nutrients-logo

Journal Browser

Journal Browser

Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional Epidemiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 March 2022) | Viewed by 35606

Special Issue Editor


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
Interests: balance dietary; metabolic syndrome; nutrition evaluation; nutrition education
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the economic, social and cultural development, and the process of urbanization and aging population, China has been experiencing the nutrition transition characterized as a double burden of undernutrition and over-nutrition. Through regular implementation of a national nutrition survey to track the dynamics of nutritional status among Chinese population, China has conducted six rounds of this national nutrition survey between 1982 and 2017, and 30-years cohort of China Health and Nutrition Survey since 1989. A wide range of research based on all above data provides solid scientific evidence for policy-making, nutrition and health promotion, as well as disease prevention and control in China. The future Special Issue will publish a series of articles covering relevant topics from dynamics of dietary intake, dietary pattern, lifestyles, and nutrition transition to their potential association with obesity and related NCD. These studies provide insights on multi-dimensional assessment of diet, nutrition and health status, as well as sociodemographic roles among school-aged students, adults and elderly, respectively. Findings from the aforementioned studies will have very important implications for policy-making, strategy development and public health practice.

Prof. Dr. Gangqiang Ding
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nutrition transition
  • dietary pattern
  • double burden of malnutrition
  • obesity

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (11 papers)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

13 pages, 1711 KiB  
Article
The Association of Sleep Duration with Breakfast Patterns and Snack Behaviors among Chinese Children Aged 6 to 17 Years: Chinese National Nutrition and Health Surveillance 2010–2012
by Ailing Liu, Jing Fan, Caicui Ding, Fan Yuan, Weiyan Gong, Yan Zhang, Chao Song, Ying Zhou and Gangqiang Ding
Nutrients 2022, 14(11), 2247; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14112247 - 27 May 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1961
Abstract
A significant increase in the prevalence of short sleep among children has been observed. Short sleep may be associated with unhealthy breakfast and snacking behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to explore the associations of short sleep with breakfast and snacking [...] Read more.
A significant increase in the prevalence of short sleep among children has been observed. Short sleep may be associated with unhealthy breakfast and snacking behaviors. The purpose of the current study was to explore the associations of short sleep with breakfast and snacking behaviors among children. Data were obtained from the 2010–2012 China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNNHS). A total of 5254 children aged 6 to 17 years were included. Sleep duration was classified into three categories: moderate sleep, slightly short sleep, and severely short sleep. Breakfast behaviors included skipping breakfast, food diversity, intake of energy and macronutrients, and their proportion of daily total intake. Snack behaviors included snack consumption rate/frequency, types, intake of energy and macronutrients, and proportion of daily total intake. Multiple linear regression and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis, with models adjusted for the potential effects of gender, age, region, and family income level. The bootstrapping method was used to calculate the 95% confidence intervals of the model statistics. Results showed that slightly short sleep (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.33)) and severely short sleep (OR = 1.36, 95%CI: 1.04, 1.77) was related to higher rates of skipping breakfast compared to moderate sleep. Severely short sleep was associated with higher energy (β = 28.44, 95%CI: 31.97, 44.70), carbohydrate (β = 6.62, 95%CI: 8.29, 8.84) and protein (β = 1.17, 95%CI: 1.44, 1.70) intake at breakfast and breakfast accounted for a higher proportion of total daily energy (β = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.48, 2.52), protein (β = 2.26, 95%CI: 3.16, 5.84) and carbohydrate (β = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.07, 3.41). Severely short sleep was associated with higher energy (β = 27.4, 95%CI: 18.64, 69.41), protein (β = 0.8, 95%CI: 0.48, 2.40), and fat (β = 1.40, 95%CI: 1.21, 3.16) intake at snacks and snacks accounted for a higher proportion of total daily protein intake (β = 1.23, 95%CI: 0.71, 3.58) and fat intake (β = 2.74, 95%CI: 3.13, 6.09). Slightly short sleep was associated with higher energy (β = 7.28, 95%CI: 0.15, 28.13) and carbohydrate (β = 1.67, 95%CI: 0.86, 5.73) intake at snacks and snacks accounted for a higher proportion of total daily carbohydrate intake. Children with severely short sleep were more likely to choose sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) as snacks (16.5%) and intake them more frequently, at a daily consumption of 204.7 g and 26.7 g per night. Overall, short sleep was associated with unhealthy breakfast patterns and snack behaviors among children. Children with short sleep had higher intake of energy and macronutrients at breakfast and snacks compared with those with moderate sleep. Promoting adequate sleep among children may have a positive effect on developing healthy eating behaviors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 570 KiB  
Article
Longitudinal Association of Dietary Energy Density with Abdominal Obesity among Chinese Adults from CHNS 1993–2018
by Haojie Hu, Lijun Zuo, Xiaoyun Song, Chang Su, Huijun Wang, Bing Zhang and Gangqiang Ding
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2151; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102151 - 21 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2586
Abstract
Few studies have explored the longitudinal association between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity in adults in China. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity in Chinese residents aged 18–64. [...] Read more.
