, minimally invasive cardiac surgery has been a major issue over the last few years.

While some surgical fields have decreased in number, congenital heart disease (CHD) and heart failure (HF) surgery—especially mechanical circulatory support (MCS)—have been on the rise over the last few years. With new techniques and technology, both areas of cardiac surgery continue to grow.

Aortic surgery, another large field in cardiac surgery, has gone through a lot of paradigm changes in recent years.

We welcome submissions in all fields of cardiac surgery, which will go through the peer reviewing process.

Dr. Mehmet Oezkur
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • heart failure
  • aortic surgery
  • heart team approach
  • congenital heart disease
  • minimally invasive surgery

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 469 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Obesity on Short- and Long-Term Outcome after Surgical Treatment for Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
by Philipp Pfeiffer, Karen Wittemann, Leon Mattern, Vanessa Buchholz, Hazem El Beyrouti, Ahmed Ghazy, Mehmet Oezkur, Georg Daniel Duerr, Chris Probst, Hendrik Treede and Daniel-Sebastian Dohle
Life 2024, 14(8), 955; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14080955 - 30 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Background: A paradox of lower morbidity and mortality in overweight or obese patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been described; however, knowledge about the influence of obesity in patients with acute Type A aortic dissection (AAD) is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the [...] Read more.
Background: A paradox of lower morbidity and mortality in overweight or obese patients undergoing cardiac surgery has been described; however, knowledge about the influence of obesity in patients with acute Type A aortic dissection (AAD) is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of obesity on short- and long-term outcomes after surgical treatment for AAD. Methods: Between 01/2004 and 12/2022, 912 patients with a BMI of 18.5 or greater were operated on for AAD. Patients were grouped according to their BMI (normal weight: BMI 18.5–24.9, n = 332; overweight: BMI 25–29.9, n = 367; obesity class I: BMI 30–34.9, n = 133; obesity class II+: BMI ≥ 35, n = 67), and the obtained clinical and surgical data were compared. Results: Obese patients were younger at the time of AAD (p = 0.001) and demonstrated higher rates of typical cardiovascular comorbidities (arterial hypertension, p = 0.005; diabetes mellitus, p < 0.001). The most important preoperative parameters, as well as the surgical approach, were similar between all four groups. The occurrence of renal failure requiring dialysis was higher in patients with BMI ≥ 35 (p = 0.010), but the in-hospital (p = 0.461) and long-term survival (p = 0.894) showed no significant differences. Conclusions: There are no indications that the obesity paradox is applicable in the setting of AAD. Since obese patients are affected by AAD at a younger age, obesity might constitute a risk factor for AAD. However, obesity does not influence short- or long-term survival. Regardless of body weight, immediate surgical therapy remains the treatment of choice for AAD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Surgery: Recent Advances)
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Review

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15 pages, 582 KiB  
Review
Start Strong, Finish Strong: A Review of Prehabilitation in Cardiac Surgery
by Vincent Bargnes III, Steven Davidson, Lillian Talbot, Zhaosheng Jin, Jeremy Poppers and Sergio D. Bergese
Life 2024, 14(7), 832; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070832 - 29 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2563
Abstract
Cardiac surgery constitutes a significant surgical insult in a patient population that is often marred by significant comorbidities, including frailty and reduced physiological reserve. Prehabilitation programs seek to improve patient outcomes and recovery from surgery by implementing a number of preoperative optimization initiatives. [...] Read more.
Cardiac surgery constitutes a significant surgical insult in a patient population that is often marred by significant comorbidities, including frailty and reduced physiological reserve. Prehabilitation programs seek to improve patient outcomes and recovery from surgery by implementing a number of preoperative optimization initiatives. Since the initial trial of cardiac prehabilitation twenty-four years ago, new data have emerged on how to best utilize this tool for the perioperative care of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This review will explore recent cardiac prehabilitation investigations, provide clinical considerations for an effective cardiac prehabilitation program, and create a framework for future research studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiac Surgery: Recent Advances)
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