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Nanomaterials
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Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application
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Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 June 2024) | Viewed by 10058

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jinyi Lin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
Interests: organic; flexible optoelectronics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Functional material for optoelectronic applications has been a hot topic in the last several decades due to their strength, which has promoted the development of information technology, energy conversion, and biomedical science. Compared to bulky states, functional materials at the nanoscale present an amplified energy transfer, conversion efficiency, and control charge separation, and further precisely tune photophysical and electrical behavior in condensed structures. Meanwhile, the promising photophysical and electrical processing in the functional nanomaterials also provided an effective and universal platform to systematically study their property–structure relationship at the molecular and atomic levels. Therefore, designing and preparing a robust nanomaterial is a common and convenient method of obtaining efficient and stable functional and active materials toward optoelectronic applications. Up-to-date, functional nanomaterials are widely applied in light imaging, light-emitting diodes, solid lighting, solar cell, field-effect transistor, photocatalysis, memristor, etc.

This Special Issue will present comprehensive research outlining progress on the optoelectronic application of nanomaterials. This includes the design and preparation, fundamental photophysical and electrical mechanism, novel optoelectronic application of functional nanomaterials toward energy conversion, plasmonic amplification, information processing and transportation, disease diagnosis, and treatment. We invite authors to contribute original research articles and review articles covering the current progress on Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Applications. Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  1. Theory and calculation, prediction of optoelectronic nanomaterials;
  2. Design and preparation of functional optoelectronic nanostructures;
  3. Photophysical processing of nanostructures;
  4. Electrical behavior of nanostructures;
  5. Optoelectronic devices based on nanomaterials;
  6. Nanomaterials for energy conversion.

Dr. Jinyi Lin
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • functional materials
  • photophysical behavior
  • electrical property
  • energy conversion
  • optoelectronic devices

