Submit to Materials Review for Materials Propose a Special Issue

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

► Journal Browser

Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue
Published Papers

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2021) | Viewed by 43061

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds book cover image

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Antonio Boccaccio

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Dipartimento di Meccanica, Matematica e Management (DMMM), Campus "Ernesto Quagliariello", Politecnico di Bari, Via Edoardo Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: bioengineering; morphological optimization of biomaterials; modeling and simulation of biomedical devices and mechanobiological processes; optical techniques for reverse engineering; characterization of biomedical materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recent development of additive manufacturing techniques has allowed the building of regular scaffolds made from a very wide gamma of biocompatible materials and including complex and sophisticated geometries that can be optimized to increase the scaffold performance in terms of mechanical resistance and mechanobiological properties. This has made the design process of materials for bone tissue scaffolds an issue of crucial importance and the object of study of many researchers throughout the world. It is commonly known, in fact, that the rate of bone tissue regeneration and the cellular response is significantly influenced by the scaffold structural response that is, in turn, a function of the scaffold micro-architecture and of the mechanical properties of the material it is made from. The adhesion of stem cells to the scaffold surface as well as the tissue differentiation process occurring in the scaffold pores, are regulated by mechanobiological mechanisms taking place at both the micro- (i.e. some micrometers, approximately the dimension of a stem cell) and macro- (i.e. some hundreds of micrometers, the dimension of scaffold pores) level, respectively. The scaffold surface must be adequately structured to favor the adhesion of stem cells and their consequent differentiation. Similarly, the scaffold architecture must be properly shaped and the scaffold material must be adequately designed to trigger favorable biophysical stimuli, leading to the formation of the bony tissue.

Different studies have recently been published with the aim of better understanding the relationship between the scaffold geometry/material properties and the consequent mechanobiological phenomena taking place inside the scaffold during the regeneration process. However, no clear explanations are yet available on the relationship existing between the mechanical environment and the consequent biological response of tissues occupying the scaffold pores. This Special Issue will gather papers by materials scientists and bone tissue engineers focusing on (but not limited to):

- design techniques to optimize the scaffold performance;

- design of microstructured surfaces to favor the adhesion of stem cells;

- in vitro/in vivo studies aimed to establish relationships between the scaffold structural response and the tissue regeneration process;

- development of innovative biomaterials to fabricate scaffolds for bone tissue engineering;

- optimization of additively manufactured materials to increase scaffold performance;

- computational mechanobiological models simulating the tissue differentiation process in scaffolds.

Dr. Antonio Boccaccio
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Geometry optimization of scaffolds
Micro-structured surfaces
Cell adhesion
Computational mechanobiology
Additively manufactured materials

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (13 papers)

Download All Papers

Order results

Result details

Show export options Show export options

Select all

Export citation of selected articles as:

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

4 pages, 193 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds

by Antonio Boccaccio

Materials 2021, 14(20), 5985; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14205985 - 12 Oct 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2053

Abstract

The strong impulse recently experienced by the manufacturing technologies as well as the development of innovative biocompatible materials has allowed the fabrication of high-performing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. The design process of materials for bone tissue scaffolds represents, nowadays, an issue of crucial importance and the object of study of many researchers throughout the world. A number of studies have been conducted, aimed at identifying the optimal material, geometry, and surface that the scaffold must possess to stimulate the formation of the largest amounts of bone in the shortest time possible. This book presents a collection of 10 research articles and 2 review papers describing numerical and experimental design techniques definitively aimed at improving the scaffold performance, shortening the healing time, and increasing the success rate of the scaffold implantation process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

13 pages, 2232 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Titanium Functionalized with Polylysine Homopolymers: In Vitro Enhancement of Cells Growth

by Maria Contaldo, Alfredo De Rosa, Ludovica Nucci, Andrea Ballini, Davide Malacrinò, Marcella La Noce, Francesco Inchingolo, Edit Xhajanka, Kenan Ferati, Arberesha Bexheti-Ferati, Antonia Feola and Marina Di Domenico

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3735; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133735 - 3 Jul 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2702

