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Metals
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Advances in Magnetic Alloys
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Advances in Magnetic Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Entropic Alloys and Meta-Metals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 6547

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gabriel Ababei

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Magnetic Devices and Materials, National Institute of Research and Development for Technical Physics, 700050 Iași, Romania
Interests: ferromagnetism; nanostructures; electron microscopy; EMI shielding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A magnetic alloy is a combination of different metals that contains, but are not limited to, at least one of the three main magnetic elements: iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), or cobalt (Co), etc. The strongest magnetic element is iron, which allows items made out of these alloys to attract to magnets

Magnetic alloys have become common in our life, especially in the form of steel (containing iron and carbon), alnico (containing iron, nickel, cobalt, and aluminum), permalloy (iron and nickel), ferrites (such as MeOAl2O3 or A3B5O12 where cation Me could be Mn, Fe, Co, Ni or Zn, in spinel-ferrites or Ba, Sr, Pb in hexagonal ferrites) or special materials based on rare-earth elements.

Based on magnetisation type the magnetic alloys can be divided in two categories:

1) Soft magnetic materials—characterized by a very narrow hysteresis cycle (coercivity below about 103 A m−1) and, therefore, by the ease with which they can be magnetized, even in weak magnetic fields.

2) Hard magnetic materials—characterized by a wide hysteresis cycle (coercivity above about 104 A m−1), a high remanence and a high energy product (maximum volume of energy density that the magnet can provide externally as an independent source).

In particular, there is a more recently defined class of magnetic materials called semi-hard magnetic materials, dedicated to magnetic recording media. The hysteresis cycle of these materials is quite wide, but slightly narrower than that of permanent magnets.

Magnetic materials are an integral part of more and more electromagnetic devices with technical applications in various civil and military fields.

Dr. Gabriel Ababei
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • low field magnetic sensors
  • electromagnetic shielding
  • permanent magnets
  • microstructure

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 177 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue “Advances in Magnetic Alloys”
by Gabriel Ababei
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1723; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101723 - 10 Oct 2023
Viewed by 766
Abstract
Magnetic alloys are a combination of different metals that contains, but are not limited to, at least one of the three main magnetic elements: iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), or cobalt (Co) [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Alloys)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

