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Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems

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A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "E：Engineering and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 25587

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Prof. Dr. Trushit Upadhyaya

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Guest Editor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, CSPIT, Charotar University of Science and Technology (CHARUSAT), Changa 388421, India
Interests: planar antennas; metamaterials and metasurfaces; Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems; satellite antennas; Substrate Integrated Waveguides (SIWs); antenna impedance matching networks; on-chip antennas; terahertz absorbers; microwave filters; interplanetary sciences
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Dr. Hari Shankar Singh

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Guest Editor

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala 147004, India
Interests: microstrip antenna and their applications; artificial materials & their applications; MIMO antenna systems; mobile antenna; multiple antennas-user interactions; terahertz Absorbers; microwave antennas for biomedical applications

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present a collection of innovative scholarly papers that focus on antennas for varied communication system applications. With the rapid rise of technological advances in current wireless communication systems, the demands of users for high-speed internet connections are skyrocketing, since this is the crucial pipeline that interconnects several gadgets. Over several decades, many researches have focused on upgrading existing microwave and radio frequency (RF) components, especially antenna systems, often referred to as the backbone of a wireless system. Advanced communication antenna technology has significantly evolved over several years, improving communication quality in domestic and commercial applications. The present technology has strong constraints regarding the electrical and mechanical size of the antenna design; however, an optimal radiation performance is a strict requirement. The tradeoff between physical antenna parameters and cost-performance is vital for successful antenna design. Moreover, to fulfill the ever-increasing demands of users, the field of radio communication has significantly developed. In every wireless system, an antenna plays a crucial role. It provides access to several applications standards like GSM, UMTS, WLAN, Wi-Fi, 4G, etc. Nowadays, research is turning its attention toward the most exciting novel technologies, such as MIMO, Massive-MIMO, UWB-MIMO, Terahertz antennas, etc. These techniques not only fulfil data rate demands but maintain as low a cost as possible. This Special Issue seeks such designs that incorporate optimal performance parameters.

This Special Issue, entitled “Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems”, invites papers that encompass the advances and prospects in the antenna design of microwave and millimeter-wave applications.

Prof. Dr. Trushit Upadhyaya
Dr. Hari Shankar Singh
Guest Editors

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Keywords

planar & surface mountable Antennas
metamaterials and metasurfaces
multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) Antennas
compact antenna arrays for massive MIMO systems
satellite communication antennas
multi-beam Antennas
substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) Antennas
Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) structures
Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Antennas
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
Near-Field Communication (NFC) Antennas
millimeter-waves (mm-Waves) and terahertz (THz) Antennas
electromagnetics devices & systems

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 148 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems

by Trushit Upadhyaya and Hari Shankar Singh

Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 115; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010115 - 10 Jan 2024

Viewed by 1254

Abstract

In recent years, there has been a significant expansion in wireless communication, evolving into a global network connecting billions of entities, including individuals and enterprises [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

12 pages, 23476 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low-Profile Millimeter-Wave Metasurface-Based Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth

by Ke Han, Yuchu Yan, Ze Yan and Chongwei Wang

Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071403 - 10 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1984

Abstract

A millimeter-wave broadband metasurface-based antenna with a low profile is proposed. In order to guide the mode excitation, the characteristic mode analysis (CMA) is used for the design and optimization of the proposed antenna. Four sets of coplanar patches with different dimensions on a thin printed circuit board are used to generate four adjacent broadside modes, which are directly fed by a coaxial probe. Then, to expand low-frequency bandwidth, a new resonant mode is introduced by etching slots on the parasite patch. Meanwhile, the extra mode introduced does not significantly change the radiation performance of the original modes. Moreover, dual slots are etched on the mid patch fed by the coaxial probe, which moves the orthogonal modes of the chosen modes out of the operating band to reduce cross-polarization levels. The proposed antenna realized 25.02 % (30–38.58 GHz) impedance bandwidth with dimensions of