Abstract

In oral implantology, the success and persistence of dental implants over time are guaranteed by the bone formation around the implant fixture and by the integrity of the peri-implant mucosa seal, which adheres to the abutment and becomes a barrier that hinders bacterial penetration and colonization close to the outer parts of the implant. Research is constantly engaged in looking for substances to coat the titanium surface that guarantees the formation and persistence of the peri-implant bone, as well as the integrity of the mucous perimeter surrounding the implant crown. The present study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of a titanium surface coated with polylysine homopolymers on the cell growth of dental pulp stem cells and keratinocytes to establish the potential clinical application. The results reported an increase in cell growth for both cellular types cultured with polylysine-coated titanium compared to cultures without titanium and those without coating. These preliminary data suggest the usefulness of polylysine coating not only for enhancing osteoinduction but also to speed the post-surgery mucosal healings, guarantee appropriate peri-implant epithelial seals, and protect the fixture against bacterial penetration, which is responsible for compromising the implant survival. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6265 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Situ and Ex Situ Designed Hydroxyapatite: Bacterial Cellulose Materials with Biomedical Applications

by Adrian Ionut Nicoara, Alexandra Elena Stoica, Denisa-Ionela Ene, Bogdan Stefan Vasile, Alina Maria Holban and Ionela Andreea Neacsu

Materials 2020, 13(21), 4793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214793 - 27 Oct 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3359

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HAp) and bacterial cellulose (BC) composite materials represent a promising approach for tissue engineering due to their excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of two types of materials based on HAp and BC, with antibacterial properties provided by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The composite materials were obtained following two routes: (1) HAp was obtained in situ directly in the BC matrix containing different amounts of AgNPs by the coprecipitation method, and (2) HAp was first obtained separately using the coprecipitation method, then combined with BC containing different amounts of AgNPs by ultrasound exposure. The obtained materials were characterized by means of XRD, SEM, and FT-IR, while their antimicrobial effect was evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), and yeast (Candida albicans). The results demonstrated that the obtained composite materials were characterized by a homogenous porous structure and high water absorption capacity (more than 1000% w/w). These materials also possessed low degradation rates (<5% in simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C) and considerable antimicrobial effect due to silver nanoparticles (10–70 nm) embedded in the polymer matrix. These properties could be finetuned by adjusting the content of AgNPs and the synthesis route. The samples prepared using the in situ route had a wider porosity range and better homogeneity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2304 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bioengineering Bone Tissue with 3D Printed Scaffolds in the Presence of Oligostilbenes

by Francesca Posa, Adriana Di Benedetto, Giampietro Ravagnan, Elisabetta Ada Cavalcanti-Adam, Lorenzo Lo Muzio, Gianluca Percoco and Giorgio Mori

Materials 2020, 13(20), 4471; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13204471 - 9 Oct 2020

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2913

Abstract

Diseases determining bone tissue loss have a high impact on people of any age. Bone healing can be improved using a therapeutic approach based on tissue engineering. Scientific research is demonstrating that among bone regeneration techniques, interesting results, in filling of bone lesions and dehiscence have been obtained using adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) integrated with biocompatible scaffolds. The geometry of the scaffold has critical effects on cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Many cytokines and compounds have been demonstrated to be effective in promoting MSCs osteogenic differentiation. Oligostilbenes, such as Resveratrol (Res) and Polydatin (Pol), can increase MSCs osteoblastic features. 3D printing is an excellent technique to create scaffolds customized for the lesion and thus optimized for the patient. In this work we analyze osteoblastic features of adult MSCs integrated with 3D-printed polycarbonate scaffolds differentiated in the presence of oligostilbenes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 6011 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

An Algorithm to Optimize the Micro-Geometrical Dimensions of Scaffolds with Spherical Pores

by Óscar Libardo Rodríguez-Montaño, Carlos Julio Cortés-Rodríguez, Antonio Emmanuele Uva, Michele Fiorentino, Michele Gattullo, Vito Modesto Manghisi and Antonio Boccaccio

Materials 2020, 13(18), 4062; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13184062 - 13 Sep 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2356

