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Nutrients
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Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases
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Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 March 2025 | Viewed by 5543

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Beata Jabłońska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Digestive Tract Surgery, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
Interests: gastrointestinal surgery; oncological surgery; vascular surgery; gastroenterology; angiology; oncology; nutritional status; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Gastrointestinal diseases include a wide spectrum of functional and structural disorders of the alimentary tract, as well as the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas. Structural gastrointestinal diseases include different inflammatory (acute and chronic pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel diseases) and neoplastic diseases. The digestive tract is responsible for ingestion, digestion, and absorption. Patients with gastrointestinal diseases suffer from loss of appetite, dysphagia, abdominal pain, and diarrhoea which lead to reduced food intake, maldigestion, and malabsorption. Also, the nutritional status in patients with gastrointestinal disorders is deteriorated by the adverse effect of the disease treatments including drugs, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. Proper and early detection of malnutrition allows for effective nutritional support which improves the treatment results, patients’ prognosis, and quality of life. Immunomodulating nutrition, including glutamine, arginine, omega-3 fatty acids, and nucleotides, by modulating immune and inflammatory response improves the treatment results and patient prognoses, decreases the rate of postoperative infectious complications, and shortens hospital stays in patients undergoing surgery. This Special Issue on the “Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases” will focus on all aspects regarding the assessment of nutritional status as well as nutritional support in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. Original research and review papers are invited.

Dr. Beata Jabłońska
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nutrients is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gastrointesinal disease
  • acute pancreatitis
  • chronic pancreatitis
  • inflammatory bowel disease
  • Crohn’s disease
  • ulcerative colitis
  • oropharyngeal cancer
  • gastrointestinal cancer
  • hepato-pancreato-biliary cancer
  • nutritional status
  • malnutrition
  • nutritional screening tool
  • oral nutritional supplements
  • enteral nutrition
  • parenteral nutrition
  • immunomodulating nutrition
  • glutamine
  • arginine
  • omega-3 fatty accids
  • nucleotides

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1396 KiB  
Article
Food Insecurity Is Common in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Is Associated with Increased Ultra-Processed Food Intake
by Stephanie Lauren Gold, David Kohler, Hannah Freid, Natasha Haskey and Maitreyi Raman
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3736; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213736 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 645
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) is defined as the lack of consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life. FI affects over 30 million Americans and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and impaired quality of life and drives significant health [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) is defined as the lack of consistent access to enough food for an active and healthy life. FI affects over 30 million Americans and is associated with poor clinical outcomes and impaired quality of life and drives significant health inequities. Despite the rising prevalence of FI and the federal focus on improving access to healthy food, there is a paucity of research on FI in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the goal of this study was to define FI in a cohort of IBD patients and determine whether FI was associated with changes in dietary patterns, including specifically an increase in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption in this high-risk patient population. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study of patients with a diagnosis of IBD who were 18 years of age or older and who were seen in a nutrition focused clinic. Patients were screened for FI using the Hunger Vital Sign™, a 2-question validated FI screening tool and underwent a 24-h dietary recall. The degree of food processing was assessed using the NOVA Food Classification System. Results: Among 128 patients with IBD, we observed that FI is increasingly prevalent, with 45% of patients reporting difficulty with sufficient grocery access at least “sometimes” in the last 12 months and 10% reporting decreased food access “often” in the prior year. In addition, the patients at high-risk for FI were significantly more likely to eat NOVA 4 UPFs (54% vs. 27%, p = 0.001) and were significantly less likely to eat NOVA 1 unprocessed foods (32% vs. 61%, p = 0.001) as compared to those not at risk for FI. Finally, only a small percentage of those at highest risk for FI were enrolled in a federal food assistance program for grocery support. Conclusions: The prevalence of FI is increasing in patients with IBD and is associated with reduced dietary quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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16 pages, 2138 KiB  
Article
Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition Criteria and Immunonutritional Status Predict Chemoadherence and Survival in Stage II/III Gastric Cancer Treated with XELOX Chemotherapy
by Jong Hyuk Yun, Geum Jong Song, Myoung Won Son and Moon Soo Lee
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3468; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203468 - 14 Oct 2024
Viewed by 849
Abstract
Backgroud: Adjuvant chemotherapy is crucial for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, various factors negatively impact chemoadherence, with malnutrition after gastrectomy being a critical determinant. This study aims to analyze the impact of malnutrition, assessed through the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition [...] Read more.
Backgroud: Adjuvant chemotherapy is crucial for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. However, various factors negatively impact chemoadherence, with malnutrition after gastrectomy being a critical determinant. This study aims to analyze the impact of malnutrition, assessed through the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and other immunonutritional indices, on chemoadherence and its subsequent effect on survival. Methods: This retrospective study included 116 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy and received oxaliplatin and capecitabine (XELOX). Preoperative nutritional status was assessed using the GLIM criteria along with other immunonutritional indices, such as the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score, and modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). Chemotherapy adherence was measured using relative dose intensity (RDI). Statistical analyses included least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression to identify the key predictors of RDI and Cox proportional hazards models and assess the impact on survival. Results: Overall, 116 patients were included in this analysis. In the multivariate analysis using LASSO regression, higher GLIM severity was independently associated with a lower RDI (coefficient = −0.0216; p < 0.01). Other significant factors influencing RDI included older age (p < 0.01), female sex (p = 0.02), higher mGPS (p = 0.03), higher CONUT score (p = 0.04), and higher CAR (p = 0.05), all of which were associated with a lower RDI. The Cox proportional hazards analysis revealed that higher RDI was significantly associated with better survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.06; p < 0.005). Conclusions: This study highlights the critical role of immunonutritional status, particularly as measured using the GLIM criteria, in maintaining adherence to chemotherapy and improving survival outcomes in patients with gastric cancer. Routine preoperative nutritional assessments using GLIM can help identify high-risk patients, and early nutritional interventions may improve chemotherapy adherence and outcomes. These findings support the integration of nutritional strategies, specifically targeting those identified by the GLIM, into standard care to enhance the efficacy and survival of chemotherapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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Review

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20 pages, 640 KiB  
Review
Selenium, Immunity, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease
by James A. Sousa, Derek M. McKay and Maitreyi Raman
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3620; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213620 - 25 Oct 2024
Viewed by 913
Abstract
Dietary intervention is a subject of growing interest in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as new incident cases across the globe are rapidly rising, suggesting environmental factors as contributing elements. Dietary components and micronutrients have been associated with IBD pathogenesis or [...] Read more.
Dietary intervention is a subject of growing interest in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as new incident cases across the globe are rapidly rising, suggesting environmental factors as contributing elements. Dietary components and micronutrients have been associated with IBD pathogenesis or reductions in disease severity. Selenium, a diet-derived essential micronutrient that is important for proper immune system function, has received limited attention in the context of IBD. Selenium deficiency is a common finding in patients with IBD, but few clinical trials have been published to address the consequences of this deficiency. Here, we review the physiological and immunological roles of selenium and its putative role in IBD, and draw attention to knowledge gaps and unresolved issues, with the goal of stimulating more research on selenium in IBD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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21 pages, 1048 KiB  
Review
The Association Between Preoperative Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity and the Occurrence of Postoperative Complications in Patients Undergoing Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Malignancies—A Literature Review
by Jakub Ciesielka, Krzysztof Jakimów, Karolina Majewska, Sławomir Mrowiec and Beata Jabłońska
Nutrients 2024, 16(20), 3569; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16203569 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1249
Abstract
Background: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, perceived as a reflection of cancer-induced cachexia, are often diagnosed in patients with periampullary malignancies. The pathophysiology of those conditions is multifactorial regarding the tumor microenvironment, immunological response, and the relationship to surrounding tissues. Methods: The PubMed and [...] Read more.
Background: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, perceived as a reflection of cancer-induced cachexia, are often diagnosed in patients with periampullary malignancies. The pathophysiology of those conditions is multifactorial regarding the tumor microenvironment, immunological response, and the relationship to surrounding tissues. Methods: The PubMed and SCOPUS databases were systematically searched between November 2023 and December 2023. A total of 254 studies were primarily identified. Regarding the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 26 studies were finally included in the review. Results: Evaluated papers disclosed that sarcopenia was significantly associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications, including pancreatic fistula (POPF) type B and C, with the odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.65 (95%CI 1.43–4.93, p = 0.002) to 4.30 (95%CI 1.15–16.01, p < 0.03). Sarcopenic patients also suffered more often from delayed gastric emptying (DGE) with an OR of 6.04 (95%CI 1.13–32.32, p = 0.036). Infectious complications, postoperative hemorrhage, and intra-abdominal abscesses occurred more often in sarcopenic patients. Surgical complications were also noted more frequently when sarcopenic obesity was present. Preoperative nutritional prehabilitation seems to reduce the risk of postoperative complications. However, more prospective studies are needed. Conclusions: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity were associated with a higher incidence of multiple postoperative complications, including POPF (type B and C), DGE, hemorrhage, and infectious complications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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14 pages, 1196 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Prehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery—A Narrative Review
by Maria Wobith, Aileen Hill, Martin Fischer and Arved Weimann
Nutrients 2024, 16(14), 2235; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142235 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1437
Abstract
Malnutrition plays a crucial role as a risk factor in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. To mitigate the risk of complications, nutritional prehabilitation has been recommended for malnourished patients and those at severe metabolic risk. Various approaches have been devised, ranging from traditional [...] Read more.
Malnutrition plays a crucial role as a risk factor in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. To mitigate the risk of complications, nutritional prehabilitation has been recommended for malnourished patients and those at severe metabolic risk. Various approaches have been devised, ranging from traditional short-term conditioning lasting 7–14 days to longer periods integrated into a comprehensive multimodal prehabilitation program. However, a significant challenge is the considerable heterogeneity of nutritional interventions, leading to a lack of clear, synthesizable evidence for specific dietary recommendations. This narrative review aims to outline the concept of nutritional prehabilitation, offers practical recommendations for clinical implementation, and also highlights the barriers and facilitators involved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Status and Nutritional Support in Patients with Gastrointestinal Diseases)
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