1.423 \times 1.423 \times 0.029 λ_{0}^{3}

(

λ_{0}

is the wavelength at 34 GHz in free space), and the realized gain in the band is 8.35–11.3 dB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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16 pages, 5317 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Development of Ultrabroadband, High-Gain, and High-Isolation THz MIMO Antenna with a Complementary Split-Ring Resonator Metamaterial

by Ammar Armghan, Khaled Aliqab, Meshari Alsharari, Osamah Alsalman, Juveriya Parmar and Shobhit K. Patel

Micromachines 2023, 14(7), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14071328 - 29 Jun 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1986

Abstract

The need for high-speed communication has created a way to design THz antennas that operate at high frequencies, speeds, and data rates. In this manuscript, a THz MIMO antenna is designed using a metamaterial. The two-port antenna design proposed uses a complementary split-ring resonator patch. The design results are also compared with a simple patch antenna to show the improvement. The design shows a better isolation of 50 dB. A broadband width of 8.3 THz is achieved using this complementary split-ring resonator design. The percentage bandwidth is 90%, showing an ultrabroadband response. The highest gain of 10.34 dB is achieved with this design. Structural parametric optimization is applied to the complementary split-ring resonator MIMO antenna design. The designed antenna is also optimized by applying parametric optimization to different geometrical parameters. The optimized design has a 20 µm ground plane, 14 µm outer ring width, 6 µm inner ring width, and 1.6 µm substrate thickness. The proposed antenna with its broadband width, high gain, and high isolation could be applied in high-speed communication devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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15 pages, 5249 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Low-Profile Dual-Polarized Double-Layer Microstrip Antenna for 5G and 5G Wi-Fi

by Wenxing An, Xiaoqing Tian, Jian Wang and Shuangshuang Wang

Micromachines 2023, 14(5), 942; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14050942 - 26 Apr 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2245

Abstract

A dual-polarized double-layer microstrip antenna with a metasurface structure is proposed for 5G and 5G Wi-Fi. A total of 4 modified patches are used for the middle layer structure, and 24 square patches are used for the top layer structure. The double-layer design has achieved −10 dB bandwidths of 64.1% (3.13 GHz~6.08 GHz) and 61.1% (3.18 GHz~5.98 GHz). The dual aperture coupling method is adopted, and the measured port isolation is more than 31 dB. A low profile of 0.096λ₀ is obtained (λ₀ is the wavelength of 4.58 GHz in the air) for a compact design. Broadside radiation patterns have been realized, and the measured peak gains are 11.1 dBi and 11.3 dBi for two polarizations. The antenna structure and E-field distributions are discussed to clarify its working principle. This dual-polarized double-layer antenna can accommodate 5G and 5G Wi-Fi simultaneously, which can be a competitive candidate for 5G communication systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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19 pages, 5021 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Multiband and High Gain Square Tooth-Enabled Metamaterial Superstrate Microstrip Patch Antenna

by Khaled Aliqab, Sunil Lavadiya, Meshari Alsharari, Ammar Armghan, Malek G. Daher and Shobhit K. Patel

Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 163; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010163 - 8 Jan 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2816

Abstract

The manuscript represents a novel square tooth-enabled superstrate metamaterial loaded microstrip patch antenna for the multiple frequency band operation. The proposed tooth-based metamaterial antenna provides better gain and directivity. Four antenna structures are numerically investigated for the different geometry of the patch and tooth. These proposed structures are simulated, fabricated, measured, and compared for the frequency range of 3 GHz to 9 GHz. The electrical equivalent model of the split-ring resonator is also analyzed in the manuscript. The comparative analysis of all of the proposed structures has been carried out, in terms of several bands, reflectance response, VSWR, gain and bandwidth. The results are compared with previously published works. The effects are simulated using a high-frequency structure simulator tool with the finite element method. The measured and fabricated results are compared for verification purposes. The proposed structure provides seven bands of operation and 8.57 dB of gain. It is observed that the proposed design offers the multiple frequency band operation with a good gain. The proposed tooth-based metamaterial antenna suits applications, such as the surveillance radar, satellite communication, weather monitoring and many other wireless devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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10 pages, 4824 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dual-Band MIMO Antenna with Enhanced Isolation for 5G NR Application

by Shuqi Xi, Jing Cai, Lingrong Shen, Qiangjuan Li and Gui Liu

Micromachines 2023, 14(1), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14010095 - 30 Dec 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2903