Abstract

Despite the wide use of scaffolds with spherical pores in the clinical context, no studies are reported in the literature that optimize the micro-architecture dimensions of such scaffolds to maximize the amounts of neo-formed bone. In this study, a mechanobiology-based optimization algorithm was implemented to determine the optimal geometry of scaffolds with spherical pores subjected to both compression and shear loading. We found that these scaffolds are particularly suited to bear shear loads; the amounts of bone predicted to form for this load type are, in fact, larger than those predicted in other scaffold geometries. Knowing the anthropometric characteristics of the patient, one can hypothesize the possible value of load acting on the scaffold that will be implanted and, through the proposed algorithm, determine the optimal dimensions of the scaffold that favor the formation of the largest amounts of bone. The proposed algorithm can guide and support the surgeon in the choice of a “personalized” scaffold that better suits the anthropometric characteristics of the patient, thus allowing to achieve a successful follow-up in the shortest possible time. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 4614 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds

by Katarzyna Krukiewicz, David Putzer, Nicole Stuendl, Birgit Lohberger and Firas Awaja

Materials 2020, 13(13), 2991; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13132991 - 5 Jul 2020

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2352

Abstract

Due to its versatility, small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with biological cells and tissues, graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent filler for various polymeric composites and is frequently used to expand their functionality. Even though the major advantage of the incorporation of GO is the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composite material, GO is also known to improve bioactivity during biomineralization and promote osteoblast adhesion. In this study, we described the fabrication of a composite bone cement made of GO and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and we investigated its potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Through the analysis of three differentiation markers, namely alkaline phosphatase, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the presence and in the absence of an osteogenic differentiation medium, we were able to indicate a composite produced manually with a thick GO paper as the most effective among all investigated samples. This effect was related to its developed surface, possessing a significant number of voids and pores. In this way, GO/PMMA composites were shown as promising materials for the applications in bone tissue engineering. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 7990 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Use of an Inorganic Bone Matrix in the Repair of Bone Defects in Rats Submitted to Experimental Alcoholism

by Iris Jasmin Santos German, Karina Torres Pomini, Ana Carolina Cestari Bighetti, Jesus Carlos Andreo, Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis, André Luis Shinohara, Geraldo Marco Rosa Júnior, Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira, Marcelie Priscila de Oliveira Rosso, Daniela Vieira Buchaim and Rogério Leone Buchaim

Materials 2020, 13(3), 695; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030695 - 4 Feb 2020

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2795

Abstract

To assess the effects of chronic alcoholism on the repair of bone defects associated with xenograft. Forty male rats were distributed in: control group (CG, n = 20) and experimental group (EG, n = 20), which received 25% ethanol ad libitum after a period of adaptation. After 90 days of liquid diet, the rats were submitted to 5.0-mm bilateral craniotomy on the parietal bones, subdividing into groups: CCG (control group that received only water with liquid diet and the defect was filled with blood clot), BCG (control group that received only water with liquid diet and the defect was filled with biomaterial), CEG (alcoholic group that received only ethanol solution 25% v/v with liquid diet and the defect was filled with blood clot), and BEG (alcoholic group that received only ethanol solution 25% v/v with liquid diet and the defect was filled with biomaterial). In the analysis of body mass, the drunk animals presented the lowest averages in relation to non-drunk animals during the experimental period. Histomorphologically all groups presented bone formation restricted to the defect margins at 60 days, with bone islets adjacent to the BCG biomaterial particles. CEG showed significant difference compared to BEG only at 40 days (17.42 ± 2.78 vs. 9.59 ± 4.59, respectively). In the birefringence analysis, in early periods all groups showed red-orange birefringence turning greenish-yellow at the end of the experiment. The results provided that, regardless of clinical condition, i.e., alcoholic or non-alcoholic, in the final period of the experiment, the process of bone defect recomposition was similar with the use of xenograft or only clot. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

20 pages, 6279 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Mechanobiological Approach to Design and Optimize Bone Tissue Scaffolds 3D Printed with Fused Deposition Modeling: A Feasibility Study

by Gianluca Percoco, Antonio Emmanuele Uva, Michele Fiorentino, Michele Gattullo, Vito Modesto Manghisi and Antonio Boccaccio

Materials 2020, 13(3), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13030648 - 1 Feb 2020