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2610 KiB  
Article
Unraveling the Position Effect of Spiroxanthene-Based n-Type Hosts for High-Performance TADF–OLEDs
by Qinglin Liu, Yun Deng, Baoyi Ren, Xia Lan, Yuehong Zhang, Runda Guo, Chensheng Li, Gang Xiong, Yaguang Sun and Zujin Zhao
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(18), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13182517 - 8 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1339
Abstract
For developing high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters, the diphenyltriazine (TRZ) unit was introduced onto the 2′- and 3′-positions of xanthene moiety of spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] (SFX) to construct n-type host molecules, namely 2′-TRZSFX and 3′-TRZSFX. The outward extension [...] Read more.
For developing high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitters, the diphenyltriazine (TRZ) unit was introduced onto the 2′- and 3′-positions of xanthene moiety of spiro[fluorene-9,9′-xanthene] (SFX) to construct n-type host molecules, namely 2′-TRZSFX and 3′-TRZSFX. The outward extension of the TRZ unit, induced by the meta-linkage, resulted in a higher planarity between the TRZ unit and xanthene moiety in the corresponding 3′-TRZSFX. Additionally, this extension led to a perched T1 level, as well as a lower unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level when compared with 2′-TRZSFX. Meanwhile, the 3′-TRZSFX molecules in the crystalline state presented coherent packing along with the interaction between TRZ units; the similar packing motif was spaced apart from xanthene moieties in the 2′-TRZSFX crystal. These endowed 3′-TRZSFX superior electron transport capacity in single-carrier devices relative to the 2′-TRZSFX-based device. Hence, the 3′-TRZSFX-based TADF–OLED showed remarkable electroluminescent (EL) performance under the operating luminance from turn-on to ca. 1000 cd·m−2 with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 23.0%, thanks to its matched LUMO level with 4CzIPN emitter and better electron transport capacity. Interestingly, the 2′-TRZSFX-based device, with an EQEmax of 18.8%, possessed relatively low roll-off and higher efficiency when the operating luminance exceeded 1000 cd·m−2, which was attributed to the more balanced carrier transport under high operating voltage. These results were elucidated by the analysis of single-crystal structures and the measurements of single-carrier devices, combined with EL performance. The revealed position effect of the TRZ unit on xanthene moiety provides a more informed strategy to develop SFX-based hosts for highly efficient TADF–OLEDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application)
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10 pages, 1916 KiB  
Article
Antioxidative 2D Bismuth Selenide via Halide Passivation for Enhanced Device Stability
by Jiayi Chen, Guodong Wu, Yamei Ding, Qichao Chen, Wenya Gao, Tuo Zhang, Xu Jing, Huiwen Lin, Feng Xue and Li Tao
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(14), 2056; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13142056 - 12 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1305
Abstract
The topological insulator 2D Bi2Se3 is promising for electronic devices due to its unique electronic properties; however, it is challenging to prepare antioxidative nanosheets since Bi2Se3 is prone to oxidation. Surface passivation using ligand agents after Bi [...] Read more.
The topological insulator 2D Bi2Se3 is promising for electronic devices due to its unique electronic properties; however, it is challenging to prepare antioxidative nanosheets since Bi2Se3 is prone to oxidation. Surface passivation using ligand agents after Bi2Se3 exfoliation works well to protect the surface, but the process is time-consuming and technically challenging; a passivation agent that is stable under a highly biased potential is significant for in situ passivation of the Bi2Se3 surface. In this work, the roles of halide anions (Cl−, Br−, and I−) in respect of the chemical properties of synthetic Bi2Se3 nanosheets during electrochemical intercalated exfoliation were investigated to determine the antioxidation capacity. It was found that Bi2Se3 nanosheets prepared in a solution of tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBA+ and Cl−) have the best oxidation resistance via the surface bonding of Bi with Cl, which promotes obtaining better device stability. This work paves an avenue for adjusting the components of the electrolyte to further promote the stability of 2D Bi2Se3-nanosheet-based electronic devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application)
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12 pages, 2307 KiB  
Article
Elimination of Chirality in Three-Dimensionally Confined Open-Access Microcavities
by Yiming Li, Yuan Li, Xiaoxuan Luo, Chaowei Guo, Yuanbin Qin, Hongbing Fu, Yanpeng Zhang, Feng Yun, Qing Liao and Feng Li
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(12), 1868; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13121868 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1354
Abstract
The emergent optical activity (OA) caused by anisotropic light emitter in microcavities is an important physical mechanism discovered recently, which leads to Rashba–Dresselhaus photonic spin-orbit (SO) coupling. In this study, we report a sharp contrast of the roles of the emergent OA in [...] Read more.
The emergent optical activity (OA) caused by anisotropic light emitter in microcavities is an important physical mechanism discovered recently, which leads to Rashba–Dresselhaus photonic spin-orbit (SO) coupling. In this study, we report a sharp contrast of the roles of the emergent OA in free and confined cavity photons, by observing the optical chirality in a planar–planar microcavity and its elimination in a concave–planar microcavity, evidenced by polarization-resolved white-light spectroscopy, which agrees well with the theoretical predictions based on the degenerate perturbation theory. Moreover, we theoretically predict that a slight phase gradient in real space can partially restore the effect of the emergent OA in confined cavity photons. The results are significant additions to the field of cavity spinoptronics and provide a novel method for manipulating photonic SO coupling in confined optical systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application)
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16 pages, 6756 KiB  
Article
Rational Design of Lewis Base Electron Transport Materials for Improved Interface Property in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells: A Theoretical Investigation
by Xueqin Ran, Jixuan Yang, Mohamad Akbar Ali, Lei Yang and Yonghua Chen
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(9), 1560; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13091560 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
Electron transport materials (ETMs) play a vital role in electron extraction and transport at the perovskite/ETM interface of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and are useful in power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is limited by interface carrier recombination. However, strategies for passivating undercoordinated [...] Read more.
Electron transport materials (ETMs) play a vital role in electron extraction and transport at the perovskite/ETM interface of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and are useful in power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is limited by interface carrier recombination. However, strategies for passivating undercoordinated Pb2+ at the perovskite/ETM interface employing ETMs remain a challenge. In this work, a variety of heteroatoms were used to strengthen the Lewis base property of new ETMs (asymmetrical perylene-diimide), aimed at deactivating non-bonded Pb2+ at the perovskite surface through Lewis acid-base coordination. Quantum chemical analysis revealed that novel ETMs have matched the energy level of perovskite, which enables electron extraction at the perovskite/ETM interface. The results also suggest that the large electron mobility (0.57~5.94 cm2 V−1 s−1) of designed ETMs shows excellent electron transporting ability. More importantly, reinforced interaction between new ETMs and Pb2+ was found, which is facilitating to passivation of the defects induced by unsaturated Pb2+ at the perovskite/ETM interface. Furthermore, it is found that MA (CH3NH3+), Pb, and IPb (iodine substituted on the Pb site) defects at the perovskite/ETM interface could be effectively deactivated by the new ETMs. This study provides a useful strategy to design ETMs for improving the interface property in PSCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application)
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Review