Abstract

A two-port multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with dual-band characteristics operating at the fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) sub-6 GHz n7/n38/n41/n79 bands is proposed. The proposed MIMO antenna is composed of two symmetric antenna elements and a defected ground plane. The antenna element consists of an incomplete circular patch with two L-shaped branches. By applying the defected ground structure and the slotted stub, the current distribution on the ground plane is changed to reduce the mutual coupling between the antenna elements. The measured −10 dB reflection coefficients cover 2.34–2.71 GHz and 3.72–5.10 GHz, while the measured isolation is larger than 20 dB at the whole operating frequency band. The paper has investigated different performance parameters in terms of the envelope correction coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), radiation patterns, antenna gain, and efficiency. The proposed MIMO antenna is suitable for 5G applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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13 pages, 5667 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Low Profile Meandered Printed Monopole WiMAX/WLAN Antenna for Laptop Computer Applications

by Killol Vishnuprasad Pandya

Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2251; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122251 - 17 Dec 2022

Viewed by 1787

Abstract

The research on wireless communication demands technology-based efficient radio frequency devices. A printed monopole dual-band antenna is designed and presented. The presented antenna exhibits a promising response with improved bandwidth and gain. The antenna radiates from 3.49 GHz to 3.82 GHz and from 4.83 GHz to 5.08 GHz frequencies with 3.7 dBi and 5.26 dBi gain, having a bandwidth of 9.09% and 5.06%, respectively. The novelty in the developed antenna is that resonating elements have been engineered adequately without the use of the additional reactive component. The cost-effective FR 4 laminate is utilized as a substrate. This structure exhibits an efficiency of over 83% for both resonances. The numerically computed results through simulations and measured results are found to be in good correlation. The aforesaid response from the antenna makes it an appropriate candidate for laptop computer applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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15 pages, 3832 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Leaky-Wave Analysis of Resonant Bessel-Beam Launchers: Design Criteria, Practical Examples, and Potential Applicationsat Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Frequencies

by Edoardo Negri, Walter Fuscaldo, Paolo Burghignoli and Alessandro Galli

Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122230 - 15 Dec 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 1934

Abstract

Resonant Bessel-beam launchers are low-cost, planar, miniaturized devices capable of focusing electromagnetic radiation in a very efficient way in various frequency ranges, with recent increasing interest for microwave and millimeter-wave applications (i.e., 3–300 GHz). In recent years, various kinds of launchers have appeared, with different feeding mechanisms (e.g., coaxial probes, resonant slots, or loop antennas), field polarization (radial, azimuthal, and longitudinal), and manufacturing technology (axicon lenses, radial waveguides, or diffraction gratings). In this paper, we review the various features of these launchers both from a general electromagnetic background and a more specific leaky-wave interpretation. The latter allows for deriving a useful set of design rules that we here show to be applicable to any type of launcher, regardless its specific realization. Practical examples are discussed, showing a typical application of the proposed design workflow, along with a possible use of the launchers in a modern context, such as that of wireless power transfer at 90 GHz. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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19 pages, 9702 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Fabrication of the Split Ring Resonator Shaped Two-Element MIMO Antenna with Multiple-Band Operation for WiMAX/5G/Zigbee/Wi-Fi Applications

by Ammar Armghan, Khaled Aliqab, Vishal Sorathiya, Fayadh Alenezi, Meshari Alsharari and Farman Ali

Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2161; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122161 - 7 Dec 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2280

