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16 pages, 3714 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Portable Readout System for Biomarker Detection with Aptamer-Modified CMOS ISFET Array

by Dmitriy Ryazantsev, Mark Shustinskiy, Andrey Sheshil, Alexey Titov, Vitaliy Grudtsov, Valerii Vechorko, Irakli Kitiashvili, Kirill Puchnin, Alexander Kuznetsov and Natalia Komarova

Sensors 2024, 24(10), 3008; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103008 - 9 May 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1094

Abstract

Biosensors based on ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) combined with aptamers offer a promising and convenient solution for point-of-care testing applications due to the ability for fast and label-free detection of a wide range of biomarkers. Mobile and easy-to-use readout devices for the [...] Read more.

Biosensors based on ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) combined with aptamers offer a promising and convenient solution for point-of-care testing applications due to the ability for fast and label-free detection of a wide range of biomarkers. Mobile and easy-to-use readout devices for the ISFET aptasensors would contribute to further development of the field. In this paper, the development of a portable PC-controlled device for detecting aptamer-target interactions using ISFETs is described. The device assembly allows selective modification of individual ISFETs with different oligonucleotides. Ta₂O₅-gated ISFET structures were optimized to minimize trapped charge and capacitive attenuation. Integrated CMOS readout circuits with linear transfer function were used to minimize the distortion of the original ISFET signal. An external analog signal digitizer with constant voltage and superimposed high-frequency sine wave reference voltage capabilities was designed to increase sensitivity when reading ISFET signals. The device performance was demonstrated with the aptamer-driven detection of troponin I in both reference voltage setting modes. The sine wave reference voltage measurement method reduced the level of drift over time and enabled a lowering of the minimum detectable analyte concentration. In this mode (constant voltage 2.4 V and 10 kHz 0.1Vp-p), the device allowed the detection of troponin I with a limit of detection of 3.27 ng/mL. Discrimination of acute myocardial infarction was demonstrated with the developed device. The ISFET device provides a platform for the multiplexed detection of different biomarkers in point-of-care testing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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12 pages, 4100 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Small Highly Sensitive Glucose Sensor Based on a Glucose Oxidase-Modified U-Shaped Microfiber

by Tingkuo Chen, Haiming Jiang, Kang Xie and Hongyan Xia

Sensors 2024, 24(2), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020684 - 21 Jan 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1735

Abstract

Diabetes patients need to monitor blood glucose all year round. In this article, a novel scheme is proposed for blood glucose detection. The proposed sensor is based on a U-shaped microfiber prepared using hydrogen-oxygen flame-heating technology, and then 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glucose oxidase [...] Read more.

Diabetes patients need to monitor blood glucose all year round. In this article, a novel scheme is proposed for blood glucose detection. The proposed sensor is based on a U-shaped microfiber prepared using hydrogen-oxygen flame-heating technology, and then 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and glucose oxidase (GOD) are successively coated on the surface of the U-shaped microfiber via a coating technique. The glucose reacts with the GOD of the sensor surface to produce gluconic acid, which changes the effective refractive index and then shifts the interference wavelength. The structure and morphology of the sensor were characterized via scanning electron microscope (SEM) and confocal laser microscopy (CLM). The experimental results show that the sensitivity of the sensor is as high as 5.73 nm/(mg/mL). Compared with the glucose sensor composed of the same material, the sensitivity of the sensor increased by 329%. The proposed sensor has a broad application prospect in blood glucose detection of diabetic patients due to the advantages of miniaturization, high sensitivity, and good stability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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12 pages, 3991 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Synthesis of Graphene Oxide-Coupled CoNi Bimetallic MOF Nanocomposites for the Simultaneous Analysis of Catechol and Hydroquinone

by Shengbiao Zheng, Nini Zhang, Liang Li, Tianna Liu, Yuyang Zhang, Jing Tang, Jiahao Guo and Shao Su

Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6957; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156957 - 5 Aug 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1635

Abstract

Herein, a three-dimensional flower-like cobalt-nickel bimetallic metal-organic framework (CoNi-MOF) coupled with two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites was successfully synthesized for the selective and simultaneous electrochemical determination of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ). The three-dimensional flower-like structure of the CoNi-MOF/GO nanocomposite has a multilayer [...] Read more.

