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Nutrients
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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Disease
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Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Disease

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 November 2024) | Viewed by 6101

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Francesca Romana Ponziani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology—Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
Interests: diet; nutrition; gut microbiota; liver disease; hepatocellular carcinoma; liver cirrhosis; nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gastrointestinal diseases are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The recent advent of metagenomic techniques has highlighted the important role of the gut microbiota in human pathology.

The gut provides a vast interface area for the interaction between the host and the intestinal microbiota. At this level, the intricate crosstalk involves bacteria, surface cells, immune cells, endothelial cells, and nervous terminals. Moreover, there are several possible mediators involved in these interactions, such as microbial products, cytokines, and signalling factors, which make the scenario even more complex.

In this intricate conundrum, recent evidence has highlighted that some mechanisms of carcinogenesis may be strictly linked to dysbiosis and the detrimental effects of a derangement in the gut microbiota metabolism. Diet is a crucial modulator of the gut microbiota, and thus, it can be both detrimental, increasing the risk of gastrointestinal diseases via a more inflammatory and unhealthy gut microbiota, as well as helpful in restoring a balance in the gut microenvironment, resulting in a protective effect on disease development.

The Special Issue “Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Disease” aims to provide a platform for researchers with a keen interest in the study of this dynamic topic, specifically the interplay between diet/nutritional supplements, gut microbiota, and gastrointestinal diseases including cancer. Original articles and reviews focusing on this topic are welcome.

Dr. Francesca Romana Ponziani
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • gut microbiota
  • diet
  • dietary supplements
  • inflammatory bowel diseases
  • coeliac disease
  • Helicobacter pylori
  • autoimmune gastritis
  • eosinophilic esophagitis
  • Crohn disease
  • ulcerative colitis
  • diverticular disease
  • irritable bowel syndrome
  • autoimmune hepatitis
  • viral hepatitis
  • metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
  • liver cancer
  • biliary tract cancers
  • pancreatic cancer
  • gastric cancer
  • esophageal cancer
  • colon cancer
  • host-microbiota interaction
  • inflammation
  • immunomodulation
  • metabolomics
  • personalized medicine

