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Nutrients
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Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022
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Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 24921

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Philip J. Atherton

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Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Royal Derby Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
Interests: skeletal muscle; nutrition; metabolism; protein synthesis; ageing; cell signalling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Ina Bergheim

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Molecular Nutritional Science, University of Vienna, Althanstr. 14, UZA II, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
Interests: intestinal barrier; nutrition; bacterial endotoxin; alcoholic liver disease; non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. M. Luisa Bonet

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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition, and Biotechnology (Nutrigenomics, Biomarkers, and Risk Evaluation Research Group), University of the Balearic Islands (UIB), 07122 Palma, Spain
Interests: obesity; molecular nutrition; nutrigenomics; vitamin A; food bioactives
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. David C. Nieman

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA
2. Human Performance Laboratory, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
Interests: sports nutrition; exercise; immunology; inflammation; obesity; metabolomics; proteomics; lipid mediators
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Francisco J. Pérez-Cano

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Guest Editor
1. Section of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
2. Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain
Interests: immunonutrition; flavonoids; microbiota; oligosaccharides; probiotics; breast milk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue entitled “Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022” will focus on aspects of nutrition and nutritional sciences that are already at the center of current concerns, and which may help humans to face envisaged social and health scenarios in the years to come.

Many aspects of how food and diet can improve individual health, performance and wellbeing remain to be discovered. It is necessary to know the exact composition and nutrient availability of diets (food types, preparation and combinations, etc.), the characteristics of individuals (genetics, microbiome, physiological or pathophysiological status, age, etc.) as well as those of the environment that surrounds them.

Thus, this Special Issue will consider original articles, commentaries, and review articles that focus on the following potential topics (but not limited to these):

- Sustainable protein sources and impacts of alternative protein sources.

- Food, dietary pattern, and health.

- Food, dietary pattern, and cognitive function.

- Application of post-genomic technologies to the innovative investigation of nutritional questions and mechanisms of nutrient action, including biomarkers of nutrition and health and precision nutrition.

- Diet and exercise interactions at young and old ages and their impact on health and performance.

- Impact and mechanisms underlying the relationship between nutrition, immunity, and infection.

Prof. Dr. Philip J. Atherton
Prof. Dr. Ina Bergheim
Prof. Dr. M. Luisa Bonet
Prof. Dr. David C. Nieman
Dr. Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

New Year Special Issue Series

This Special Issue is a part of Nutrients’ New Year Special Issue Series. The series reflects on the achievements, scientific progress, and “hot topics” of the previous year in the journal. Submissions of articles whose lead authors are our Editorial Board Members are highly encouraged. However, we welcome articles from all authors.

Keywords

  • dietary protein
  • clinical nutrition
  • nutriomics
  • nutrigenomics
  • precision nutrition
  • nutritional biomarkers
  • nutrition and exercise
  • nutrition and cognitive function
  • nutritional immunology

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

3 pages, 203 KiB  
Editorial
Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022
by Francisco J. Pérez-Cano
Nutrients 2023, 15(10), 2282; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15102282 - 12 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2637
Abstract
Many aspects of how food and diet can improve individual health, performance, and wellbeing remain to be discovered [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

