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Novel Technology in Optical Communications

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 7258

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Zhongyi Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: advanced optical communications; communication devices and systems; intelligent information processing

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Interest in optical communications has increased due to their higher capacity and improved security compared to those of conventional radiofrequency (RF) techniques. However, the optical communication system is prone to multiple path effects and external factors, resulting in error codes in propagations, which can be solved by channel equalization and coding technology. At present, dimensional resources in the light wave space domain provide new opportunities for the sustainable expansion of optical communications. For example, multi-core optical fibers based on spatial arrangement have been widely used in optical communications. In addition, structured light fields with different spatial structural characteristics can also be used to improve the communication capacity in FSO (Free-Space Optical) communication systems. Typical structured light fields include orbital angular momentum (OAM) light fields, vector light fields, and Hermite Gaussian light fields. However, one of the challenges of OAM-based communications is the perturbations from an inhomogeneous medium, such as atmospheric turbulence in free space and the nonuniform transverse refractive indices in fibers. Here, we are pleased to invite global researchers to present novel solutions to the problems in current optical communications.

This Special Issue aims to collect review articles and original research papers in the field of “Novel Technology in Optical Communications”. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Fiber-optic communication;
  • OAM-based optical communications;
  • Ultraviolet communication;
  • Communication devices and systems;
  • Physical layer security;
  • Channel equalization;
  • Channel coding;
  • Multiple-input multiple-output

Prof. Dr. Zhongyi Guo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

11 pages, 4690 KiB  
Communication
Inter-Mode Crosstalk Estimation between Cores for LPmn Modes in Weakly Coupled Few-Mode Multicore Fiber with Perturbations
by Shuangmeng Liu and Lian Xiang
Sensors 2024, 24(18), 5969; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24185969 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 520
Abstract
A novel inter-mode crosstalk (IMXT) model of LPmn mode for weakly coupled few-mode multicore fiber is proposed based on the coupled mode theory (CMT) with bending and twisting perturbations. A universal expression of the mode coupling coefficient (MCC) between [...] Read more.
A novel inter-mode crosstalk (IMXT) model of LPmn mode for weakly coupled few-mode multicore fiber is proposed based on the coupled mode theory (CMT) with bending and twisting perturbations. A universal expression of the mode coupling coefficient (MCC) between LPmn modes is derived. By employing this MCC, the universal semi-analytical model (USAM) of inter-core crosstalk (ICXT) can be applied to calculate the IMXT. Simulation results show that our model is generally consistent with previous theories when stochastic perturbations are absent. Moreover, our model can work effectively when stochastic perturbations are present, where former theories are not able to work properly. It has been theoretically found that the MCC has an intimate relationship with core pitch. Our model, based on the CMT, can provide physical characteristics in detail, which has not been reported clearly by former theories. In addition, our model is applicable to phase-matching and non-phase-matching regions of both real homogeneous and heterogeneous few-mode multicore fibers (FM-MCFs) with a wider range of applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Optical Communications)
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15 pages, 764 KiB  
Article
Performance Evaluation of UOWC Systems from an Empirical Channel Model Approach for Air Bubble-Induced Scattering
by Pedro Salcedo-Serrano, Rubén Boluda-Ruiz, José María Garrido-Balsells, Beatriz Castillo-Vázquez, Antonio Puerta-Notario and Antonio García-Zambrana
Sensors 2024, 24(16), 5232; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165232 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 734
Abstract
Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems provide the potential to establish secure high-data-rate communication links in underwater environments. The uniqueness of oceanic impairments, such as absorption, scattering, oceanic turbulence, and air bubbles demands accurate statistical channel models based on empirical measurements for the [...] Read more.
Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) systems provide the potential to establish secure high-data-rate communication links in underwater environments. The uniqueness of oceanic impairments, such as absorption, scattering, oceanic turbulence, and air bubbles demands accurate statistical channel models based on empirical measurements for the development of UOWC systems adapted to different types of water and link conditions. Recently, generalized Gamma and a mixture of two generalized Gamma probability density functions (PDF) were proposed to describe the statistical behavior of small and large air bubbles, respectively, when considering several levels of particle-induced scattering. In this paper, we derive novel closed-form analytic expressions to compute the bit error rate (BER) and outage performance using both proposed PDFs for various scattering conditions. Furthermore, simple asymptotic expressions are obtained to determine the diversity order of each scenario. Monte Carlo simulation results verify the obtained theoretical expressions. Our results also reveal that UOWC systems present lower BER and outage performance under more turbid water cases with respect to the tap water case due to the higher diversity order and despite the significant increases in pathloss at short link distances. Particle-induced scattering provides an inherent mechanism of turbid waters to mitigate air bubble-induced fluctuations and light blockages. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Optical Communications)
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11 pages, 3268 KiB  
Article
Novel Optical Modulator Photonic Device Based on TiN/Ti3C2 Heterojunction
by Zexin Zhou, Miao Yan, Hu Liang, Jie Yu, Qidong Liu, Yufeng Song, Jianhua Ji, Zhenhong Wang and Ke Wang
Sensors 2024, 24(16), 5190; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24165190 - 11 Aug 2024
Viewed by 814
Abstract
Due to the ability of optical modulators to achieve rapid modulation of optical signals, meeting the demands of high-speed data transmission, modulators based on different novel nanomaterials have become one of the research hotspots over the past dacade. Recently, TiN/Ti3C2 [...] Read more.
Due to the ability of optical modulators to achieve rapid modulation of optical signals, meeting the demands of high-speed data transmission, modulators based on different novel nanomaterials have become one of the research hotspots over the past dacade. Recently, TiN/Ti3C2 heterojunction exhibits highly efficient thermo-optic performance and extremely strong stability. Therefore, we have demonstrated an all-optical modulator based on the principle of Michelson interference and the thermo-optic effect in this paper. The modulator employs a TiN/Ti3C2 heterojunction-coated microfiber (THM) and further demonstrates its ability to generate phase shifts through an ASE light source. The modulator, with a phase shift slope of 0.025π/mW, can also convert the phase shifts of signal light into amplitude modulation through Michelson interference. The fixed signal light wavelength is 1552.09 nm, and the modulation depth is stable at about 26.4 dB within a wavelength detuning range of −10 to 6 nm; The waveforms of signal light at modulation rates of 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, and 3000 Hz were tested, and a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 2 kHz was measured. The all-optical modulator based on THM has the advantages of high efficiency and stability and has broad application prospects in the fields of all-optical signal processing and high-speed optical communication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Optical Communications)
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11 pages, 3743 KiB  
Article
Minimalist Deployment of Neural Network Equalizers in a Bandwidth-Limited Optical Wireless Communication System with Knowledge Distillation
by Yiming Zhu, Yuan Wei, Chaoxu Chen, Nan Chi and Jianyang Shi
Sensors 2024, 24(5), 1612; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051612 - 1 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1425
Abstract
An equalizer based on a recurrent neural network (RNN), especially with a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (biGRU) structure, is a good choice to deal with nonlinear damage and inter-symbol interference (ISI) in optical communication systems because of its excellent performance in processing time [...] Read more.
An equalizer based on a recurrent neural network (RNN), especially with a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (biGRU) structure, is a good choice to deal with nonlinear damage and inter-symbol interference (ISI) in optical communication systems because of its excellent performance in processing time series information. However, its recursive structure prevents the parallelization of the computation, resulting in a low equalization rate. In order to improve the speed without compromising the equalization performance, we propose a minimalist 1D convolutional neural network (CNN) equalizer, which is reconverted from a biGRU with knowledge distillation (KD). In this work, we applied KD to regression problems and explain how KD helps students learn from teachers in solving regression problems. In addition, we compared the biGRU, 1D-CNN after KD and 1D-CNN without KD in terms of Q-factor and equalization velocity. The experimental data showed that the Q-factor of the 1D-CNN increased by 1 dB after KD learning from the biGRU, and KD increased the RoP sensitivity of the 1D-CNN by 0.89 dB with the HD-FEC threshold of 1 × 10−3. At the same time, compared with the biGRU, the proposed 1D-CNN equalizer reduced the computational time consumption by 97% and the number of trainable parameters by 99.3%, with only a 0.5 dB Q-factor penalty. The results demonstrate that the proposed minimalist 1D-CNN equalizer holds significant promise for future practical deployments in optical wireless communication systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Optical Communications)
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10 pages, 1824 KiB  
Article
Dense Space-Division Multiplexing Exploiting Multi-Ring Perfect Vortex
by Xing Liu, Duo Deng, Zhenjun Yang and Yan Li
Sensors 2023, 23(23), 9533; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239533 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 950
Abstract
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have gained much interest in optical communications because they can be used to expand the number of multiplexing channels and greatly improve the transmission capacity. However, the number of states used for OAM-based communication is generally [...] Read more.
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have gained much interest in optical communications because they can be used to expand the number of multiplexing channels and greatly improve the transmission capacity. However, the number of states used for OAM-based communication is generally limited by the imperfect OAM generation, transmission, and demultiplexing methods. In this work, we proposed a dense space-division multiplexing (DSDM) scheme to further increase the transmission capacity and transmission capacity density of free space optical communications with a small range of OAM modes exploiting a multi-ring perfect vortex (MRPV). The proposed MRPV is generated using a pixel checkerboard complex amplitude modulation method that simultaneously encodes amplitude and phase information in a phase-only hologram. The four rings of the MRPV are mutually independent channels that transmit OAM beams under the condition of occupying only one spatial position, and the OAM mode transmitted in these spatial channels can be efficiently demodulated using a multilayer annular aperture. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the MRPV was also analyzed, and the results showed that the four channels of the MRPV can be effectively separated under weak turbulence conditions. Under the condition of limited available space and OAM states, the proposed DSDM strategy exploiting MRPV might inspire wide optical communication applications exploiting the space dimension of light beams. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Optical Communications)
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Review