Few studies have explored the longitudinal association between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity in adults in China. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity in Chinese residents aged 18–64. Using data from the CHNS from 1993 to 2018, 25,817 adult residents aged 18 to 64 were selected for the study. Three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls and home-weighed seasonings were used to assess food intake. A multilevel model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity. The results showed that compared with the lowest dietary energy density group, females had an increased risk of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.29), and females’ waist circumference increased significantly by 0.24 cm (95% CI: 0.39–1.09) in the highest dietary energy density group. No association between dietary energy density and waist circumference and abdominal obesity was observed in males. This study shows that higher dietary energy density is significantly associated with females’ waist circumference and abdominal obesity. Further research on high dietary energy density and abdominal obesity will provide scientific basis for the effective control of abdominal obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Differential Associations of Intakes of Whole Grains and Coarse Grains with Risks of Cardiometabolic Factors among Adults in China
by Qiumin Huang, Lixin Hao, Liusen Wang, Hongru Jiang, Weiyi Li, Shaoshunzi Wang, Xiaofang Jia, Feifei Huang, Huijun Wang, Bing Zhang, Gangqiang Ding and Zhihong Wang
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2109; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102109 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2222
Abstract
There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations [...] Read more.
There is a lack of studies on the association between whole grain intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in China and the current definition of whole grains is inconsistent. This study defined whole grains in two ways, Western versus traditional, and examined their associations with the risks of major cardiometabolic factors (CMFs) among 4706 Chinese adults aged ≥18 years, who participated in surveys both in 2011 and in 2015. Diet data were collected by consecutive 3 d 24 h recalls, together with household seasoning weighing. Whole grains were defined as grains with a ratio of fiber to carbohydrate of ≥0.1, while coarse grains were defined as grains except for rice and its products, and wheat and its products. Multivariable logistic regressions were modeled to analyze the associations of intakes of whole grains and coarse grains, respectively, with risks of major CMFs including obesity-, blood pressure-, blood glucose- and lipid-related factors, which were defined by International Diabetes Federation and AHA/NHLBI criteria. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of elevated LDL-C decreased with the increasing intake levels of whole grains (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46–0.88, p-trend < 0.05). Moreover, adults with the whole grain intake of 50.00 to 150.00 g/day had 27% lower odds of overweight and obesity (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.54–0.99) and 31% lower odds of elevated LDL-C (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.49–0.96), as compared with non-consumers. In conclusion, given the significant nutrient profiles of whole grains and coarse grains, the adults with higher intakes of whole grains only may have a lower risk of LDL-C and overweight and obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
13 pages, 1665 KiB  
Article
Secular Trends in Time-of-Day of Energy Intake in a Chinese Cohort
by Xiaoyun Song, Huijun Wang, Chang Su, Zhihong Wang, Jiguo Zhang, Gangqiang Ding and Bing Zhang
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2019; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102019 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2041
Abstract
Few studies have described the status and change of time-of-day of energy intake on a population level. This study aims to investigate the secular trend in time-of-day of energy intake using a Chinese cohort, and to examine demographic disparities in trends. A total [...] Read more.
