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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, from Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases:...
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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, from Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Isolation, Characterization and Biological Role

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant Protection and Biotic Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 September 2022) | Viewed by 5050

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pierluigi Reveglia

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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Interests: natural product chemistry; bio-analytical chemistry; metabolomics; agricultural and biological sciences; plant science
Dr. Maria Luisa Raimondo

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Guest Editor
Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering (DAFNE), University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
Interests: agricultural and biological sciences; plant science; mycology; plant disease caused by fungi; fungal taxonomy; phylogenetic analyses
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Grapevine Trunk Diseases (GTDs) are considered a serious problem worldwide, causing cankers, dieback and the eventual death of vines. In recent decades, several studies were conducted on the isolation and characterization of phytotoxic secondary metabolites (SMs) produced by pathogens involved in GTDs. When bioassayed, these pathogens showed different degrees of phytotoxicity. Although not all the SMs produced may play a direct role in pathogenicity, these compounds may still play a part in fungal lifestyles and their survival in their ecological niche.

The assignment of the chemical structure to bioactive metabolites is fundamental to understanding their function in the fungal chemical ecology. In this framework, the dereplication of already known SMs, by applying metabolomics approaches, can be a valuable tool for speeding up the characterization of secondary metabolites. This approach can lead to the development of more specific and effective control methods for GTDs.

The objective of this Special Issue of Plants is to cover multidisciplinary studies that aim to isolate and characterize bioactive secondary metabolites produced by GTD fungal pathogens. This knowledge may help to elucidate the role of SMs in pathogenicity, symptom development and other plant–pathogen interactions.

Dr. Pierluigi Reveglia
Dr. Maria Luisa Raimondo
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Vitis vinifera
  • grapevine trunk disease pathogens
  • bioactive secondary metabolites
  • NMR
  • LC-MS/MS
  • dereplication
  • metabolomics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 1116 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Studies on the In Vitro Interactions Between the Secondary Metabolites Produced by Esca-Associated Fungi and Enological Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains
by Leonardo Scarano, Francesco Mazzone, Francesco Mannerucci, Margherita D’Amico, Giovanni Luigi Bruno and Antonio Domenico Marsico
Plants 2022, 11(17), 2277; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11172277 - 31 Aug 2022
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Abstract
Esca-affected vines alter the carbohydrate metabolism, xylem transport of water and photosynthesis and show regular grapes (but berries do not reach maturity), and phenolic compounds are reduced in concentration, oxidate and polymerizate. Pullulan and a mixture of scytalone and isosclerone (9:1; w/ [...] Read more.
Esca-affected vines alter the carbohydrate metabolism, xylem transport of water and photosynthesis and show regular grapes (but berries do not reach maturity), and phenolic compounds are reduced in concentration, oxidate and polymerizate. Pullulan and a mixture of scytalone and isosclerone (9:1; w/w), secondary metabolites produced in vitro and in planta by Phaeoacremonium minimum (syn. P. aleophilum) and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, were assayed against the strains Byosal HS1 and IOC 18-2007 in microvinifications with synthetic grape must. The presence of pullulan and pentaketides mix affects the growth and metabolism of the tested Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. Assays at 100 and 1000 µg mL−1 inhibited the growth of both strains, while no effects were recorded when evaluated at 1 and 5 µg mL−1. In comparison with the controls, pullulan and the scytalone/isosclerone mixture at 10 µg mL−1 had a growth reduction, a lower alcohol yield, reduced the concentration of tartaric acid and malic acid; and slowed down the production of lactic acid, acetic acid and total polyphenol content of the tested S. cerevisiae strains. These metabolites could be applied as an alternative to the sulfite addition in the early stages of vinification to support the action of selected Saccharomyces. Appealing is the subtractive action of pullulan against tartaric acid. Further data are needed to confirm and validate the enological performance in freshly pressed grape juice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, from Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Isolation, Characterization and Biological Role)
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Review

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22 pages, 2490 KiB  
Review
Phytotoxic Metabolites Produced by Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities
by Pierluigi Reveglia, Regina Billones-Baaijens and Sandra Savocchia
Plants 2022, 11(23), 3382; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233382 - 5 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2721
Abstract
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by fungal pathogens, are a serious threat to vineyards worldwide, causing significant yield and economic loss. To date, curative methods are not available for GTDs, and the relationship between the pathogen and symptom expression is poorly understood. Several [...] Read more.
Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), caused by fungal pathogens, are a serious threat to vineyards worldwide, causing significant yield and economic loss. To date, curative methods are not available for GTDs, and the relationship between the pathogen and symptom expression is poorly understood. Several plant pathologists, molecular biologists, and chemists have been investigating different aspects of the pathogenicity, biochemistry, and chemical ecology of the fungal species involved in GTDs. Many studies have been conducted to investigate virulence factors, including the chemical characterization of phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that assist fungi in invading and colonizing crops such as grapevines. Moreover, multidisciplinary studies on their role in pathogenicity, symptom development, and plant-pathogen interactions have also been carried out. The aim of the present review is to provide an illustrative overview of the biological and chemical characterization of PMs produced by fungi involved in Eutypa dieback, Esca complex, and Botryosphaeria dieback. Moreover, multidisciplinary investigations on host-pathogen interactions, including those using cutting-edge Omics techniques, will also be reviewed and discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities in the role of PMs for reliable field diagnosis and control of GTDs in vineyards will also be explored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Secondary Metabolites, from Fungi Involved in Grapevine Trunk Diseases: Isolation, Characterization and Biological Role)
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