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Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes

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A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Advances in Metabolomics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 November 2024) | Viewed by 12250

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Dr. Alex Castro

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Guest Editor

Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
Interests: exercise physiology; exercise; physical activity; aging; metabolomics; omic sciences; lipidomics; cardiorespiratory fitness; endurance training; high-intensity interval training; bioenergetics; nuclear magnetic resonance

Prof. Dr. Mara Patrıcia Traina Chacon-Mikahi

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Guest Editor

School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, Brazil
Interests: cardiovascular physiology; exercise; aerobic and combined physical training; aging; hypertension; physiological adaptation; molecular adaptation; metabolic adaptation

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical exercise promotes several physical and mental benefits to the human body and plays an important role in the prevention of chronic diseases. The effects of exercise are mediated by a complex process that involves the activation of integrated body systems at the molecular and cellular levels. The increasing use of metabolomics technologies in this field has allowed researchers to investigate the impact of exercise on the body through analyzing metabolites released by tissues such as skeletal muscle, bone and liver into blood, saliva, urine and sweat. Therefore, metabolomics approaches have contributed to a very comprehensive metabolic picture, enabling a more complete and accurate identification of the underlying mechanisms, pathways and biomarkers involved in disease; helping to assess therapeutic efficacy; and design personalized exercise programs for optimal health and performance, as well as for the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders. Thus, in this Special Issue, researchers are encouraged to submit manuscripts (original research, reviews, mini reviews and perspective articles) based on metabolomic approaches, focusing on acute and chronical changes caused by exercise, as well as the combination of physical exercise with other therapies (nutrition and medication), in individuals with or without morbidities, athletes and individuals of different sex, race, ethnicity and/or region

Dr. Alex Castro
Prof. Dr. Mara Patrıcia Traina Chacon-Mikahi
Guest Editors

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Keywords

metabolome
metabolites
exercise
physical activity
metabolic signatures

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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17 pages, 2679 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Metabolic Predictors of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Responsiveness to Continuous Endurance and High-Intensity Interval Training Programs: The TIMES Study—A Randomized Controlled Trial

by Alex Castro, Antonio Gilberto Ferreira, Aparecida Maria Catai, Matheus Alejandro Bolina Amaral, Claudia Regina Cavaglieri and Mara Patrícia Traina Chacon-Mikahil

Metabolites 2024, 14(9), 512; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14090512 - 23 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1013

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) levels significantly modulate the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, aging, and mortality. Nevertheless, there is a substantial interindividual variability in CRF responsiveness to a given standardized exercise dose despite the type of training. Predicting the responsiveness to regular exercise has the potential to contribute to personalized exercise medicine applications. This study aimed to identify predictive biomarkers for the classification of CRF responsiveness based on serum and intramuscular metabolic levels before continuous endurance training (ET) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs using a randomized controlled trial. Methods: Forty-three serum and seventy intramuscular (vastus lateralis) metabolites were characterized and quantified via proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and CRF levels (expressed in METs) were measured in 70 sedentary young men (age: 23.7 ± 3.0 years; BMI: 24.8 ± 2.5 kg·m⁻²), at baseline and post 8 weeks of the ET, HIIT, and control (CO) periods. A multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to classify individuals at baseline as Responders or Non-responders to CRF gains after the training programs. Results: CRF responses ranged from 0.9 to 3.9 METs for ET, 1.1 to 4.7 METs for HIIT, and −0.9 to 0.2 METs for CO. The frequency of Responder/Non-responder individuals between ET (76.7%/23.3%) and HIIT (90.0%/10.0%) programs was similar (p = 0.166). The model based on serum O-acetylcarnitine levels [OR (odds ratio) = 4.72, p = 0.012] classified Responder/Non-responders individuals to changes in CRF regardless of the training program with 78.0% accuracy (p = 0.006), while the intramuscular model based on creatinine levels (OR = 4.53, p = 0.0137) presented 72.3% accuracy (p = 0.028). Conclusions: These results highlight the potential value of serum and intramuscular metabolites as biomarkers for the classification of CRF responsiveness previous to different aerobic training programs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes)

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22 pages, 3704 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Deciphering Blood Flow Restriction Training to Aid Lipid Lowering in Obese College Students through Untargeted Metabolomics

by Xianyou Cui, Sidorenko Tatiana Anatolevna and Yu Wang

Metabolites 2024, 14(8), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14080433 - 5 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 775