Few studies have described the status and change of time-of-day of energy intake on a population level. This study aims to investigate the secular trend in time-of-day of energy intake using a Chinese cohort, and to examine demographic disparities in trends. A total of 20,976 adults with at least two waves of dietary data in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS 1991–2018) were included. A multilevel linear mixed model was applied to the energy proportions of breakfast, lunch and dinner. A multilevel Tobit regression model was applied to the energy proportion of morning snack, afternoon snack and evening snack. Time-demographic interaction terms were tested to examine demographic disparities in the trends. From 1991 to 2018, the marginal mean of the energy proportion of breakfast experienced first a falling and then a rising trend, and the marginal mean of energy proportions of lunch and dinner both presented first a rising and then a falling trend. The marginal means of all snacks took on a rising trend. Significant time-demographic interactions were observed for energy proportion of each eating occasion. On average, female, older and rural people tended to have a higher energy proportion at breakfast and lower energy proportion at lunch and dinner. Female, younger and urban people tended to have higher snack energy proportions. The time-of-day of energy intake has first shifted towards later in the day and then towards a balanced meal pattern in this Chinese cohort. Demographic disparities were observed in both the secular trend and the mean level of energy proportions of eating occasions. The health implications of such meal patterns warrant further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1153 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Dietary Magnesium Intake and Metabolic Syndrome
by Yingying Jiao, Weiyi Li, Liusen Wang, Hongru Jiang, Shaoshunzi Wang, Xiaofang Jia, Zhihong Wang, Huijun Wang, Bing Zhang and Gangqiang Ding
Nutrients 2022, 14(10), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14102013 - 11 May 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5066
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent, and the relationship between dietary magnesium and MetS remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association and dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS and its single component. The sample was adults aged 18 years [...] Read more.
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is increasingly prevalent, and the relationship between dietary magnesium and MetS remains controversial. Therefore, we aimed to explore the association and dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS and its single component. The sample was adults aged 18 years and above who participated in at least two follow-up surveys in 2009, 2015 and 2018. Food consumption data were collected from three consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. The multivariate Cox proportional risk regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) model were used to analyze the association and dose-response relationship between dietary magnesium intake and MetS and its components. In our study, 6104 subjects were included, with a total follow-up of 37,173.36 person-years, and the incidence was 33.16%. Cox regression analysis showed that the multivariable-adjusted Hazard Ratio (HR) for MetS comparing the highest to the lowest quintile of dietary magnesium intake was 0.84 (95% confidence intervals [CI] = 0.71–0.99). Central obesity, elevated TG, elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose were reduced by 18%, 41%, 20% and 42%, respectively. The risk of decreased HDL-C was reduced by 23% in the third quintile of dietary magnesium intake, with a slightly increased risk in the highest group. RCS analysis showed that the overall and non-linear associations between dietary magnesium and MetS and its components were statistically significant, the risk of them decreased significantly when magnesium intake was lower than 280 mg/day, and then the curve leveled off or slightly increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2107 KiB  
Article
Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) and Risk of Dyslipidemia in a Chinese Population
by Lianlong Yu, Qianrang Zhu, Yuqian Li, Pengkun Song and Jian Zhang
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1824; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091824 - 27 Apr 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2490
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between dietary BCAAs, blood lipid levels and risk of dyslipidemia. In this case–control study, a total of 9541 subjects with normal blood lipids were included as a control group, and 9792 patients with dyslipidemia were included [...] Read more.