Herein, a three-dimensional flower-like cobalt-nickel bimetallic metal-organic framework (CoNi-MOF) coupled with two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites was successfully synthesized for the selective and simultaneous electrochemical determination of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ). The three-dimensional flower-like structure of the CoNi-MOF/GO nanocomposite has a multilayer structure and a large surface area, which greatly improves its electrocatalytic activity towards CC and HQ. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) results showed that the peak-to-peak separation of CC (0.223 V) and HQ (0.120 V) was 103 mV at a CoNi-MOF/GO modified glassy carbon electrode (CoNi-MOF/GO/GCE), suggesting that the proposed modified electrode can selectively and simultaneously determine them. Under optimal conditions, the CoNi-MOF/GO/GCE showed an excellent analytical performance for the simultaneous determination of CC and HQ, including a wide linear range (0.1–100 μM), low detection limit (0.04 μM for HQ and 0.03 μM for CC) and high anti-interference ability. As expected, the developed modified electrode has been used to analyze CC and HQ in river water, with acceptable results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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11 pages, 1842 KiB

Open AccessArticle

High-Throughput Effect-Directed Monitoring Platform for Specific Toxicity Quantification of Unknown Waters: Lead-Caused Cell Damage as a Model Using a DNA Hybrid Chain-Reaction-Induced AuNPs@aptamer Self-Assembly Assay

by Jiaxuan Xiao, Kuijing Yuan, Yu Tao, Yuhan Wang, Xiaofeng Yang, Jian Cui, Dali Wei and Zhen Zhang

Sensors 2023, 23(15), 6877; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23156877 - 3 Aug 2023

Viewed by 1227

Abstract

A high-throughput cell-based monitoring platform was fabricated to rapidly measure the specific toxicity of unknown waters, based on AuNPs@aptamer fluorescence bioassays. The aptamer is employed in the platform for capturing the toxicity indicator, wherein hybrid chain-reaction (HCR)-induced DNA functional gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) self-assembly [...] Read more.

A high-throughput cell-based monitoring platform was fabricated to rapidly measure the specific toxicity of unknown waters, based on AuNPs@aptamer fluorescence bioassays. The aptamer is employed in the platform for capturing the toxicity indicator, wherein hybrid chain-reaction (HCR)-induced DNA functional gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) self-assembly was carried out for signal amplification, which is essential for sensitively measuring the sub-lethal effects caused by target compounds. Moreover, the excellent stability given by the synthesized DNA nanostructure provides mild conditions for the aptamer thus used to bind the analyte. Herein, ATP was treated as a toxicity indicator and verified using lead-caused cell damage as a model. Under optimized conditions, excellent performance for water sample measurement was observed, yielding satisfactory accuracy (recovery rate: 82.69–114.20%; CV, 2.57%–4.65%) and sensitivity (LOD, 0.26 µM) without sample pretreatment other than filtration, indicating the method’s simplicity, high efficiency, and reliability. Most importantly, this bioassay could be used as a universal platform to encourage its application in the rapid quantification of specific toxicity in varied sources of samples, ranging from drinking water to highly contaminated wastewater. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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Review

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22 pages, 9070 KiB

Open AccessReview

DNA-Based Gold Nanoparticle Assemblies: From Structure Constructions to Sensing Applications

by Mo Xie, Jinke Jiang and Jie Chao

Sensors 2023, 23(22), 9229; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23229229 - 16 Nov 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3445

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have become one of the building blocks for superior assembly and device fabrication due to the intrinsic, tunable physical properties of nanoparticles. With the development of DNA nanotechnology, gold nanoparticles are organized in a highly precise and controllable way [...] Read more.

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have become one of the building blocks for superior assembly and device fabrication due to the intrinsic, tunable physical properties of nanoparticles. With the development of DNA nanotechnology, gold nanoparticles are organized in a highly precise and controllable way under the mediation of DNA, achieving programmability and specificity unmatched by other ligands. The successful construction of abundant gold nanoparticle assembly structures has also given rise to the fabrication of a wide range of sensors, which has greatly contributed to the development of the sensing field. In this review, we focus on the progress in the DNA-mediated assembly of Au NPs and their application in sensing in the past five years. Firstly, we highlight the strategies used for the orderly organization of Au NPs with DNA. Then, we describe the DNA-based assembly of Au NPs for sensing applications and representative research therein. Finally, we summarize the advantages of DNA nanotechnology in assembling complex Au NPs and outline the challenges and limitations in constructing complex gold nanoparticle assembly structures with tailored functionalities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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19 pages, 9794 KiB

Open AccessReview

Anti-Fouling Strategies of Electrochemical Sensors for Tumor Markers

by Ge Song, Hongliang Han and Zhanfang Ma

Sensors 2023, 23(11), 5202; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23115202 - 30 May 2023

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2526

Abstract

The early detection and prognosis of cancers require sensitive and accurate detection methods; with developments in medicine, electrochemical biosensors have been developed that can meet these clinical needs. However, the composition of biological samples represented by serum is complex; when substances undergo non-specific [...] Read more.