17 pages, 2465 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Therapeutic Patient Education Interventions in Obesity and Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Jorge C. Correia, Ahmed Waqas, Teoh Soo Huat, Karim Gariani, François R. Jornayvaz, Alain Golay and Zoltan Pataky
Nutrients 2022, 14(18), 3807; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14183807 - 15 Sep 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 5110
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity account for the highest burden of non-communicable diseases. There is increasing evidence showing therapeutic patient education (TPE) as a clinically and cost-effective solution to improve biomedical and psychosocial outcomes among people with DM and obesity. The present systematic [...] Read more.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity account for the highest burden of non-communicable diseases. There is increasing evidence showing therapeutic patient education (TPE) as a clinically and cost-effective solution to improve biomedical and psychosocial outcomes among people with DM and obesity. The present systematic review and meta-analysis present a critical synthesis of the development of TPE interventions for DM and obesity and the efficacy of these interventions across a range of biomedical, psychosocial and psychological outcomes. A total of 54 of these RCTs were identified among patients with obesity and diabetes and were thus qualitatively synthesized. Out of these, 47 were included in the quantitative synthesis. There was substantial heterogeneity in the reporting of these outcomes (I2 = 88.35%, Q = 317.64), with a significant improvement noted in serum HbA1c levels (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.118 to 0.525, n = 7360) and body weight (SMD = 0.526, 95% CI: 0.205 to 0.846, n = 1082) in the intervention group. The effect sizes were comparable across interventions delivered by different modes and delivery agents. These interventions can be delivered by allied health staff, doctors or electronically as self-help programs, with similar effectiveness (p < 0.001). These interventions should be implemented in healthcare and community settings to improve the health outcomes in patients suffering from obesity and DM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022)
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21 pages, 6063 KiB  
Article
The Neuroprotective Effects of Spray-Dried Porcine Plasma Supplementation Involve the Microbiota−Gut−Brain Axis
by Cristina Rosell-Cardona, Concepció Amat, Christian Griñán-Ferré, Javier Polo, Mercè Pallàs, Anna Pérez-Bosque, Miquel Moretó and Lluïsa Miró
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2211; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112211 - 26 May 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3018
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hallmarks in SAMP8 mice. Since gut microbiota can play a critical role in the AD progression, we have studied if the neuroprotective effects of SDP involve the microbiota−gut−brain axis. Experiments were [...] Read more.
Dietary supplementation with spray-dried porcine plasma (SDP) reduces the Alzheimer’s disease (AD) hallmarks in SAMP8 mice. Since gut microbiota can play a critical role in the AD progression, we have studied if the neuroprotective effects of SDP involve the microbiota−gut−brain axis. Experiments were performed on two-month-old SAMP8 mice fed a standard diet and on six-month-old SAMP8 mice fed a control diet or an 8% SDP supplemented diet for four months. Senescence impaired short- and long-term memory, reduced cortical brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) abundance, increased interleukin (Il)-1β, Il-6, and Toll-like receptor 2 (Tlr2) expression, and reduced transforming growth factor β (Tgf-β) expression and IL-10 concentration (all p < 0.05) and these effects were mitigated by SDP (all p < 0.05). Aging also increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in serum and colon (all p < 0.05). SDP attenuated both colonic and systemic inflammation in aged mice (all p < 0.05). SDP induced the proliferation of health-promoting bacteria, such as Lactobacillus and Pediococcus, while reducing the abundance of inflammation-associated bacteria, such as Johnsonella and Erysipelothrix (both q < 0.1). In conclusion, SDP has mucosal and systemic anti-inflammatory effects as well as neuroprotective properties in senescent mice; these effects are well correlated with SDP promotion of the abundance of probiotic species, which indicates that the gut–brain axis could be involved in the peripheral effects of SDP supplementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022)
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17 pages, 1379 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Nutritional Intakes in Italian Pregnant Women in Comparison with National Nutritional Guidelines
by Fabrizia Lisso, Maddalena Massari, Micaela Gentilucci, Chiara Novielli, Silvia Corti, Leonardo Nelva Stellio, Roberta Milazzo, Ersilia Troiano, Ella Schaefer, Irene Cetin and Chiara Mandò
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1944; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091944 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3962
Abstract
Background: Nutritional quality during pregnancy is crucial for mother and child health and their short/long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence to nutritional recommendations in Italy during the three pregnancy trimesters in Normal Weight (NW) and Over Weight [...] Read more.