14 pages, 4685 KiB  
Article
Magnetostrictive Behavior of Severe Plastically Deformed Nanocrystalline Fe-Cu Materials
by Alexander Paulischin, Stefan Wurster, Heinz Krenn and Andrea Bachmaier
Metals 2024, 14(10), 1157; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14101157 - 11 Oct 2024
Viewed by 582
Abstract
Reducing the saturation magnetostriction is an effective way to improve the performance of soft magnetic materials and reduce core losses in present and future applications. The magnetostrictive properties of binary Fe-based alloys are investigated for a broad variety of alloying elements. Although several [...] Read more.
Reducing the saturation magnetostriction is an effective way to improve the performance of soft magnetic materials and reduce core losses in present and future applications. The magnetostrictive properties of binary Fe-based alloys are investigated for a broad variety of alloying elements. Although several studies on the influence of Cu-alloying on the magnetic properties of Fe are reported, few studies have focused on the effect on its magnetostrictive behavior. High pressure torsion deformation is a promising fabrication route to produce metastable, single-phase Fe-Cu alloys. In this study, the influence of Cu-content and the chosen deformation parameters on the microstructural and phase evolution in the Fe-Cu system is investigated by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Magnetic properties and magnetostrictive behavior are measured as well. While a reduction in the saturation magnetostriction λs is present for all Cu-contents, two trends are noticeable. λs decreases linearly with decreasing Fe-content in Fe-Cu nanocomposites, which is accompanied by an increasing coercivity. In contrast, both the saturation magnetostriction as well as the coercivity strongly decrease in metastable, single-phase Fe-Cu alloys after HPT-deformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Alloys)
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11 pages, 8131 KiB  
Article
Production of Rare-Earth-Free Iron Nitride Magnets (α″-Fe16N2)
by Tetsuji Saito, Hitoshi Yamamoto and Daisuke Nishio-Hamane
Metals 2024, 14(6), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14060734 - 20 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1554
Abstract
To realize rare-earth-free magnets, we studied iron nitride (α″-Fe16N2) magnets, which contain no rare-earth elements. Fe-N powder with the α″-Fe16N2 phase has a high saturation magnetization comparable to high-performance rare-earth magnets but is not stable at [...] Read more.
To realize rare-earth-free magnets, we studied iron nitride (α″-Fe16N2) magnets, which contain no rare-earth elements. Fe-N powder with the α″-Fe16N2 phase has a high saturation magnetization comparable to high-performance rare-earth magnets but is not stable at temperatures over 539 K. We consolidated Fe-N powder into bulk material at low temperatures by spark plasma sintering (SPS) and spark plasma sintering with dynamic compression (SPS-DC). Fe-N magnets were successfully obtained at low temperatures of 373–573 K. The magnets produced by the SPS-DC method had a higher density than those produced by the SPS method. The density of the magnets produced by the SPS-DC method increased as the consolidation temperature increased. That produced at 373 K had a saturation magnetization of 1.07 T with a coercivity of 0.20 MA/m. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Alloys)
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11 pages, 4625 KiB  
Article
Development of Mischmetal-(FeCo)-B Ribbons with Improved Magnetic Properties by Addition of Si
by Marian Grigoras, Mihaela Lostun, Gabriel Ababei, Marieta Porcescu, George Stoian and Nicoleta Lupu
Metals 2024, 14(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/met14010008 - 20 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1092
Abstract
In order to develop mischmetal-based permanent magnets with a high performance/cost ratio, Si addition was employed to enhance the magnetic performance of the MM16Fe76-xCo2SixB6 (x = 0–1.5%) ribbons. The ribbons were manufactured by a [...] Read more.
In order to develop mischmetal-based permanent magnets with a high performance/cost ratio, Si addition was employed to enhance the magnetic performance of the MM16Fe76-xCo2SixB6 (x = 0–1.5%) ribbons. The ribbons were manufactured by a melt-spinning technique at different velocities. Samples were studied in an as-cast state and after annealing. It was found that the addition of Si in the MM16Fe76-xCo2SixB6 ribbons increased the exchange interaction between Fe atoms in the 2:14:1 phase, reduced the crystal grain size, and increased the exchange coupling between the crystal grains; as a result, the magnetic properties were improved. The coercivity and Curie temperature increased with the increasing Si content from x = 0 to x = 1.5 at%, while the remanence and energy product increased with the addition of Si up to 1% and decreased with further Si addition. The best combination of magnetic properties, such as coercivity of Hc = 8.9 kOe, remanence Mr = 98 emu/g, Curie temperature Tc = 257 °C, and energy product (BH)max = 13.84 MGOe, were obtained in ribbons with 1.0 at. % Si. Thus, it is demonstrated that the addition of Si leads to an improvement of the magnetic properties of MM16Fe76-xCo2SixB6 ribbons, making them good candidates as precursors for the preparation of permanent magnets with an energy product between that of ferrites and Nd-Fe-B magnets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Alloys)
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21 pages, 3148 KiB  
Article
Influence of Structural Disorder on the Magnetic Order in FeRhCr Alloys
by Aleksei S. Komlev, Gabriela F. Cabeza, Alisa M. Chirkova, Neven Ukrainczyk, Elena A. Sherstobitova, Vladimir I. Zverev, Radel Gimaev, Nikolai V. Baranov and Nikolai S. Perov
Metals 2023, 13(10), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13101650 - 26 Sep 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1414
Abstract
Magnetic phase transitions in alloys are highly influenced by the sample preparation techniques. In the present research, electronic and magnetic properties of Fe48Cr3Rh49 alloys with varying cooling rates were studied, both experimentally and theoretically. The degree of crystalline ordering was found to depend [...] Read more.
Magnetic phase transitions in alloys are highly influenced by the sample preparation techniques. In the present research, electronic and magnetic properties of Fe48Cr3Rh49 alloys with varying cooling rates were studied, both experimentally and theoretically. The degree of crystalline ordering was found to depend on the cooling rate employed after annealing the alloy. Modeling of alloy structures with different degrees of crystalline ordering was carried out via strategic selection of substitution positions and distances between chromium atoms. Theoretical calculations revealed significant changes in magnetic and electronic properties of the alloy with different substitutions. A comprehensive analysis of the calculated and experimental data established correlations between structural characteristics and parameters governing the magnetic phase transition. In this study, we also developed a method for evaluating the magnetic properties of the alloys obtained under different heat treatments. The proposed approach integrates atom substitution and heat treatment parameters, offering precise control over alloy manufacturing to effectively tune their essential magnetic properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Magnetic Alloys)
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