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Genetics, Profiling and Breeding of Triticale
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Genetics, Profiling and Breeding of Triticale

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2023) | Viewed by 10157

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Gabriela Gołȩbiowska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pedagogical University of Krakow, Institute of Biology, Chair of Genetics, ul. Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
Interests: tolerance of cereals to abiotic and biotic stresses at the physiological and molecular level; study of pathogenesis; profiling of stress tolerance and its biomarkers at the protein level; antioxidants; induction of androgenesis; QTL regions of important breeding traits

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Triticale (xTriticosecale Wittmack) is a synthetic hybrid derived by crossing between wheat (Triticum aestivum L., AABBDD) and rye (Secale cereale L., RR). Presently cultivated hexaploid (AABBRR) triticale is well-adapted to the adverse environmental conditions of high elevation, acid soil, salinity and aluminum toxicity, low temperature, drought, and waterlogged soils. Its grain is high in essential amino acids, which makes it more nutritionally valuable than wheat. Therefore, triticale is a promising cereal and a valuable genetic resource for transferring desirable genes, particularly stress-tolerance genes, from rye to wheat.

The challenge for triticale breeding is various types of abiotic and biotic stresses, primarily common drought and new races of pathogens. Therefore, it is essential to find tolerant genotypes and dissect the mechanisms of tolerance in order to introduce the trait into the wide range of new cultivars. The employment of modern molecular techniques can provide information as to which biochemical, physiological, or anatomical features could serve as a cogent and easily measurable marker for the selection of the tolerant genotypes. Tolerance is usually a complex quantitative trait, which is likely dependent on many genes and influenced by environmental factors. The advancement of genetic maps and QTL regions could serve in the MAS and breeding of new varieties.

Dr. Gabriela Gołȩbiowska
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses at the physiological and molecular levels
  • profiling of stress tolerance and its biomarkers at the protein level
  • study on pathogenesis and mycotoxins
  • infection with new pathogens
  • resistance to drought in winter and spring varieties
  • the effect of dehardening and insufficient low-temperature hardening
  • induction of androgenesis
  • QTL regions of important breeding traits
  • new molecular markers
  • genome evolution
  • genetic maps
  • the use of genetic maps and QTL regions in MAS selection and breeding of new varieties
  • resistance genes transferred from wheat or rye
  • new varieties tolerant to environmental conditions and pathogens

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1149 KiB  
Article
Compensatory Effect of the ScGrf3-2R Gene in Semi-Dwarf Spring Triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack)
by Anastasiya G. Chernook, Mikhail S. Bazhenov, Pavel Yu. Kroupin, Aleksey S. Ermolaev, Aleksandra Yu. Kroupina, Milena Vukovic, Sergey M. Avdeev, Gennady I. Karlov and Mikhail G. Divashuk
Plants 2022, 11(22), 3032; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11223032 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1700
Abstract
The dwarfness in many triticale cultivars is provided by the dominant Ddw1 (Dominant dwarf 1) allele found in rye. However, along with conferring semi-dwarf phenotype to improve resistance to lodging, this gene also reduces grain size and weight and delays heading [...] Read more.
The dwarfness in many triticale cultivars is provided by the dominant Ddw1 (Dominant dwarf 1) allele found in rye. However, along with conferring semi-dwarf phenotype to improve resistance to lodging, this gene also reduces grain size and weight and delays heading and flowering. Grf (Growth-regulating factors) genes are plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth, including stem growth, in terms of length and thickness, and leaf and fruit size. In this work, we partially sequenced the rye gene ScGrf3 on chromosome 2R homologous to the wheat Grf3 gene, and found multiple polymorphisms in intron 3 and exon 4 complying with two alternative alleles (haplotypes ScGrf3-2Ra and ScGrf3-2Rb). For the identification of these, we developed a codominant PCR marker. Using a new marker, we studied the effect of ScGrf3-2R alleles in combination with the Ddw1 dwarf gene on economically valuable traits in F4 and F5 recombinant lines of spring triticale from the hybrid combination Valentin 90 x Dublet, grown in the Non-Chernozem zone for 2 years. Allele ScGrf3-2Ra was associated with greater thousand-grain weight, higher spike productivity, and earlier heading and flowering, which makes ScGrf3-2R a perspective compensator for negative effects of Ddw1 on these traits and increases prospects for its involvement in breeding semi-dwarf cultivars of triticale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics, Profiling and Breeding of Triticale)
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15 pages, 663 KiB  
Article
Quantitative Trait Loci and Candidate Genes Associated with Cold-Acclimation and Microdochium nivale Tolerance/Susceptibility in Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale)
by Gabriela Gołębiowska, Mateusz Dyda and Katarzyna Wajdzik
Plants 2021, 10(12), 2678; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10122678 - 6 Dec 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2721
Abstract
Tolerance to pink snow mold caused by Microdochium nivale appears after a cold-hardening period and it is an essential, genotype-dependent, complex quantitative trait for the wintering of triticale (x Triticosecale) and other cereals. Despite long-term studies, a marker for the selection of [...] Read more.
Tolerance to pink snow mold caused by Microdochium nivale appears after a cold-hardening period and it is an essential, genotype-dependent, complex quantitative trait for the wintering of triticale (x Triticosecale) and other cereals. Despite long-term studies, a marker for the selection of the tolerant genotypes is still insufficiently recognized. Chlorophyll fluorescence has been reported as a sensitive indicator of stress effects on photosynthesis and can be used to predict plant tolerance. In this study, the genomic regions (QTLs) associated with the level of winter triticale seedlings damage caused by M. nivale infection as well as photosynthesis quantum efficiency and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters were identified in seedlings of mapping population of 89 doubled haploids lines (DHs) derived from F1 hybrid of cv. ‘Hewo’ and cv. ‘Magnat’ accompanied with the genetic map consisting of 20 linkage groups with a total map length 4997.4 cm. Independent experiments performed in controlled conditions revealed 13 regions identified by a composite interval mapping, located on 7A, 1B, 2B, 6B, 7B, 3R, 5R, and 6R linkage groups and related to the PI, PIABS, TRo/CS, ABS/CS, ABS/CSm, ABS/RC, and Qy values as well as M. nivale tolerance T and susceptibility level P expressed by the seedling damage index. Additionally, candidate genes were in silico identified with the sequence position on wheat (2B and 7B) and rye (5R) chromosomes, where relevant QTL regions were found. The most important candidate genes indicated for M. nivale tolerance of cold-hardened triticale seedlings include those coding: sterol 3-beta-glucosyltransferase UGT80A2-like, transcription factor NAI1-like, and flavonol3-sulfotransferase-like proteins on chromosomes 2B and 5R. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics, Profiling and Breeding of Triticale)
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14 pages, 2355 KiB  
Article
Identification and Fine-Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci Controlling Plant Height in Central European Winter Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack)
by Johannes Trini, Hans Peter Maurer, Jan Eric Neuweiler and Tobias Würschum
Plants 2021, 10(8), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10081592 - 2 Aug 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2428
Abstract
The quantitatively inherited trait plant height is routinely evaluated in triticale breeding programs as it substantially influences lodging and disease susceptibility, is a main contributor to biomass yield, and is required to improve hybrid seed production by fine-tuning plant height in the female [...] Read more.
The quantitatively inherited trait plant height is routinely evaluated in triticale breeding programs as it substantially influences lodging and disease susceptibility, is a main contributor to biomass yield, and is required to improve hybrid seed production by fine-tuning plant height in the female and male parental pools in hybrid breeding programs. In this study, we evaluated a panel of 846 diverse Central European triticale genotypes to dissect the genetic architecture underlying plant height by genome-wide association mapping. This revealed three medium- to large-effect QTL on chromosomes 5A, 4B, and 5R. Genetic and physical fine-mapping of the putative QTL revealed that the QTL on chromosome 5R most likely corresponds to Ddw1 and that the QTL on chromosome 5A is likely to be Rht12. Furthermore, we observed a temporal trend in registered cultivars with a decreasing plant height during the past decades, accompanied by an increasing use of the height-reducing alleles at the identified QTL. In summary, our results shed new light on the genetic control of plant height in triticale and open new avenues for future improvement by breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics, Profiling and Breeding of Triticale)
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Review

Jump to: Research

22 pages, 2198 KiB  
Review
The Genome Regions Associated with Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance, as Well as Other Important Breeding Traits in Triticale
by Gabriela Golebiowska-Paluch and Mateusz Dyda
Plants 2023, 12(3), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12030619 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2190
Abstract
This review article presents the greatest challenges in modern triticale breeding. Genetic maps that were developed and described thus far, together with the quantitative trait loci and candidate genes linked to important traits are also described. The most important part of this review [...] Read more.
This review article presents the greatest challenges in modern triticale breeding. Genetic maps that were developed and described thus far, together with the quantitative trait loci and candidate genes linked to important traits are also described. The most important part of this review is dedicated to a winter triticale mapping population based on doubled haploid lines obtained from a cross of the cultivars ‘Hewo’ and ‘Magnat’. Many research studies on this population have focused on the analysis of quantitative trait loci regions associated with abiotic (drought and freezing) and biotic (pink snow mold and powdery mildew) stress tolerance as well as related to other important breeding traits such as stem length, plant height, spike length, number of the productive spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, and thousand kernel weight. In addition, candidate genes located among these regions are described in detail. A comparison analysis of all of these results revealed the location of common quantitative trait loci regions on the rye chromosomes 4R, 5R, and 6R, with a particular emphasis on chromosome 5R. Described here are the candidate genes identified in the above genome regions that may potentially play an important role in the analysis of trait expression. Nevertheless, these results should guide further research using molecular methods of gene identification and it is worth extending the research to other mapping populations. The article is also a review of research led by other authors on the triticale tolerance to the most current stress factors appearing in the breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genetics, Profiling and Breeding of Triticale)
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