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Nutrients
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Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Improving Musculoskeletal Health in Older...
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Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Improving Musculoskeletal Health in Older Adults

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Geriatric Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 February 2025 | Viewed by 9077

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Luana Toniolo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Muscle Biophysics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
Interests: striated mucle; nutrition; musculoskeletal system; muscle single fibres biophysics; muscle physiopathology; muscle aging and sarcopenia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Emiliana Giacomello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy
Interests: skeletal muscle; aging; metabolism; intracellular traffic
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for locomotion and movement, also plays a fundamental role in the regulation of whole-body metabolism.

Physical exercise and nutrition are important factors in the development and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. For this reason, in present times, they are considered as targets for the maintenance of a healthy equilibrium and to overcome the effects of aging.

Aging entails a crucial reduction of muscle function and bone strength, causing sarcopenia, osteoporosis, metabolic dysfunction, and inflammation. In aged persons, these conditions are a premise for frailty, disability, and a loss of independence and these in the presence of comorbidities, reduce quality of life and lifespan.

This Special Issue intends to expand the knowledge on the role of physical exercise and nutritional interventions to promote the healthy aging of the musculoskeletal system and its implications on the quality of life of aged persons.

The present Special Issue aims at collecting reviews, regular research papers, and short communications, providing novel insights on the importance of physical exercise and nutritional interventions in human or animal studies that have relevance to human health.

Dr. Luana Toniolo
Dr. Emiliana Giacomello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • musculoskeletal system
  • skeletal muscle
  • exercise
  • nutrition
  • frailty
  • sarcopenia
  • metabolic dysfunction

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3506 KiB  
Article
Body Composition in Cases with Normal Alanine Aminotransferase Values in Medical Health Checkups
by Kosuke Ushiro, Akira Fukuda, Masahiro Matsui, Saori Onishi, Tomohiro Nishikawa, Akira Asai, Soo Ki Kim and Hiroki Nishikawa
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3847; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223847 - 10 Nov 2024
Viewed by 516
Abstract
Background and aims: We aimed to clarify the relationship between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and body composition in Japanese medical health checkups, especially in cases with ALT ≤ 30 IU/L (7569 men and 9497 women). Methods: We categorized our study cohort into four [...] Read more.
Background and aims: We aimed to clarify the relationship between alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and body composition in Japanese medical health checkups, especially in cases with ALT ≤ 30 IU/L (7569 men and 9497 women). Methods: We categorized our study cohort into four groups: type A (ALT value ≤ 10 IU/L), type B (11 ≤ ALT value ≤ 20 IU/L), type C (21 ≤ ALT value ≤ 30 IU/L) and type D (ALT value > 30 IU/L (ALT over 30)). We retrospectively compared body composition-related parameters (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat (F) index, fatty liver index (FLI), fat-free (FF) index and F-FF ratio) among the four types. Results: Type A/B/C/D in men and women was found in 262/3279/2107/1921 and 1549/5736/1495/717 (p < 0.0001). BMI, WC, F-index, FLI, FF index and F-FF ratio were all significantly stratified among the four types, regardless of whether they were male or female and over or under 50 years old. Conclusions: With a decrease in ALT level in medical health checkups, fat mass decreases, and F-FF ratio decreases, but a decrease in skeletal muscle mass cannot be overlooked. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Improving Musculoskeletal Health in Older Adults)
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Review

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27 pages, 7759 KiB  
Review
Emerging Targets and Treatments for Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review
by Stefano Cacciatore, Riccardo Calvani, Ilaria Esposito, Claudia Massaro, Giordana Gava, Anna Picca, Matteo Tosato, Emanuele Marzetti and Francesco Landi
Nutrients 2024, 16(19), 3271; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16193271 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2519
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, significantly impacting overall health and quality of life in older adults. This narrative review explores emerging targets and potential treatments for sarcopenia, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview [...] Read more.
Background: Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, significantly impacting overall health and quality of life in older adults. This narrative review explores emerging targets and potential treatments for sarcopenia, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of current and prospective interventions. Methods: The review synthesizes current literature on sarcopenia treatment, focusing on recent advancements in muscle regeneration, mitochondrial function, nutritional strategies, and the muscle–microbiome axis. Additionally, pharmacological and lifestyle interventions targeting anabolic resistance and neuromuscular junction integrity are discussed. Results: Resistance training and adequate protein intake remain the cornerstone of sarcopenia management. Emerging strategies include targeting muscle regeneration through myosatellite cell activation, signaling pathways, and chronic inflammation control. Gene editing, stem cell therapy, and microRNA modulation show promise in enhancing muscle repair. Addressing mitochondrial dysfunction through interventions aimed at improving biogenesis, ATP production, and reducing oxidative stress is also highlighted. Nutritional strategies such as leucine supplementation and anti-inflammatory nutrients, along with dietary modifications and probiotics targeting the muscle–microbiome interplay, are discussed as potential treatment options. Hydration and muscle–water balance are emphasized as critical in maintaining muscle health in older adults. Conclusions: A combination of resistance training, nutrition, and emerging therapeutic interventions holds potential to significantly improve muscle function and overall health in the aging population. This review provides a detailed exploration of both established and novel approaches for the prevention and management of sarcopenia, highlighting the need for further research to optimize these strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Improving Musculoskeletal Health in Older Adults)
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Other

Jump to: Research, Review

31 pages, 4259 KiB  
Systematic Review
Comparative Efficacy of Different Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Indices of Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling, Hospitalized or Institutionalized Older Adults Undergoing Resistance Training: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Chun-De Liao, Shih-Wei Huang, Hung-Chou Chen, Mao-Hua Huang, Tsan-Hon Liou and Che-Li Lin
Nutrients 2024, 16(7), 941; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16070941 - 25 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5479
Abstract
Aging-related sarcopenia exerts harmful impacts on muscle mass, strength, and physical mobility. Protein supplementation has been demonstrated to augment efficacy of resistance training (RT) in elderly. This study compared the relative effects of different protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and mobility outcomes [...] Read more.
Aging-related sarcopenia exerts harmful impacts on muscle mass, strength, and physical mobility. Protein supplementation has been demonstrated to augment efficacy of resistance training (RT) in elderly. This study compared the relative effects of different protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and mobility outcomes in middle-aged and older individuals undergoing RT. A comprehensive search of online databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of protein supplement plus RT in untrained community-dwelling adults, hospitalized, or institutionalized residents who suffered acute or chronic health conditions. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using a frequentist method for all analyses. Treatment effects for main outcomes were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the surface-under-the cumulative-ranking (SUCRA) scores to rank probabilities of effect estimation among all identified treatments. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify any relevant moderator of the treatment efficacy and results were expressed as β with 95% credible interval (CrI). We finally included 78 RCTs (5272 participants) for analyses. Among the six protein sources identified in this NMA, namely whey, milk, casein, meat, soy, and peanut, whey supplement yielded the most effective treatments augmenting efficacy of RT on muscle mass (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.62; SUCRA = 0.86), handgrip strength (SMD = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.00; SUCRA = 0.85), and walking speed (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.07; SUCRA = 0.84). Participant’s health condition, sex, and supplementation dose were significant factors moderating the treatment efficacy on muscle mass (β = 0.74; 95% CrI: 0.22, 1.25), handgrip strength (β = −1.72; 95% CrI: −2.68, −0.77), and leg strength (β = 0.76; 95% CrI: 0.06, 1.47), respectively. Our findings suggest whey protein yields the optimal supplements to counter sarcopenia in older individuals undergoing RT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Nutrition Interventions for Improving Musculoskeletal Health in Older Adults)
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