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24 pages, 4888 KiB  
Review
Research Progress on Router Devices for the OAM Optical Communication
by Binbin Wang, Xizheng Zhang, Jinlong Tian, Badreddine Merabet, Zhixiang Li, Syed Afaq Ali Shah, Yi Lei, Bingyi Liu, Kai Guo and Zhongyi Guo
Sensors 2024, 24(3), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030944 - 1 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) provide a new degree of freedom for light waves in addition to the traditional degrees of freedom, such as intensity, phase, frequency, time, and polarization. Due to the theoretically unlimited orthogonal states, the physical dimension of [...] Read more.
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) provide a new degree of freedom for light waves in addition to the traditional degrees of freedom, such as intensity, phase, frequency, time, and polarization. Due to the theoretically unlimited orthogonal states, the physical dimension of OAM is capable of addressing the problem of low information capacity. With the advancement of the OAM optical communication technology, OAM router devices (OAM-RDs) have played a key role in significantly improving the flexibility and practicability of communication systems. In this review, major breakthroughs in the OAM-RDs are summarized, and the latest technological standing is examined. Additionally, a detailed account of the recent works published on techniques related to the OAM-RDs has been categorized into five areas: channel multicasting, channel switching, channel filtering, channel hopping, and channel adding/extracting. Meanwhile, the principles, research methods, advantages, and disadvantages are discussed and summarized in depth while analyzing the future development trends and prospects of the OAM-RDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Technology in Optical Communications)
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