Abstract

In this manuscript, we proposed the split ring resonator loaded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for the frequency range of 1 and 25 GHz. The proposed antenna is numerically investigated and fabricated to analyze the different antenna parameters. We provided statistics on a wide range of antenna parameters for five different designs, including a simple circular patch antenna, a single-split-ring antenna, and a double-split-ring antenna. Reflectance, gain, directivity, efficiency, peak gain, and electric field distribution are all analyzed for all proposed antennas. The maximum achievable bandwidth is 5.28 GHz, and the double-split-ring resonator structure achieves this with a return loss of −20.84 dB. The radiation patterns of all the antenna with different port excitation conditions are presented to identify the behavior of the antenna radiation. We found the effect of the split-ring resonators to form radiation beams in different directions. We found the maximum and minimum half-power beam widths of 75° and 2°, respectively, among the different antenna designs. It was found that the split-ring resonator geometries in patch antenna convert wide-beam antenna radiation patterns to several narrow-beam radiation patterns. We found that each antenna’s bandwidth, gain, and return loss performance significantly differs from the others. Overall, the proposed results of the antenna may apply to a wide range of communication applications, including those for Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and 5G. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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23 pages, 23896 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigations on Stub-Based UWB-MIMO Antennas to Enhance Isolation Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

by Ankireddy Chandra Suresh, Thatiparthi Sreenivasulu Reddy, Boddapati Taraka Phani Madhav, Sudipta Das, Sunil Lavadiya, Abeer D. Algarni and Walid El-Shafai

Micromachines 2022, 13(12), 2088; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13122088 - 27 Nov 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 1688

Abstract

In this article, very compact 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 MIMO (Multiple-Input and Multiple output) antennas are designed with the help of Characteristics Mode Analysis to enhance isolation between the elements for UWB applications. The proposed antennas are designed with Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) to gain physical insight and also to analyze the dominant mode. To improve isolation and minimize the mutual coupling between radiating elements, elliptical shaped stubs are used. The dimensions of the 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 MIMO antennas are 0.29λ₀ × 0.21λ₀ (28 × 20 mm²) and 0.29λ₀ × 0.42λ₀ (28 × 40 mm²), respectively. These antennas cover the (3.1 GHz–13.75 GHz) UWB frequency band and maintain remarkable isolation of more than 25 dB for both 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 antennas. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed 4 × 4 MIMO antenna is 126.40% from 3.1 GHz to 13.75 GHz, including X-Band and ITU bands. The proposed 4 × 4 antenna has good radiation efficiency, with a value of more than 92.5%. The envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), diversity gain (DG), mean effective gain (MEG), and channel capacity loss (CCL) matrices of the 4 × 4 antenna are simulated and tested. The corresponding values are 0.0045, 9.982, −3.1 dB, and 0.39, respectively. The simulated results are validated with measured results and favorable agreements for both the 2 × 2 and 4 × 4 UWB-MIMO antennas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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17 pages, 5556 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Four-Port Dual-Band Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Sub-6 GHz 5G Communication Applications

by Upesh Patel and Trushit Upadhyaya

Micromachines 2022, 13(11), 2022; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13112022 - 19 Nov 2022

Cited by 14 | Viewed by 1977

Abstract

A four-port dielectric resonator (DR)-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna is presented for sub-6 GHz MIMO communication. The dielectric resonator was fed through aperture feeding to achieve dual-band resonance. The DRA has the operating modes of

T E_{01 δ}

and [...] Read more.

T E_{01 δ}

and

T E_{10 δ}

at 3.3 GHz and 3.9 GHz, respectively. The engineered antenna has port isolation of higher than 20 dB at the target frequencies without the employment of an extra isolation mechanism. Full-wave high-frequency simulation software was employed for the simulation computation. The antenna has a peak gain of 5.8 dBi and 6.2 dBi, and an efficiency of 88.6% and 90.2% at 3.3 GHz and 3.9 GHz, respectively. The proposed resonator has good MIMO diversity parameters. The optimal envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is 0.01, channel capacity loss (CCL) is 0.1 bits/sec/Hz, and the total active reflection coefficient (TARC) is −22.46. The DRA elements are aligned orthogonally with adequate displacement for achieving polarization diversity and spatial diversity. The antenna delivers its applications in Sub-6 GHz 5G and WiMAX communications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems)

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