Abstract

(1) Objective: The aim of this study was to observe the lipid-lowering effects of blood flow restriction training (BFR) combined with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in obese college students by observing lipid-lowering hormones and untargeted metabolomics. (2) Methods: In this study, 14 obese college students were convened into three groups—MICT, MICT+BFR, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT)—for a crossover experiment. Blood was drawn before and after exercise for the analysis of lipolytic agents and untargeted metabolomics. The study used a paired t-test and ANOVA for statistical analyses. (3) Results: The lipolytic agent results showed that MICT+BFR was superior to the other two groups in terms of two agents (p = 0.000 and p = 0.003), namely, GH and IL-6 (difference between before and after testing: 10,986.51 ± 5601.84 and 2.42 ± 2.49, respectively), and HIIT was superior to the other two groups in terms of one agent (p = 0.000), i.e., EPI (22.81 ± 16.12). No advantage was observed for MICT. The metabolomics results showed that, compared to MICT, MICT+BFR was associated with the upregulated expression of xanthine, succinate, lactate, N-lactoylphenylalanine, citrate, ureido acid, and myristic acid after exercise, with the possibility of the involvement of the citric acid cycle, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamate metabolism, butyric acid metabolism, and the histidylate metabolism pathway. (4) Conclusions: The superior lipid-lowering effect of MICT+BFR over MICT in a group of obese college students may be due to the stronger activation of GH and IL-6 agents, with the citric acid cycle and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathways being associated with this type of exercise. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes)

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32 pages, 6428 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Changes in Plasma Free Amino Acid Profile in Endurance Athletes over a 9-Month Training Cycle

by Krzysztof Kusy, Monika Ciekot-Sołtysiak, Jan Matysiak, Agnieszka Klupczyńska-Gabryszak, Szymon Plewa, Ewa Anna Zarębska, Zenon J. Kokot, Paweł Dereziński and Jacek Zieliński

Metabolites 2024, 14(7), 353; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14070353 - 23 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1000

Abstract

We aimed to evaluate long-term changes in proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic plasma free amino acids (PFAA). Eleven male endurance triathletes participated in a 9-month study. Blood was collected at rest, immediately after exhaustive exercise, and during 30-min recovery, in four consecutive training phases: transition, general, specific, and competition. Twenty proteinogenic and 22 non-proteinogenic PFAAs were assayed using the LC-ESI-MS/MS technique. The structured training modified the patterns of exercise-induced PFAA response, with the competition phase being the most distinct from the others. Branched-chain amino acids (p = 0.002; η² = 0.216), phenylalanine (p = 0.015; η² = 0.153), methionine (p = 0.002; η² = 0.206), and lysine (p = 0.006; η² = 0.196) declined more rapidly between rest and exhaustion in the competition phase. Glutamine (p = 0.008; η² = 0.255), glutamate (p = 0.006; η² = 0.265), tyrosine (p = 0.001; η² = 0.195), cystine (p = 0.042; η² = 0.183), and serine (p < 0.001; η² = 0.346) levels were reduced in the competition phase. Arginine (p = 0.046; η² = 0.138) and aspartate (p = 0.011; η² = 0.171) levels were highest during exercise in the transition phase. During the competition phase, α-aminoadipic acid (p = 0.023; η² = 0.145), β-aminoisobutyric acid (p = 0.007; η² = 0.167), β-alanine (p < 0.001; η² = 0.473), and sarcosine (p = 0.017; η² = 0.150) levels increased, whereas phosphoethanolamine (p = 0.037; η² = 0.189) and taurine (p = 0.008; η² = 0.251) concentrations decreased. Overtraining indicators were not elevated. The altered PFAA profile suggests adaptations within energy metabolic pathways such as the tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, ammonia neutralization, the purine nucleotide cycle, and buffering of intracellular H⁺ ions. The changes seem to reflect normal adaptations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes)

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13 pages, 1179 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Decrease in Branched-Chain Amino Acids after a Competitive Male Professional Volleyball Game—A Metabolomic-Based Approach

by Taillan Martins Oliveira, Tathiany Jéssica Ferreira, Paula Albuquerque Penna Franca, Rudson Ribeiro da Cruz, Mauricio Gattás Bara-Filho, Fábio Luiz Candido Cahuê, Ana Paula Valente and Anna Paola Trindade Rocha Pierucci

Metabolites 2024, 14(2), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14020115 - 9 Feb 2024

Viewed by 2290

Abstract

A competitive volleyball game is a highly metabolic and physically demanding event for professional players. This study aimed to investigate whether a single game at the end of a preseason promotes changes in the biochemical markers of physical exercise responses and the metabolomic profile of professional volleyball players. This cross-sectional study included 13 male Brazilian professional volleyball players. Food intake, body composition, heart rate, physical movement variables, and blood biochemical indicators were evaluated. For non-target metabolomic analysis, serum samples were subjected to 500 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Data analysis showed no significant difference in the biochemical indicators after the game (p > 0.05). The level of metabolites present in the groups of the main components (β-hydroxybutyrate, arginine/lysine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine) had decreased after the game. However, formic acid and histidine levels increased. Among the compounds not part of the main components, hypoxanthine and tyrosine increased, whereas low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein levels decreased. After the game, the metabolomic profiles of players showed significant negative variations in essential amino acids (leucine, valine, and isoleucine). These decreases might be influenced by athlete diet and reduced glycogen storage due to lower carbohydrate intake, potentially impacting serum-essential amino acid levels via oxidation in skeletal muscle. The study provides insights for developing metabolic compensation strategies in athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes)

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17 pages, 1239 KiB

Open AccessArticle

How Supplementation with SOD-Rich Plant Extract, Combined with Gliadin, Can Affect Oxidative Stress Markers and Zonulin Levels in Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress

by Olina Dudašova Petrovičova, Ivan Stanković, Brižita Ðordević, Violeta Dopsaj, Neda Milinković and Milivoj Dopsaj