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3546

Abstract

In spite of the rather large use of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique for the fabrication of scaffolds, no studies are reported in the literature that optimize the geometry of such scaffold types based on mechanobiological criteria. We implemented a mechanobiology-based optimization algorithm to determine the optimal distance between the strands in cylindrical scaffolds subjected to compression. The optimized scaffolds were then 3D printed with the FDM technique and successively measured. We found that the difference between the optimized distances and the average measured ones never exceeded 8.27% of the optimized distance. However, we found that large fabrication errors are made on the filament diameter when the filament diameter to be realized differs significantly with respect to the diameter of the nozzle utilized for the extrusion. This feasibility study demonstrated that the FDM technique is suitable to build accurate scaffold samples only in the cases where the strand diameter is close to the nozzle diameter. Conversely, when a large difference exists, large fabrication errors can be committed on the diameter of the filaments. In general, the scaffolds realized with the FDM technique were predicted to stimulate the formation of amounts of bone smaller than those that can be obtained with other regular beam-based scaffolds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 1844 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Lactoferrin-Hydroxyapatite Containing Spongy-Like Hydrogels for Bone Tissue Engineering

by Ana R. Bastos, Lucília P. da Silva, F. Raquel Maia, Sandra Pina, Tânia Rodrigues, Filipa Sousa, Joaquim M. Oliveira, Jillian Cornish, Vitor M. Correlo and Rui L. Reis

Materials 2019, 12(13), 2074; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12132074 - 27 Jun 2019

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3625

Abstract

The development of bioactive and cell-responsive materials has fastened the field of bone tissue engineering. Gellan gum (GG) spongy-like hydrogels present high attractive properties for the tissue engineering field, especially due to their wide microarchitecture and tunable mechanical properties, as well as their ability to entrap the responsive cells. Lactoferrin (Lf) and Hydroxyapatite (HAp) are bioactive factors that are known to potentiate faster bone regeneration. Thus, we developed an advanced three-dimensional (3D) biomaterial by integrating these bioactive factors within GG spongy-like hydrogels. Lf-HAp spongy-like hydrogels were characterized in terms of microstructure, water uptake, degradation, and concomitant release of Lf along the time. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) were seeded and the capacity of these materials to support hASCs in culture for 21 days was assessed. Lf addition within GG spongy-like hydrogels did not change the main features of GG spongy-like hydrogels in terms of porosity, pore size, degradation, and water uptake commitment. Nevertheless, HAp addition promoted an increase of the pore wall thickness (from ~13 to 28 µm) and a decrease on porosity (from ~87% to 64%) and mean pore size (from ~12 to 20 µm), as well as on the degradability and water retention capabilities. A sustained release of Lf was observed for all the formulations up to 30 days. Cell viability assays showed that hASCs were viable during the culture period regarding cell-laden spongy-like hydrogels. Altogether, we demonstrate that GG spongy-like hydrogels containing HAp and Lf in high concentrations gathered favorable 3D bone-like microenvironment with an increased hASCs viability with the presented results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

15 pages, 10576 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Starfish Bone-Derived β-Tricalcium Phosphate as a Bone Substitute Material

by Haruka Ishida, Hisao Haniu, Akari Takeuchi, Katsuya Ueda, Mahoko Sano, Manabu Tanaka, Takashi Takizawa, Atsushi Sobajima, Takayuki Kamanaka and Naoto Saito

Materials 2019, 12(11), 1881; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12111881 - 11 Jun 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3935

Abstract

We evaluated starfish-derived β-tricalcium phosphate (Sf-TCP) obtained by phosphatization of starfish-bone-derived porous calcium carbonate as a potential bone substitute material. The Sf-TCP had a communicating pore structure with a pore size of approximately 10 μm. Although the porosity of Sf-TCP was similar to that of Cerasorb M (CM)—a commercially available β-TCP bone filler—the specific surface area was roughly three times larger than that of CM. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed that pores communicated to the inside of the Sf-TCP. Cell growth tests showed that Sf-TCP improved cell proliferation compared with CM. Cells grown on Sf-TCP showed stretched filopodia and adhered; cells migrated both to the surface and into pores. In vivo, vigorous tissue invasion into pores was observed in Sf-TCP, and more fibrous tissue was observed for Sf-TCP than CM. Moreover, capillary formation into pores was observed for Sf-TCP. Thus, Sf-TCP showed excellent biocompatibility in vitro and more vigorous bone formation in vivo, indicating the possible applications of this material as a bone substitute. In addition, our findings suggested that mimicking the microstructure derived from whole organisms may facilitate the development of superior artificial bone. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Other

