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Tools and Resources for Wheat Molecular Breeding
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Tools and Resources for Wheat Molecular Breeding

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Genetics, Genomics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2024) | Viewed by 6937

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Awais Rasheed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Beijing 100081, China
2. Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
Interests: crop science; plant biotechnology; wheat; genetic resources; molecular breeding; phenotype; genotyping; genome-wide association mapping; grain traits
Prof. Dr. Zhonghu He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Crop Science/National Wheat Improvement Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2. International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Beijing 100081, China
Interests: wheat quality improvement; molecular marker development and application; disease resistance; cultivar development

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wheat is one of the three most cultivated food crops, and supplies 19% of global daily caloric requirements. It is projected that wheat production should be increased by 50–60% at the rate of 1.8–2.0% per annum in the face of climate change as well as arable land and water scarcity. Wheat genome was sequenced in 2018 by the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC); since then there has been an unprecedented increase in gene discovery, genomic resources and the deployment of wheat genomics knowledge in applied breeding. New breeding strategies, the characterization of new genetic resources, marker-assisted gene introgressions, genomic selection and mutant characterization will likely improve wheats for yield, disease resistance and resilience to climate extremes.

This Special Issue on “Tools and Resources for Wheat Molecular Breeding” is focused on publishing high-quality manuscripts in the form of review and research articles on different aspects of wheat molecular breeding. Manuscripts without molecular aspects will not be considered for this Special Issue.

Dr. Awais Rasheed
Prof. Dr. Zhonghu He
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Plants is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wheat breeding
  • molecular markers
  • gene editing
  • wheat transformation
  • marker-assisted selection
  • genomic selection
  • pre-breeding
  • wheat genetic resources

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1927 KiB  
Article
Identification of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Associated with Heat Tolerance at the Reproductive Stage in Synthetic Hexaploid Wheats Using GWAS
by Ambreen Mehvish, Abdul Aziz, Birra Bukhari, Humaira Qayyum, Zahid Mahmood, Muhammad Baber, Muhammad Sajjad, Xuequn Pang and Fenglan Wang
Plants 2023, 12(8), 1610; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12081610 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1917
Abstract
The projected rise in global ambient temperature by 3–5 °C by the end of this century, along with unpredicted heat waves during critical crop growth stages, can drastically reduce grain yield and will pose a great food security challenge. It is therefore important [...] Read more.
The projected rise in global ambient temperature by 3–5 °C by the end of this century, along with unpredicted heat waves during critical crop growth stages, can drastically reduce grain yield and will pose a great food security challenge. It is therefore important to identify wheat genetic resources able to withstand high temperatures, discover genes underpinning resilience to higher temperatures, and deploy such genetic resources in wheat breeding to develop heat-tolerant cultivars. In this study, 180 accessions of synthetic hexaploid wheats (SHWs) were evaluated under normal and late wheat growing seasons (to expose them to higher temperatures) at three locations (Islamabad, Bahawalpur, and Tando Jam), and data were collected on 11 morphological and yield-related traits. The diversity panel was genotyped with a 50 K SNP array to conduct genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for heat tolerance in SHW. A known heat-tolerance locus, TaHST1, was profiled to identify different haplotypes of this locus in SHWs and their association with grain yield and related traits in SHWs. There was a 36% decrease in grain yield (GY), a 23% decrease in thousand-grain weight (TKW), and an 18% decrease in grains per spike (GpS) across three locations in the population due to the heat stress conditions. GWASs identified 143 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) distributed over all 21 chromosomes in the SHWs. Out of these, 52 QTNs were associated with morphological and yield-related traits under heat stress, while 15 of them were pleiotropically associated with multiple traits. The heat shock protein (HSP) framework of the wheat genome was then aligned with the QTNs identified in this study. Seventeen QTNs were in proximity to HSPs on chr2B, chr3D, chr5A, chr5B, chr6D, and chr7D. It is likely that QTNs on the D genome and those in proximity to HSPs may carry novel alleles for heat-tolerance genes. The analysis of TaHST1 indicated that 15 haplotypes were present in the SHWs for this locus, while hap1 showed the highest frequency of 25% (33 SHWs). These haplotypes were significantly associated with yield-related traits in the SHWs. New alleles associated with yield-related traits in SHWs could be an excellent reservoir for breeding deployment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tools and Resources for Wheat Molecular Breeding)
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19 pages, 5442 KiB  
Article
Genetic Dissection of Drought Tolerance of Elite Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes Using Genome Wide Association Study in Morocco
by Zakaria El Gataa, Karima Samir and Wuletaw Tadesse
Plants 2022, 11(20), 2705; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11202705 - 13 Oct 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2215
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important yield-limiting factors in Morocco. Identification and deployment of drought-tolerant wheat varieties are important to cope with the challenge of terminal moisture stress and increase wheat productivity. A panel composed of 200 elite spring bread wheat genotypes [...] Read more.
Drought is one of the most important yield-limiting factors in Morocco. Identification and deployment of drought-tolerant wheat varieties are important to cope with the challenge of terminal moisture stress and increase wheat productivity. A panel composed of 200 elite spring bread wheat genotypes was phenotyped for yield and agronomic traits for 2 years (2020 and 2021) in Morocco under rainfed and irrigated environments. The panel was genotyped using 20K SNPs and, after filtration, a total of 15,735 SNP markers were used for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using a mixed linear model (MLM) to identify marker-trait associations (MTA) and putative genes associated with grain yield and yield-related traits under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Significant differences were observed among the elite genotypes for grain yield and yield-related traits. Grain yield performance ranged from 0.97 to 6.16 t/ha under rainfed conditions at Sidi Al-Aidi station and from 3.31 to 9.38 t/h under irrigated conditions at Sidi Al-Aidi station, while Grain yield at Merchouch station ranged from 2.32 to 6.16 t/h under rainfed condition. A total of 159 MTAs (p < 0.001) and 46 genes were discovered, with 67 MTAs recorded under rainfed conditions and 37 MTAs recorded under irrigated conditions at the Sidi Al-Aidi station, while 55 MTAs were recorded under rainfed conditions at Merchouch station. The marker ‘BobWhite_c2988_493’ on chromosome 2B was significantly correlated with grain yield under rainfed conditions. Under irrigated conditions, the marker ‘AX-94653560’ on chromosome 2D was significantly correlated with grain yield at Sidi Al-Aidi station. The maker ‘RAC875_c17918_321’ located on chromosome 4A, associated with grain yield was linked with the gene TraesCS4A02G322700, which encodes for F-box domain-containing protein. The markers and candidate genes discovered in this study should be further validated for their potential use in marker-assisted selection to generate high-yielding wheat genotypes with drought tolerance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tools and Resources for Wheat Molecular Breeding)
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10 pages, 6210 KiB  
Article
Association of Root Hair Length and Density with Yield-Related Traits and Expression Patterns of TaRSL4 Underpinning Root Hair Length in Spring Wheat
by Saman Maqbool, Fatima Saeed, Ali Raza, Awais Rasheed and Zhonghu He
Plants 2022, 11(17), 2235; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172235 - 29 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2079
Abstract
Root hairs play an important role in absorbing water and nutrients in crop plants. Here we optimized high-throughput root hair length (RHL) and root hair density (RHD) phenotyping in wheat using a portable Dinolite™ microscope. A collection of 24 century wide spring wheat [...] Read more.
Root hairs play an important role in absorbing water and nutrients in crop plants. Here we optimized high-throughput root hair length (RHL) and root hair density (RHD) phenotyping in wheat using a portable Dinolite™ microscope. A collection of 24 century wide spring wheat cultivars released between 1911 and 2016 were phenotyped for RHL and RHD. The results revealed significant variations for both traits with five and six-fold variation for RHL and RHD, respectively. RHL ranged from 1.01 mm to 1.77 mm with an average of 1.39 mm, and RHD ranged from 17.08 mm−2 to 20.8 mm−2 with an average of 19.6 mm−2. Agronomic and physiological traits collected from five different environments and their best linear unbiased predictions (BLUPs) were correlated with RHL and RHD, and results revealed that relative-water contents (RWC), biomass and grain per spike (GpS) were positively correlated with RHL in both water-limited and well-watered conditions. While RHD was negatively correlated with grain yield (GY) in four environments and their BLUPs. Both RHL and RHD had positive correlation indicating the possibility of simultaneous selection of both phenotypes during wheat breeding. The expression pattern of TaRSL4 gene involved in regulation of root hair length was determined in all 24 wheat cultivars based on RNA-seq data, which indicated the differentially higher expression of the A- and D- homeologues of the gene in roots, while B-homeologue was consistently expressed in both leaf and roots. The results were validated by qRT-PCR and the expression of TaRSL4 was consistently high in rainfed cultivars such as Chakwal-50, Rawal-87, and Margallah-99. Overall, the new phenotyping method for RHL and RHD along with correlations with morphological and physiological traits in spring wheat cultivars improved our understanding for selection of these phenotypes in wheat breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tools and Resources for Wheat Molecular Breeding)
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