This study aimed to explore the association between dietary BCAAs, blood lipid levels and risk of dyslipidemia. In this case–control study, a total of 9541 subjects with normal blood lipids were included as a control group, and 9792 patients with dyslipidemia were included as a case group. Dietary BCAA intake data were measured using 3-day 24 h meal recalls and household condiment weighing. All samples were from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015). Generalized linear model, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to evaluate the relationship between dietary BCAAs, blood lipids and dyslipidemia. After adjusting for confounding factors, dietary BCAAs were positively correlated with TC and LDL-C (p < 0.05). Higher dietary BCAAs were associated with higher OR for Hypercholesteremia (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05–1.58, p-trend = 0.034). The ORs of Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia showed inverted U-shaped with increasing dietary BCAAs (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03–1.39; Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.31). The relationship between dietary BCAAs and the risk of Hypercholesteremia and Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia were both nonlinear (p nonlinearity = 0.0059, 0.0198). Our study reveals that dietary BCAAs are associated with specific types of lipids and risk of dyslipidemia, some of which may be non-linear. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 615 KiB  
Article
Association of Serum Magnesium with Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes among Adults in China
by Weiyi Li, Yingying Jiao, Liusen Wang, Shaoshunzi Wang, Lixin Hao, Zhihong Wang, Huijun Wang, Bing Zhang, Gangqiang Ding and Hongru Jiang
Nutrients 2022, 14(9), 1799; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091799 - 25 Apr 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4404
Abstract
Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body and a cofactor or activator for more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including blood glucose control and insulin release. Diabetes is a well-known global burden of disease with increasing global prevalence. In China, the prevalence [...] Read more.
Magnesium is an essential mineral for the human body and a cofactor or activator for more than 300 enzymatic reactions, including blood glucose control and insulin release. Diabetes is a well-known global burden of disease with increasing global prevalence. In China, the prevalence of diabetes in adults is higher than the global average. Evidence shows that magnesium is a predictor of insulin resistance and diabetes. However, the majority of studies focus on dietary magnesium instead of serum magnesium concentration. We study the correlation of serum magnesium levels with insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. In this prospective cohort study, we included 5044 participants aged 18 years and older without insulin resistance (IR) and diabetes at the baseline from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A fasting blood sample was taken for the measurement of both types of magnesium, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and fasting insulin. The homeostatic model (HOMA-IR) was calculated. Demographic characteristics of participants, and risk factors such as intensity of physical activities, smoking status, drinking habit, and anthropometric information were recorded. IR was defined as HOMA-IR ≥ 2.5, and Type 2 diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or a self-reported diagnosis or treatment of diabetes. A total of 1331 incident insulin resistance events and 429 incident diabetic events were recorded during an average follow-up of 5.8 years. The serum magnesium concentration was categorized into quintiles. After adjusting for relevant covariates, the third quintile of serum magnesium (0.89–0.93 mmol/L) was correlated with 29% lower risk of incident insulin resistance (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% CI 0.58, 0.86) and with a lower risk of Type 2 diabetes. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for insulin resistance were compared with the lowest quintile of serum magnesium (<0.85). We found similar results when evaluating serum magnesium as a continuous measure. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves showed a nonlinear dose–response correlation in both serum magnesium levels and insulin resistance, and in serum magnesium levels and Type 2 diabetes. Lower serum magnesium concentration was associated with a higher risk of insulin resistance and diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1515 KiB  
Article
Association between Serum Vitamin A, Blood Lipid Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Children and Adolescents
by Lianlong Yu, Yongjun Wang, Dongmei Yu, Shixiu Zhang, Fengjia Zheng, Ning Ding, Lichao Zhu, Qianrang Zhu, Wenkui Sun, Suyun Li, Gaohui Zhang, Liangxia Chen, Yiya Liu, Li Yang and Jian Feng
Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071444 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2384
Abstract
Background: To study the relationship between serum vitamin A (VA) level and blood lipid profiles in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years, as well as the effect of VA on dyslipidemia. Methods: The project adopted a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The Food [...] Read more.