Metabolites 2023, 13(12), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13121200 - 17 Dec 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1829

Abstract

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to investigate the influence of supplementation with a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-rich plant extract on markers of oxidative stress, zonulin levels and the performance of elite athletes. Participants were 30 international-level rowers, divided into an experimental group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The rowers performed a maximal effort incremental test on a rowing ergometer at the beginning and at the end of the study. Markers of oxidative stress (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs), malondialdehyde (MDA), sulfhydryl (SH) groups, bilirubin, uric acid, albumin and zonulin) were determined in serum. A lower TOS (p = 0.010) and OSI (p = 0.004), a lower MDA (p = 0.001) and a higher level of SH groups (p = 0.031) were observed in the experimental group after supplementation. Physical performance was evaluated through metabolic efficiency, taking lactate levels and power output on the ergometer into account. After 6 weeks of supplementation, the relative increase in metabolic efficiency at a 4 mmol/L lactate concentration and maximal effort was significantly higher in the experimental group (p = 0.004 and p = 0.015, respectively). These results suggest that supplementation with a SOD-rich extract promotes lower oxidative stress, better antioxidant protection and, consequently, the better work performance of athletes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes)

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18 pages, 1794 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Training-Induced Increase in

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O_2max and Critical Power, and Acceleration of

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O₂ on-Kinetics Result from Attenuated P_i Increase Caused by Elevated OXPHOS Activity

by Bernard Korzeniewski

Metabolites 2023, 13(11), 1111; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13111111 - 27 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1473

Abstract

Computer simulations using a dynamic model of the skeletal muscle bioenergetic system, involving the P_i-double-threshold mechanism of muscle fatigue, demonstrate that the training-induced increase in

\overset{\cdot}{V}

O_2max, increase in critical power (CP) and acceleration of primary phase II [...] Read more.

\overset{\cdot}{V}

O_2max, increase in critical power (CP) and acceleration of primary phase II of the

\overset{\cdot}{V}

O₂ on kinetics (decrease in t_0.63) is caused by elevated OXPHOS activity acting through a decrease in and slowing of the P_i (inorganic phosphate) rise during the rest-to-work transition. This change leads to attenuation of the reaching by P_i of Pi_peak, peak P_i at which exercise is terminated because of fatigue. The delayed (in time and in relation to

\overset{\cdot}{V}

O₂ increase) P_i rise for a given power output (PO) in trained muscle causes P_i to reach Pi_peak (in very heavy exercise) after a longer time and at a higher

\overset{\cdot}{V}

O₂; thus, exercise duration is lengthened, and

\overset{\cdot}{V}

O_2max is elevated compared to untrained muscle. The diminished P_i increase during exercise with a given PO can cause P_i to stabilize at a steady state less than P_ipeak, and exercise can continue potentially ad infinitum (heavy exercise), instead of rising unceasingly and ultimately reaching Pi_peak and causing exercise termination (very heavy exercise). This outcome means that CP rises, as the given PO is now less than, and not greater than CP. Finally, the diminished P_i increase (and other metabolite changes) results in, at a given PO (moderate exercise), the steady state of fluxes (including

\overset{\cdot}{V}

O₂) and metabolites being reached faster; thus, t_0.63 is shortened. This effect of elevated OXPHOS activity is possibly somewhat diminished by the training-induced decrease in Pi_peak. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes)

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21 pages, 1203 KiB

Open AccessReview

Metabolomics to Understand Alterations Induced by Physical Activity during Pregnancy

by Ana Carolina Rosa da Silva, Anahita Yadegari, Velislava Tzaneva, Tarushika Vasanthan, Katarina Laketic, Jane Shearer, Shannon A. Bainbridge, Cory Harris and Kristi B. Adamo

Metabolites 2023, 13(12), 1178; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13121178 - 29 Nov 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2823

Abstract

Physical activity (PA) and exercise have been associated with a reduced risk of cancer, obesity, and diabetes. In the context of pregnancy, maintaining an active lifestyle has been shown to decrease gestational weight gain (GWG) and lower the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertension, and macrosomia in offspring. The main pathways activated by PA include BCAAs, lipids, and bile acid metabolism, thereby improving insulin resistance in pregnant individuals. Despite these known benefits, the underlying metabolites and biological mechanisms affected by PA remain poorly understood, highlighting the need for further investigation. Metabolomics, a comprehensive study of metabolite classes, offers valuable insights into the widespread metabolic changes induced by PA. This narrative review focuses on PA metabolomics research using different analytical platforms to analyze pregnant individuals. Existing studies support the hypothesis that exercise behaviour can influence the metabolism of different populations, including pregnant individuals and their offspring. While PA has shown considerable promise in maintaining metabolic health in non-pregnant populations, our comprehension of metabolic changes in the context of a healthy pregnancy remains limited. As a result, further investigation is necessary to clarify the metabolic impact of PA within this unique group, often excluded from physiological research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolomic Advances in Promoting Exercise-Induced Metabolic Changes)

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