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17 pages, 3733 KiB  
Review
Photo-Controlled Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles: A Promising Strategy for Development of Novel Structures
by Juntan Li and Xiaoyong Jia
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(18), 2562; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13182562 - 15 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Photo-controlled self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is an advanced and promising approach to address a series of material issues from the molecular level to the nano/micro scale, owing to the fact that light stimulus is typically precise and rapid, and can provide contactless spatial [...] Read more.
Photo-controlled self-assembly of nanoparticles (NPs) is an advanced and promising approach to address a series of material issues from the molecular level to the nano/micro scale, owing to the fact that light stimulus is typically precise and rapid, and can provide contactless spatial and temporal control. The traditional photo-controlled assembly of NPs is based on photochemical processes through NPs modified by photo-responsive molecules, which are realized through the change in chemical structure under irradiation. Moreover, photoexcitation-induced assembly of NPs is another promising physical strategy, and such a strategy aims to employ molecular conformational change in the excited state (rather than the chemical structure) to drive molecular motion and assembly. The exploration and control of NP assembly through such a photo-controlled strategy can open a new paradigm for scientists to deal with “bottom-up” behaviors and develop unprecedented optoelectronic functional materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application)
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37 pages, 17339 KiB  
Review
Nanocrystal Array Engineering and Optoelectronic Applications of Organic Small-Molecule Semiconductors
by Haoyu Gong, Jinyi Lin and Huibin Sun
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(14), 2087; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13142087 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
Organic small-molecule semiconductor materials have attracted extensive attention because of their excellent properties. Due to the randomness of crystal orientation and growth location, however, the preparation of continuous and highly ordered organic small-molecule semiconductor nanocrystal arrays still face more challenges. Compared to organic [...] Read more.
Organic small-molecule semiconductor materials have attracted extensive attention because of their excellent properties. Due to the randomness of crystal orientation and growth location, however, the preparation of continuous and highly ordered organic small-molecule semiconductor nanocrystal arrays still face more challenges. Compared to organic macromolecules, organic small molecules exhibit better crystallinity, and therefore, they exhibit better semiconductor performance. The formation of organic small-molecule crystals relies heavily on weak interactions such as hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and π–π interactions, which are very sensitive to external stimuli such as mechanical forces, high temperatures, and organic solvents. Therefore, nanocrystal array engineering is more flexible than that of the inorganic materials. In addition, nanocrystal array engineering is a key step towards practical application. To resolve this problem, many conventional nanocrystal array preparation methods have been developed, such as spin coating, etc. In this review, the typical and recent progress of nanocrystal array engineering are summarized. It is the typical and recent innovations that the array of nanocrystal array engineering can be patterned on the substrate through top-down, bottom-up, self-assembly, and crystallization methods, and it can also be patterned by constructing a series of microscopic structures. Finally, various multifunctional and emerging applications based on organic small-molecule semiconductor nanocrystal arrays are introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials for Optoelectronic Application)
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