Background: To study the relationship between serum vitamin A (VA) level and blood lipid profiles in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years, as well as the effect of VA on dyslipidemia. Methods: The project adopted a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain dietary factors data. Blood samples of subjects were taken via venipuncture. Generalized linear models were used to explore the correlation be-tween VA and biochemical indicators, as well as stratified and inter-actions analysis to explore the influence of confounders on these relationships. Generalized linear models were constructed to explore the association between VA and blood lipids. Restricted cubic splines were used to characterize dose–response associations between serum VA and dyslipidemia based on logistic regression. Results: Serum VA was positively correlated with TC, TG and HDL-C (p < 0.05), but these associations were influenced by age (p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) values of VA for hypercho lesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were 3.283, 3.239, 5.219 and 0.346, respectively (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, significant age interactions affected the relationship between VA and TC, as well as TG and LDL-C (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Serum VA was positively correlated with blood lipids, but these associations were influenced by age. VA was a risk factor for dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, but was a protective factor for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 1137 KiB  
Article
Association between Dietary Fiber Intake and Hyperuricemia among Chinese Adults: Analysis of the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (2015)
by Qianrang Zhu, Lianlong Yu, Yuqian Li, Qingqing Man, Shanshan Jia, Yonglin Zhou, Hui Zuo and Jian Zhang
Nutrients 2022, 14(7), 1433; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14071433 - 30 Mar 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2868
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of dietary fiber intake with serum uric acid (SUA) levels and risk of hyperuricemia (HUA) among Chinese adults using the latest nationally representative data. A total of 66,427 Chinese adults aged 18 years and over from [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the association of dietary fiber intake with serum uric acid (SUA) levels and risk of hyperuricemia (HUA) among Chinese adults using the latest nationally representative data. A total of 66,427 Chinese adults aged 18 years and over from the China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance in 2015 were included in this study. Dietary intakes were measured with a 3-day 24 h dietary recall and the household condiment weighing method. Mixed-effect linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the associations of dietary fiber intake with SUA levels and risk of HUA, respectively. Compared to the lowest intake group, the coefficient and 95% confidence in the highest intake group of total fiber were −0.06 (−0.08, −0.04) (p-trend < 0.001), −0.18 (−0.2, −0.16) (p-trend < 0.001) for cereal fiber, 0.03 (0.01, 0.04) (p-trend = 0.051) for legume fiber, 0 (−0.01, 0.02) (p-trend = 0.869) for vegetable fiber and 0.01 (−0.001, 0.04) (p-trend = 0.296) for fruit fiber. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HUA for the highest vs. lowest intake group of total fiber were 0.88 (0.84, 0.91) (p-trend = 0.001), 0.67 (0.63, 0.71) (p-trend < 0.001) for cereal fiber, 1.05 (1, 1.09) (p-trend = 0.248) for legume fiber, 1.01 (0.97, 1.05) (p-trend = 0.982) for vegetable fiber and 1.06 (1, 1.12) (p-trend = 0.264) for fruit fiber. Our findings suggest that consumption of total fiber and cereal fiber were significantly inversely associated with SUA levels and HUA risk among the Chinese adult population. Developing and implementing effective public education programs are urgently needed to increase the intake of dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber among Chinese adults. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1376 KiB  
Article
Associations between Serum Vitamin A and Metabolic Risk Factors among Eastern Chinese Children and Adolescents
by Ting Tian, Yuanyuan Wang, Wei Xie, Jingxian Zhang, Yunlong Ni, Xianzhen Peng, Guiju Sun, Yue Dai and Yonglin Zhou
Nutrients 2022, 14(3), 610; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14030610 - 30 Jan 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4603
Abstract
Vitamin A, a fat-soluble essential vitamin, is implicated in a large range of physiological processes. Up to now, the associations between vitamin A and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or other metabolic risk factors are controversial in children and adolescents. Thus, we aimed to dig [...] Read more.