23 pages, 4998 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Carriers, and Animal Models in the Development of Novel Bone Regenerative Therapies

by Nikola Stokovic, Natalia Ivanjko, Drazen Maticic, Frank P. Luyten and Slobodan Vukicevic

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3513; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133513 - 24 Jun 2021

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3680

Abstract

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) possess a unique ability to induce new bone formation. Numerous preclinical studies have been conducted to develop novel, BMP-based osteoinductive devices for the management of segmental bone defects and posterolateral spinal fusion (PLF). In these studies, BMPs were combined with a broad range of carriers (natural and synthetic polymers, inorganic materials, and their combinations) and tested in various models in mice, rats, rabbits, dogs, sheep, and non-human primates. In this review, we summarized bone regeneration strategies and animal models used for the initial, intermediate, and advanced evaluation of promising therapeutical solutions for new bone formation and repair. Moreover, in this review, we discuss basic aspects to be considered when planning animal experiments, including anatomical characteristics of the species used, appropriate BMP dosing, duration of the observation period, and sample size. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

43 pages, 6595 KiB

Open AccessReview

Exploring Macroporosity of Additively Manufactured Titanium Metamaterials for Bone Regeneration with Quality by Design: A Systematic Literature Review

by Daniel Martinez-Marquez, Ylva Delmar, Shoujin Sun and Rodney A. Stewart

Materials 2020, 13(21), 4794; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214794 - 27 Oct 2020

Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4425

Abstract

Additive manufacturing facilitates the design of porous metal implants with detailed internal architecture. A rationally designed porous structure can provide to biocompatible titanium alloys biomimetic mechanical and biological properties for bone regeneration. However, increased porosity results in decreased material strength. The porosity and pore sizes that are ideal for porous implants are still controversial in the literature, complicating the justification of a design decision. Recently, metallic porous biomaterials have been proposed for load-bearing applications beyond surface coatings. This recent science lacks standards, but the Quality by Design (QbD) system can assist the design process in a systematic way. This study used the QbD system to explore the Quality Target Product Profile and Ideal Quality Attributes of additively manufactured titanium porous scaffolds for bone regeneration with a biomimetic approach. For this purpose, a total of 807 experimental results extracted from 50 different studies were benchmarked against proposed target values based on bone properties, governmental regulations, and scientific research relevant to bone implants. The scaffold properties such as unit cell geometry, pore size, porosity, compressive strength, and fatigue strength were studied. The results of this study may help future research to effectively direct the design process under the QbD system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

Other

Jump to: Editorial, Research, Review

10 pages, 9381 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Design Techniques to Optimize the Scaffold Performance: Freeze-dried Bone Custom-made Allografts for Maxillary Alveolar Horizontal Ridge Augmentation

by Felice Roberto Grassi, Roberta Grassi, Leonardo Vivarelli, Dante Dallari, Marco Govoni, Gianna Maria Nardi, Zamira Kalemaj and Andrea Ballini

Materials 2020, 13(6), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061393 - 19 Mar 2020

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3641

Abstract

The purpose of the current investigation was to evaluate the clinical success of horizontal ridge augmentation in severely atrophic maxilla (Cawood and Howell class IV) using freeze-dried custom made bone harvested from the tibial hemiplateau of cadaver donors, and to analyze the marginal bone level gain prior to dental implant placement at nine months subsequent to bone grafting and before prosthetic rehabilitation. A 52-year-old woman received custom made bone grafts. The patient underwent CT scans two weeks prior and nine months after surgery for graft volume and density analysis. The clinical and radiographic bone observations showed a very low rate of resorption after bone graft and implant placement. The custom-made allograft material was a highly effective modality for restoring the alveolar horizontal ridge, resulting in a reduction of the need to obtain autogenous bone from a secondary site with predictable procedure. Further studies are needed to investigate its behavior at longer time periods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds)

► Show Figures

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Design of Materials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (13 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI