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Nutrients
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Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance
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Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 October 2021) | Viewed by 38972

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nathalie Boisseau

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire des Adaptations Métaboliquesàl’Exercice en conditions Physiologiques et Pathologiques (AME2P), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Interests: physical activity; exercise mode; body composition; health; nutrition; sex
Prof. Dr. Nicolas Barnich

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire Microbes Intestin Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Université Clermont Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
Interests: host–pathogens interactions; intestinal microbiota; inflammatory bowel diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The growing rate of obesity represents a global lifestyle-related health problem because it can contribute to increased risk of many different diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and some cancer types. The strategies for obesity prevention and management can be multifaceted due to the multifactorial character of this pathology. Studies in animals and humans have emphasized the gut microbiota role as a mediator of cardiometabolic and inflammatory disorders. An imbalance of bacterial communities, called dysbiosis, favors low-grade systemic inflammation, which is a well-known feature of obesity and chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The microbiota diversity and stability are affected by genetic and environmental factors, including physical activity and diet changes.

A substantial amount of data demonstrates the interest in specific diets (Mediterranean diet, high-fiber diet) and dietary supplements (plant extracts, probiotics, etc.) for public health objectives. Similarly, it is acknowledged that regular physical activity improves dysbiosis and could, in healthy athletes, also promote performance. However, few studies have combined physical activity and dietary changes to promote health and/or athletic performance involving microbiota modulation.

This Special Issue will provide some research insights and perspectives into exercise and diet effects on gut microbiota-induced sport performance or obesity-related metabolic disease improvement.

Prof. Dr. Nathalie Boisseau
Prof. Dr. Nicolas Barnich
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Physical activity/exercise
  • Muscle
  • Nutritional or food supplement
  • Vegetable extracts
  • Gut microbiota
  • Dysbiosis
  • Health
  • Performance

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 454 KiB  
Article
A Comparative Study of Selected Gut Bacteria Abundance and Fecal pH in Bodybuilders Eating High-Protein Diet and More Sedentary Controls
by Joanna Szurkowska, Jakub Wiącek, Konstantinos Laparidis and Joanna Karolkiewicz
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 4093; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13114093 - 16 Nov 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3472
Abstract
Bodybuilders tend to overeat their daily protein needs. The purpose of a high-protein diet is to support post-workout recovery and skeletal muscle growth; however, its exact impact on gut microbiota still remains under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the [...] Read more.
Bodybuilders tend to overeat their daily protein needs. The purpose of a high-protein diet is to support post-workout recovery and skeletal muscle growth; however, its exact impact on gut microbiota still remains under investigation. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in selected gut bacteria (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bifidobacterium spp., and Bacteroides spp.) abundance and fecal pH between the group of amateur bodybuilders and more sedentary control group. In total, 26 young healthy men took part in the study, and their daily nutrients intake was measured using a dietary interview. Real-time PCR was used to assess the stool bacteria abundance. Both groups reported fiber intake within the recommended range, but bodybuilders consumed significantly more protein (33.6% ± 6.5% vs. 22% ± 6.3%) and less fat (27.6% ± 18.9% vs. 36.4% ± 10%) than controls. Study results showed no significant differences in terms of selected intestinal bacteria colony forming unit counts. Significantly higher fecal pH in the bodybuilders’ fecal samples was observed in comparison to the control group 6.9 ± 0.7 vs. 6.2 ± 0.7. Gut microbiota composition similarities could be a result of appropriate fiber intake in both groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance)
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17 pages, 1742 KiB  
Article
Does Physical Inactivity Induce Significant Changes in Human Gut Microbiota? New Answers Using the Dry Immersion Hypoactivity Model
by Maxence Jollet, Kevin Nay, Angèle Chopard, Marie-Pierre Bareille, Arnaud Beck, Vincent Ollendorff, Barbara Vernus, Anne Bonnieu, Mahendra Mariadassou, Olivier Rué, Frédéric Derbré, Bénédicte Goustard and Christelle Koechlin-Ramonatxo
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3865; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113865 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4018
Abstract
Gut microbiota, a major contributor to human health, is influenced by physical activity and diet, and displays a functional cross-talk with skeletal muscle. Conversely, few data are available on the impact of hypoactivity, although sedentary lifestyles are widespread and associated with negative health [...] Read more.
Gut microbiota, a major contributor to human health, is influenced by physical activity and diet, and displays a functional cross-talk with skeletal muscle. Conversely, few data are available on the impact of hypoactivity, although sedentary lifestyles are widespread and associated with negative health and socio-economic impacts. The study aim was to determine the effect of Dry Immersion (DI), a severe hypoactivity model, on the human gut microbiota composition. Stool samples were collected from 14 healthy men before and after 5 days of DI to determine the gut microbiota taxonomic profiles by 16S metagenomic sequencing in strictly controlled dietary conditions. The α and β diversities indices were unchanged. However, the operational taxonomic units associated with the Clostridiales order and the Lachnospiraceae family, belonging to the Firmicutes phylum, were significantly increased after DI. Propionate, a short-chain fatty acid metabolized by skeletal muscle, was significantly reduced in post-DI stool samples. The finding that intestine bacteria are sensitive to hypoactivity raises questions about their impact and role in chronic sedentary lifestyles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance)
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19 pages, 3478 KiB  
Article
Changes in the Gut Bacteria Composition of Healthy Men with the Same Nutritional Profile Undergoing 10-Week Aerobic Exercise Training: A Randomized Controlled Trial
by Ayane S. Resende, Geovana S. F. Leite and Antonio H. Lancha Junior
Nutrients 2021, 13(8), 2839; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082839 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 7288
Abstract
Nutrient consumption and body mass index (BMI) are closely related to the gut microbiota, and exercise effects on gut bacteria composition may be related to those variables. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 10-week moderate aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness [...] Read more.
Nutrient consumption and body mass index (BMI) are closely related to the gut microbiota, and exercise effects on gut bacteria composition may be related to those variables. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effect of 10-week moderate aerobic exercise on the cardiorespiratory fitness and gut bacteria composition of non-obese men with the same nutritional profile. Twenty-four previously sedentary men (age 25.18 [SD 4.66] years, BMI 24.5 [SD 3.72] kg/m2) were randomly assigned into Control (CG; n = 12) or Exercise Groups (EG; n = 12). Body composition, cardiorespiratory parameters, blood markers, dietary habits and gut bacteria composition were evaluated. EG performed 150 min per week of supervised moderate (60–65% of VO2peak) aerobic exercise, while CG maintained their daily routine. The V4 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and treated using QIIME software. Only EG demonstrated marked improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2peak, p < 0.05; Effect Size = 0.971) without changes in other gut bacteria-affecting variables. Exercise did not promote clustering based on diversity indices (p > 0.05), although significant variations in an unclassified genus from Clostridiales order and in Streptococcus genus were observed (p < 0.05). Moreover, α-diversity was correlated with VO2peak (Pearson’s R: 0.47; R2 0.23: 95%CI: 0.09 to 0.74, p = 0.02) and BMI (Pearson’s R: −0.50; R2 0.25: 95%CI: −0.75 to −0.12, p = 0.01). Roseburia, Sutterella and Odoribacter genera were associated with VO2peak, while Desulfovibrio and Faecalibacterium genera were associated with body composition (p < 0.05). Our study indicates that aerobic exercise at moderate intensity improved VO2peak and affected gut bacteria composition of non-obese men who maintained a balanced consumption of nutrients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance)
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24 pages, 2619 KiB  
Article
The TOTUM-63 Supplement and High-Intensity Interval Training Combination Limits Weight Gain, Improves Glycemic Control, and Influences the Composition of Gut Mucosa-Associated Bacteria in Rats on a High Fat Diet
by Marine Dupuit, Vivien Chavanelle, Benoit Chassaing, Fanny Perriere, Monique Etienne, Claire Plissonneau, Audrey Boscaro, Nicolas Barnich, Vincent Pialoux, Thierry Maugard, Florian Le Joubioux, Sébastien Peltier, Pascal Sirvent, Yolanda F. Otero and Nathalie Boisseau
Nutrients 2021, 13(5), 1569; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051569 - 7 May 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 5428
Abstract
Obesity and prediabetes are the two strongest risk factors of type 2 diabetes. It has been reported that TOTUM-63, a polyphenol-rich plant extract, has beneficial effects on body weight (BW) and insulin resistance in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The study [...] Read more.
Obesity and prediabetes are the two strongest risk factors of type 2 diabetes. It has been reported that TOTUM-63, a polyphenol-rich plant extract, has beneficial effects on body weight (BW) and insulin resistance in mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). The study aim was to determine whether high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and/or TOTUM-63 supplementation improved body composition and glycemic control and gut microbiota composition in a Western diet-induced obesity rat model. Wistar rats received a standard diet (CTRL; control; n = 12) or HFD (HFD; n = 48) for 16 weeks. Then, HFD rats were divided in four groups: HFD, HFD + TOTUM-63 (T63), HFD + HIIT (HIIT), and HFD + HIIT +T63 (HIIT + T63). Training was performed 4 days/week for 12 weeks. TOTUM-63 was included in diet composition (2%). The HIIT + T63 combination significantly limited BW gain, without any energy intake modulation, and improved glycemic control. BW variation was correlated with increased α-diversity of the colon mucosa microbiota in the HIIT + T63 group. Moreover, the relative abundance of Anaeroplasma, Christensenellaceae and Oscillospira was higher in the HIIT + T63 group. Altogether, these results suggest that the HIIT and TOTUM-63 combination could be proposed for the management of obesity and prediabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance)
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Review

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25 pages, 3734 KiB  
Review
The Nutrition-Microbiota-Physical Activity Triad: An Inspiring New Concept for Health and Sports Performance
by Nathalie Boisseau, Nicolas Barnich and Christelle Koechlin-Ramonatxo
Nutrients 2022, 14(5), 924; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14050924 - 22 Feb 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6806
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, [...] Read more.
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a “pivotal” organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance)
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15 pages, 774 KiB  
Review
Impact of Exercise on Gut Microbiota in Obesity
by Jerónimo Aragón-Vela, Patricio Solis-Urra, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda, Ana Isabel Álvarez-Mercado, Jorge Olivares-Arancibia and Julio Plaza-Diaz
Nutrients 2021, 13(11), 3999; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13113999 - 10 Nov 2021
Cited by 39 | Viewed by 10630
Abstract
Physical activity, exercise, or physical fitness are being studied as helpful nonpharmacological therapies to reduce signaling pathways related to inflammation. Studies describing changes in intestinal microbiota have stated that physical activity could increase the microbial variance and enhance the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and [...] Read more.
Physical activity, exercise, or physical fitness are being studied as helpful nonpharmacological therapies to reduce signaling pathways related to inflammation. Studies describing changes in intestinal microbiota have stated that physical activity could increase the microbial variance and enhance the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes, and both actions could neutralize the obesity progression and diminish body weight. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature describing the relationship between physical activity profiles and gut microbiota and in obesity and some associated comorbidities. Promoting physical activity could support as a treatment to maintain the gut microbiota composition or to restore the balance toward an improvement of dysbiosis in obesity; however, these mechanisms need to be studied in more detail. The opportunity to control the microbiota by physical activity to improve health results and decrease obesity and related comorbidities is very attractive. Nevertheless, several incompletely answered questions need to be addressed before this strategy can be implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise, Microbiota, Health and Performance)
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