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 2943 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Gut Microbiota of Patients Who Improve with Antibiotic Combination Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis and Those Who Do Not: Investigation by Fecal Metagenomic Analyses
by Toshifumi Ohkusa, Kimitoshi Kato, Tsuyoshi Sekizuka, Toshiro Sugiyama, Nobuhiro Sato and Makoto Kuroda
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3500; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203500 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1021
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) may be related to commensal bacteria in genetically susceptible patients. We previously demonstrated that triple antibiotic combination therapy induces remission in patients with active UC in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Now, we investigate changes in [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The cause of ulcerative colitis (UC) may be related to commensal bacteria in genetically susceptible patients. We previously demonstrated that triple antibiotic combination therapy induces remission in patients with active UC in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Now, we investigate changes in the gut microbiota of patients who responded to the antibiotic combination therapy. Methods: Thirty-one patients with UC given ATM/AFM (amoxicillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline or fosfomycin) therapy for two weeks were enrolled in this study. The clinical conditions of these UC patients were evaluated by the partial Mayo score. The gut microbiota was compared via the metagenomic shot gun analysis of fecal samples. Results: Of the 31 patients, 16 and 8 experienced complete and partial remission, respectively, over three months in response to ATM/AFM therapy, whereas ATM/AFM showed no efficacy in 7 patients. The dysbiosis before treatment in the active stage could be associated with increased populations of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Rickenella, Clostridium, Flavonifractor, Pelagibacter, Bordetella, Massilia, and Piscrickettsia species. Metagenomic analysis revealed dramatic changes in the gut microbiota at an early stage, that is, just two weeks after starting ATM/AFM therapy. After treatment in the responder group, the populations of bifidobacterium and lactobacilli species were significantly increased, while the population of bacteroides decreased. Conclusions: These results suggest that metagenomic analysis demonstrated a marked change in the gut microbiota after antibiotic combination treatment. In the triple antibiotic combination therapy, remission was associated with an increase in bifidobacterium and lactobacilli species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Disease)
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14 pages, 712 KiB  
Article
Association of Polyamine Intake, Other Dietary Components, and Fecal Content of N-acetyl Putrescine and Cadaverine with Patients’ Colorectal Lesions
by Eva Barreiro-Alonso, Paula Castro-Estrada, Manuel Sánchez, Pablo Peña-Iglesias, Lorena Suárez and Begoña Cantabrana
Nutrients 2024, 16(17), 2894; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16172894 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 842
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Early detection and the modification of risk factors, such as diet, can reduce its incidence. Among food components, polyamines are important for maintaining gastrointestinal health and are metabolites of gut microbiota. [...] Read more.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Early detection and the modification of risk factors, such as diet, can reduce its incidence. Among food components, polyamines are important for maintaining gastrointestinal health and are metabolites of gut microbiota. Their disruption is linked to CRC, making polyamines a potential marker of the disease. This study analyzed the relationship between dietary components, including polyamines, and the presence of polyamines in feces to determine whether their presence could contribute to predicting the occurrence of colorectal lesions in patients. In total, 59 participants of both sexes (aged 50 to 70 years) who had undergone colonoscopy screening for CRC (18 without and 41 with colorectal lesions) participated in the study. A nutritional survey and determination of fecal polyamine content were performed. Specific dietary components and putrescine levels were higher in patients with colorectal lesions. The diet ratio of putrescine–spermidine and the fecal content of N-acetyl putrescine and cadaverine were elevated in patients with precancerous lesions and adenocarcinomas, showing a potential predictive value for the presence of colorectal lesions. These findings suggest that N-acetyl putrescine and cadaverine could be complementary markers for the diagnosis of suspected colorectal lesions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Disease)
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17 pages, 3302 KiB  
Article
Prebiotic Treatment in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)—A Randomized Pilot Trial
by Naama Reshef, Uri Gophna, Leah Reshef, Fred Konikoff, Gila Gabay, Taiba Zornitzki, Hilla Knobler and Yaakov Maor
Nutrients 2024, 16(11), 1571; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16111571 - 22 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1647
Abstract
Several studies show that gut microbiotas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) differ from those in a healthy population, suggesting that this alteration plays a role in NAFLD pathogenesis. We investigated whether prebiotic administration affects liver fat content and/or liver-related and [...] Read more.
Several studies show that gut microbiotas in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) differ from those in a healthy population, suggesting that this alteration plays a role in NAFLD pathogenesis. We investigated whether prebiotic administration affects liver fat content and/or liver-related and metabolic parameters. Patients with NAFLD and metabolic syndrome (age: 50 ± 11; 79% men) were randomized to receive either 16 g/day of prebiotic (ITFs—inulin-type fructans) (n = 8) or placebo (maltodextrin) (n = 11) for 12 weeks. Patients were instructed to maintain a stable weight throughout the study. Liver fat content (measured by H1MRS), fecal microbiota, and metabolic, inflammatory, and liver parameters were determined before and after intervention. Fecal samples from patients who received the prebiotic had an increased content of Bifidobacterium (p = 0.025), which was not observed with the placebo. However, the baseline and end-of-study liver fat contents did not change significantly in the prebiotic and placebo groups, neither did the liver function tests’ metabolic and inflammatory mediators, including fibroblast growth factor-19 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Body weight remained stable in both groups. These findings suggest that prebiotic treatment without weight reduction is insufficient to improve NAFLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Disease)
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Review

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24 pages, 1189 KiB  
Review
Role of Gut Microbial Metabolites in the Pathogenesis of Primary Liver Cancers
by Maria Pallozzi, Valeria De Gaetano, Natalia Di Tommaso, Lucia Cerrito, Francesco Santopaolo, Leonardo Stella, Antonio Gasbarrini and Francesca Romana Ponziani
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2372; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142372 - 22 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2181
Abstract
Hepatobiliary malignancies, which include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), are the sixth most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatic carcinogenesis is highly stimulated by chronic inflammation, defined as fibrosis deposition, and an aberrant imbalance between liver [...] Read more.
Hepatobiliary malignancies, which include hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), are the sixth most common cancers and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hepatic carcinogenesis is highly stimulated by chronic inflammation, defined as fibrosis deposition, and an aberrant imbalance between liver necrosis and nodular regeneration. In this context, the gut–liver axis and gut microbiota have demonstrated a critical role in the pathogenesis of HCC, as dysbiosis and altered intestinal permeability promote bacterial translocation, leading to chronic liver inflammation and tumorigenesis through several pathways. A few data exist on the role of the gut microbiota or bacteria resident in the biliary tract in the pathogenesis of CCA, and some microbial metabolites, such as choline and bile acids, seem to show an association. In this review, we analyze the impact of the gut microbiota and its metabolites on HCC and CCA development and the role of gut dysbiosis as a biomarker of hepatobiliary cancer risk and of response during anti-tumor therapy. We also discuss the future application of gut microbiota in hepatobiliary cancer management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet, Gut Microbiota, and Gastrointestinal Disease)
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