Vitamin A, a fat-soluble essential vitamin, is implicated in a large range of physiological processes. Up to now, the associations between vitamin A and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or other metabolic risk factors are controversial in children and adolescents. Thus, we aimed to dig into the relationship of vitamin A with MetS and many other metabolic risk factors. This was a cross-sectional study derived from the China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance of Children and Lactating Mothers. A total of 3025 school-aged (7–17 years) children and adolescents were selected by applying multistage stratified cluster random sampling methods in the Jiangsu Province of eastern China. Through enquiry survey, anthropometric measurement and laboratory examination, relevant information and blood biochemical indexes of the participants were collected in this study. MetS was identified according to the modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program–Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III). Multivariate logistic analysis and the generalized additive model (GAM) were used to analyze the relationship between vitamin A and various metabolic risk factors. The overweight, obesity and MetS prevalence of children and adolescents in this study was 14.0%, 11.9% and 5.1%, respectively. The risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high total cholesterol (TC) and hyperuricemia increased with vitamin A in a dose-dependent way. Logistic regression analysis showed that serum vitamin A Z scores were positively associated with MetS and central obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP) and elevated triglyceride (TG). Sex stratification analysis showed that both in male and female participants, the risk of prevalent MetS, general obesity, high LDL, high TC and hyperuricemia still increased with vitamin A levels. MetS was at a high prevalence level in children and adolescents in Jiangsu that were 7–17 years old. Vitamin A was positively associated with obesity, MetS, dyslipidemia and hyperuricemia. More public health measures and new visions should focus on the effects of retinol on children and adolescents. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 692 KiB  
Article
The Relationship between Obligatory Exercise and Eating Attitudes, and the Mediating Role of Sociocultural Attitudes towards Appearance during the COVID-19 Pandemic
by Hongying Fan, Youteng Gan, Ruohang Wang, Siming Chen, Małgorzata Lipowska, Jianye Li, Keqiang Li, Daniel Krokosz, Yin Yang and Mariusz Lipowski
Nutrients 2021, 13(12), 4286; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13124286 - 27 Nov 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3863
Abstract
A strong sociocultural context could affect an individual’s aesthetic standards. In order to achieve a socially recognized ideal appearance, obligatory exercisers might increase dieting behavior when exercise actions are disturbed, thereby placing the individual at risk of eating disorders. The current study mainly [...] Read more.
A strong sociocultural context could affect an individual’s aesthetic standards. In order to achieve a socially recognized ideal appearance, obligatory exercisers might increase dieting behavior when exercise actions are disturbed, thereby placing the individual at risk of eating disorders. The current study mainly examined the relationship between obligatory exercise and eating attitudes during the COVID-19 pandemic, and considered the mediating role of externalized sociocultural attitudes towards appearance between the two. A total of 342 participants (175 females, 167 males) from various regions of China were invited to fill out the questionnaires including the Obligatory Exercise Questionnaire, the Sociocultural Attitudes Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3, and the Eating Attitudes Test. In total, 51.5% of the participants presented symptoms of an obligatory exercise behavior. Among them, males, young adults, and the participants with lower BMI had higher OEQ scores, whereas females and young adults had higher EAT-26 scores. Meanwhile, 9.4% of the participants might have had an eating disorder. The OEQ score was positively correlated with the EAT-26 total score as well as SATAQ-3 ‘Pressures’ and ‘Information’ subscales. In addition, the EAT-26 total score was positively correlated with the SATAQ-3 ‘Pressures’ and ‘Information’ subscales. Externalized sociocultural attitudes towards appearance served as a mediator between obligatory exercise behavior and eating attitudes, and the mediation effect accounted for 56.82% of the total effect. Obligatory exercise behavior may have an indirect effect on eating attitudes through sociocultural attitudes towards appearance. Given the sociocultural information and pressures, in order to maintain or pursue an ideal appearance, many people tend to keep a pathological diet. Thus, forming a positive and healthy social aesthetic orientation is beneficial in helping obligatory exercisers to develop reasonable eating habits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Surveillance and Nutritional Cohort Study in China)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop