Phytohormone-Related Response of Crops to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses

A special issue of Plants (ISSN 2223-7747). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Physiology and Crop Production".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 September 2023) | Viewed by 9439

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Nowoursynowska 159 St., bldg. 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: abscission zone; crops; organ abscission; plant physiology; stress
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Guest Editor
Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Interests: abiotic and biotic stresses; plant hormone homeostasis; plant physiology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is estimated that only about 10% of the area of agricultural land on Earth is free from stress-generating factors and close to optimal for plant cultivation. The rest are characterized by insufficient moisture or flooding, deficiency or excess radiation, low mineral content or toxic ion contamination, too high or low temperature, or salinity. Plants as sessile organisms are also constantly exposed to biotic factors, such as pathogens, herbivores, and other competing species. Their exposure to numerous unfavorable factors requires the development of specific defense mechanisms. The stress response may be local and occur at the site of factor perception, or systemic, when the stressed tissue transmits information to other organs, leading to increased immunity. The main coordinators of all stress-related mechanisms are phytohormones, which can be transported over long distances, acting as signaling molecules. It is well known that stress disrupts hormonal homeostasis. Under unfavorable conditions, many phytohormones, e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonates, and ethylene, are accumulated. They cause metabolic and morphogenetic changes to minimize the negative effects, allowing to adapt to adverse conditions and maintaining the plant’s vitality at the same time. This is why it is so important to understand the regulation of stress responses by phytohormones, which helps to modulate the activity of these compounds to enhance tolerance of different species. Given the progressive climate changes caused by anthropogenic pressure, these issues are important and intriguing because they can be helpful for the improvement of crop resistance, which is valuable information for modern agriculture.

Our Special Issue covers aspects of different phytohormones in plants’ response to environmental issues. Specific topics of interest include biosynthesis, signal transduction, conjugations of plant hormones, and their crosstalk under the influence of biotic and abiotic factors. Original papers, reviews, perspectives, and opinions are welcome.

Dr. Agata Kućko
Dr. Emilia Wilmowicz
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • abiotic stress
  • biotic stress
  • crops
  • crosstalk
  • phytohormones
  • plant tolerance

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 1960 KiB  
Article
Mutations in Selected ABA-Related Genes Reduce Level of Arabidopsis thaliana Susceptibility to the Beet Cyst Nematode Heterodera schachtii
by Elżbieta Różańska, Tomasz Krępski and Anita Wiśniewska
Plants 2023, 12(12), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12122299 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1463
Abstract
Heterodera schachtii is a common parasite of many important crops such as beets and Brassicaceae (oilseed rape, cabbage or mustard). Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant also used for studying defence responses to pathogens or pest infections. Defence responses of plants are often [...] Read more.
Heterodera schachtii is a common parasite of many important crops such as beets and Brassicaceae (oilseed rape, cabbage or mustard). Arabidopsis thaliana is a model plant also used for studying defence responses to pathogens or pest infections. Defence responses of plants are often regulated and fine-tuned by stress phytohormones: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (Et) and abscisic acid (ABA), of which the role of ABA in these responses is the least examined. The aim of this study was to show, if and which genes related to ABA turnover can be modulated during the development of nematode-induced feeding sites in A. thaliana roots. To answer the question, we performed infection tests on wild type and ABA mutant roots and analysed the expression levels of selected ABA-related genes (ABI1, ABI2, ABI5, PYL5, PYL6, CYP707A1 and CYP707A4) at the early stage of root infection. Our results show that the expression of ABI2, ABI5 (ABA signalling) and CYP707A4 (ABA metabolism) genes was upregulated in feeding sites at 4 dpi, whereas the level of expression of PYL5 and PYL6 (ABA receptors) genes was decreased. Mutations in ABI1, ABI2, ABI5, CYP707A1 or CYP707A4 genes led to a decrease of A. thaliana susceptibility verbalised as the number of fully developed females, whereas mutations in PYL5 or PYL6 genes did not influence the number of females of the nematode. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the modifications of analysed ABA-related gene expression are required for the proper development of nematodes; however, further in-depth analyses are required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormone-Related Response of Crops to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses)
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18 pages, 2676 KiB  
Article
Jasmonic Acid Boosts Physio-Biochemical Activities in Grewia asiatica L. under Drought Stress
by Abdul Waheed, Yakupjan Haxim, Gulnaz Kahar, Waqar Islam, Abd Ullah, Khalid Ali Khan, Hamed A. Ghramh, Sajjad Ali, Muhammad Ahsan Asghar, Qinghua Zhao and Daoyuan Zhang
Plants 2022, 11(19), 2480; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192480 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2231
Abstract
It has been shown that jasmonic acid (JA) can alleviate drought stress. Nevertheless, there are still many questions regarding the JA-induced physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie the adaptation of plants to drought stress. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate [...] Read more.
It has been shown that jasmonic acid (JA) can alleviate drought stress. Nevertheless, there are still many questions regarding the JA-induced physiological and biochemical mechanisms that underlie the adaptation of plants to drought stress. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate whether JA application was beneficial for the antioxidant activity, plant performance, and growth of Grewia asiatica L. Therefore, a study was conducted on G. asiatica plants aged six months, exposing them to 100% and 60% of their field capacity. A JA application was only made when the plants were experiencing moderate drought stress (average stem water potential of 1.0 MPa, considered moderate drought stress), and physiological and biochemical measures were monitored throughout the 14-day period. In contrast to untreated plants, the JA-treated plants displayed an improvement in plant growth by 15.5% and increased CO2 assimilation (AN) by 43.9% as well as stomatal conductance (GS) by 42.7% on day 3. The ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of drought-stressed JA-treated plants increased by 87%, 78%, and 60%, respectively, on day 3. In addition, G. asiatica plants stressed by drought accumulated 34% more phenolics and 63% more antioxidants when exposed to JA. This study aimed to understand the mechanism by which G. asiatica survives in drought conditions by utilizing the JA system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormone-Related Response of Crops to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses)
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Review

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23 pages, 2383 KiB  
Review
Interactions of Polyamines and Phytohormones in Plant Response to Abiotic Stress
by Natalia Napieraj, Małgorzata Janicka and Małgorzata Reda
Plants 2023, 12(5), 1159; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12051159 - 3 Mar 2023
Cited by 35 | Viewed by 4778
Abstract
Numerous environmental conditions negatively affect plant production. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, temperature, and heavy metals, cause damage at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular level, and limit plant growth, development, and survival. Studies have indicated that small amine compounds, polyamines (PAs), play [...] Read more.
Numerous environmental conditions negatively affect plant production. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought, temperature, and heavy metals, cause damage at the physiological, biochemical, and molecular level, and limit plant growth, development, and survival. Studies have indicated that small amine compounds, polyamines (PAs), play a key role in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Pharmacological and molecular studies, as well as research using genetic and transgenic approaches, have revealed the favorable effects of PAs on growth, ion homeostasis, water maintenance, photosynthesis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and antioxidant systems in many plant species under abiotic stress. PAs display a multitrack action: regulating the expression of stress response genes and the activity of ion channels; improving the stability of membranes, DNA, and other biomolecules; and interacting with signaling molecules and plant hormones. In recent years the number of reports indicating crosstalk between PAs and phytohormones in plant response to abiotic stresses has increased. Interestingly, some plant hormones, previously known as plant growth regulators, can also participate in plant response to abiotic stresses. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to summarize the most significant results that represent the interactions between PAs and plant hormones, such as abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, ethylene, jasmonates, and gibberellins, in plants under abiotic stress. The future perspectives for research focusing on the crosstalk between PAs and plant hormones were also discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytohormone-Related Response of Crops to Biotic and Abiotic Stresses)
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