The early detection and prognosis of cancers require sensitive and accurate detection methods; with developments in medicine, electrochemical biosensors have been developed that can meet these clinical needs. However, the composition of biological samples represented by serum is complex; when substances undergo non-specific adsorption to an electrode and cause fouling, the sensitivity and accuracy of the electrochemical sensor are affected. In order to reduce the effects of fouling on electrochemical sensors, a variety of anti-fouling materials and methods have been developed, and enormous progress has been made over the past few decades. Herein, the recent advances in anti-fouling materials and strategies for using electrochemical sensors for tumor markers are reviewed; we focus on new anti-fouling methods that separate the immunorecognition and signal readout platforms. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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14 pages, 2146 KiB

Open AccessReview

Interactions of Nanomaterials with Gut Microbiota and Their Applications in Cancer Therapy

by Xiaohui Li, Huan Wei, Jiachen Qi, Ke Ma, Yucheng Luo and Lixing Weng

Sensors 2023, 23(9), 4428; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23094428 - 30 Apr 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2499

Abstract

Cancer treatment is a challenge by its incredible complexity. As a key driver and player of cancer, gut microbiota influences the efficacy of cancer treatment. Modalities to manipulate gut microbiota have been reported to enhance antitumor efficacy in some cases. Nanomaterials (NMs) have [...] Read more.

Cancer treatment is a challenge by its incredible complexity. As a key driver and player of cancer, gut microbiota influences the efficacy of cancer treatment. Modalities to manipulate gut microbiota have been reported to enhance antitumor efficacy in some cases. Nanomaterials (NMs) have been comprehensively applied in cancer diagnosis, imaging, and theranostics due to their unique and excellent properties, and their effectiveness is also influenced by gut microbiota. Nanotechnology is capable of targeting and manipulating gut microbiota, which offers massive opportunities to potentiate cancer treatment. Given the complexity of gut microbiota–host interactions, understanding NMs–gut interactions and NMs–gut microbiota interactions are important for applying nanotechnologies towards manipulating gut microbiota in cancer prevention and treatment. In this review, we provide an overview of NMs–gut interactions and NMs–gut microbiota interactions and highlight the influences of gut microbiota on the diagnosis and treatment effects of NMs, further illustrating the potential of nanotechnologies in cancer therapy. Investigation of the influences of NMs on cancer from the perspective of gut microbiota will boost the prospect of nanotechnology intervention of gut microbiota for cancer therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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17 pages, 3451 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advances in Portable Heavy Metal Ion Sensors

by Tao Hu, Qingteng Lai, Wen Fan, Yanke Zhang and Zhengchun Liu

Sensors 2023, 23(8), 4125; https://doi.org/10.3390/s23084125 - 20 Apr 2023

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 9812

Abstract

Heavy metal ions, one of the major pollutants in the environment, exhibit non-degradable and bio-chain accumulation characteristics, seriously damage the environment, and threaten human health. Traditional heavy metal ion detection methods often require complex and expensive instruments, professional operation, tedious sample preparation, high [...] Read more.

Heavy metal ions, one of the major pollutants in the environment, exhibit non-degradable and bio-chain accumulation characteristics, seriously damage the environment, and threaten human health. Traditional heavy metal ion detection methods often require complex and expensive instruments, professional operation, tedious sample preparation, high requirements for laboratory conditions, and operator professionalism, and they cannot be widely used in the field for real-time and rapid detection. Therefore, developing portable, highly sensitive, selective, and economical sensors is necessary for the detection of toxic metal ions in the field. This paper presents portable sensing based on optical and electrochemical methods for the in situ detection of trace heavy metal ions. Progress in research on portable sensor devices based on fluorescence, colorimetric, portable surface Raman enhancement, plasmon resonance, and various electrical parameter analysis principles is highlighted, and the characteristics of the detection limits, linear detection ranges, and stability of the various sensing methods are analyzed. Accordingly, this review provides a reference for the design of portable heavy metal ion sensing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micro/Nano Biosensors and Devices)

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