Background: Nutritional quality during pregnancy is crucial for mother and child health and their short/long-term outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adherence to nutritional recommendations in Italy during the three pregnancy trimesters in Normal Weight (NW) and Over Weight (OW) women. Methods: Data from a multicenter randomized controlled trial included 176 women (NW = 133; OW = 43) with healthy singleton pregnancies enrolled within 13 + 6 weeks of gestation. Dietary intake was assessed every trimester by a Food Frequency Questionnaire. Results: OW and NW had similar gestational weight gain. However, as Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend lower gestational weight gain (GWG) for OW, they exceeded the suggested range. In both groups, caloric intake during the three trimesters never met recommendations. Protein intake in first and second trimester was higher than recommendations, as was sugars percentage. Dietary fiber intake was lower in OW. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, calcium, iron and folic acid requirements were never satisfied, while sodium intake exceeded recommendations. Conclusions: NW and OW women in Italy do not adhere to nutritional recommendations during pregnancy, with lower caloric intake, protein and sugars excess and inadequacies in micronutrients intake. Pregnant women in Italy should be provided with an adequate counseling and educational intervention as well as supplementation when indicated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022)
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19 pages, 5952 KiB  
Article
Insights into the Composition of a Co-Culture of 10 Probiotic Strains (OMNi BiOTiC® AAD10) and Effects of Its Postbiotic Culture Supernatant
by Bernhard Kienesberger, Beate Obermüller, Georg Singer, Christoph Arneitz, Paolo Gasparella, Ingeborg Klymiuk, Angela Horvath, Vanessa Stadlbauer, Christoph Magnes, Elmar Zügner, Pablo López-García, Slave Trajanoski, Wolfram Miekisch, Patricia Fuchs, Holger Till and Christoph Castellani
Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1194; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061194 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4594
Abstract
Background: We aimed to gain insights in a co-culture of 10 bacteria and their postbiotic supernatant. Methods: Abundances and gene expression were monitored by shotgun analysis. The supernatant was characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Supernatant [...] Read more.
Background: We aimed to gain insights in a co-culture of 10 bacteria and their postbiotic supernatant. Methods: Abundances and gene expression were monitored by shotgun analysis. The supernatant was characterized by liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Supernatant was harvested after 48 h (S48) and 196 h (S196). Susceptibility testing included nine bacteria and C. albicans. Bagg albino (BALBc) mice were fed with supernatant or culture medium. Fecal samples were obtained for 16S analysis. Results: A time-dependent decrease of the relative abundances and gene expression of L. salivarius, L. paracasei, E. faecium and B. longum/lactis and an increase of L. plantarum were observed. Substances in LC-MS were predominantly allocated to groups amino acids/peptides/metabolites and nucleotides/metabolites, relating to gene expression. Fumaric, panthotenic, 9,3-methyl-2-oxovaleric, malic and aspartic acid, cytidine monophosphate, orotidine, phosphoserine, creatine, tryptophan correlated to culture time. Supernatant had no effect against anaerobic bacteria. S48 was reactive against S. epidermidis, L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosae, E. faecium and C. albicans. S196 against S. epidermidis and Str. agalactiae. In vivo S48/S196 had no effect on alpha/beta diversity. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) and analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) revealed an increase of Anaeroplasma and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Conclusions: The postbiotic supernatant had positive antibacterial and antifungal effects in vitro and promoted the growth of distinct bacteria in vivo. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022)
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11 pages, 311 KiB  
Article
Dietary Acid Load Modulation of Asthma-Related miRNAs in the Exhaled Breath Condensate of Children
by Francisca Castro Mendes, Inês Paciência, João Cavaleiro Rufo, Diana Silva, Luís Delgado, André Moreira and Pedro Moreira
Nutrients 2022, 14(6), 1147; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14061147 - 8 Mar 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3113
Abstract
Individual nutrients and bioactive compounds have been implicated in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are related to inflammation and asthma. However, evidence about the impact of diet is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between dietary acid load and asthma-related [...] Read more.
Individual nutrients and bioactive compounds have been implicated in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are related to inflammation and asthma. However, evidence about the impact of diet is scarce. Therefore, we aimed to assess the association between dietary acid load and asthma-related miRNA in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of school-aged children. This cross-sectional analysis included 150 participants aged 7 to 12 years (52% girls) from a nested case–control study, which randomly selected 186 children attending 71 classrooms from 20 public schools located in city of Porto, Portugal. Dietary data were collected by one 24 h-recall questionnaire. Dietary acid load was assessed using the potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net endogenous acid production (NEAP) scores. Based on previous studies, eleven asthma-related miRNAs were chosen and analyzed in EBC by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR. PRAL, NEAP and miRNAs were categorized as high or low according to the median. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the association between dietary acid load scores and miRNAs. Children in high dietary acid load groups (PRAL ≥ 14.43 and NEAP ≥ 55.79 mEq/day) have significantly increased odds of having high miR-133a-3p levels. In conclusion, higher dietary acid loads possibly modulate asthma-related miRNAs of school-aged children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Nutrition: Opportunities and Challenges in 2022)
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