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Symmetry
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Symmetry/Asymmetry: Feature Review Papers 2024
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Symmetry/Asymmetry: Feature Review Papers 2024

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 3122

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Sergei Odintsov

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ICREA, 08010 Barcelona and Institute of Space Sciences (IEEC-CSIC), C. Can Magrans s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
Interests: cosmology; dark energy and inflation; classical and quantum gravity; extended gravity; quantum fields in curved spacetime
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to publish high-quality long and complete review papers in Symmetry. The Issue will highlight a diverse set of topics related to symmetry/asymmetry phenomena wherever they occur in all aspects of natural sciences (e.g., physics, chemistry, life sciences, mathematics, materials, engineering science and computer science).

We are particularly interested in receiving manuscripts that review experimental and theoretical/computational studies as well as contributions from all disciplines.

All submissions should be explicitly related to symmetry studies and the related areas of symmetry already discussed in the journal Symmetry.

Prof. Dr. Sergei Odintsov
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • computer science
  • mathematics
  • physics
  • chemistry: symmetry/asymmetry
  • life sciences
  • engineering and materials

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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40 pages, 4360 KiB  
Article
Phenomenon of Post-Vibration Interactions
by Anastasia Petrova, Sergey Tarasov, Evgeniy Gorbunov, German Stepanov, Olga Fartushnaya, Evgenii Zubkov, Irina Molodtsova, Vladimir Boriskin, Anastasia Zatykina, Alexey Smirnov, Svetlana Zakharova, Sabina Yaroshenko, Anna Ponomareva, Nataliya Petrova, Elena Kardash, Ksenia Ganina, Natalia Rodionova, Alexander Kovalchuk and Oleg Epstein
Symmetry 2024, 16(8), 958; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16080958 - 27 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1107
Abstract
During the preparation of high dilutions, repeated external vibration (shaking) is used. We hypothesized that it was the vibration treatment, and not the negligible content of the initial substance, that underlies the activity of highly diluted preparations. In order to test this, the [...] Read more.
During the preparation of high dilutions, repeated external vibration (shaking) is used. We hypothesized that it was the vibration treatment, and not the negligible content of the initial substance, that underlies the activity of highly diluted preparations. In order to test this, the vibration was separated from the dilution process. After vibrating two tubes together on a vortex mixer (one containing water and the other the initial substance) the electrical conductivity and radio frequency radiation intensity of water differed from the unvibrated control, and the ability to exert a modifying effect on the target solution appeared, as assessed using ELISA and terahertz spectroscopy, appeared. Thus, the properties of the neutral carrier (water) changed after non-contact exposure to the initial substance. We have named this process ‘crossing’ and its products ‘aqueous iterations of the initial substance’. Several aqueous iterations with different physical properties were obtained, some of which have a modifying effect and others cause various chemical (catalytic) and biological (antiviral) effects similar to those of the initial substance. This indicates that during crossing, substances enter into post-vibration supramolecular interactions. At the nanoscale level, aqueous iterations and the initial substance are structurally symmetrical, which allows us to assume that the preservation of the symmetry of substances subjected to vibration treatment is the basis of the post-vibration interaction phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry: Feature Review Papers 2024)
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Review

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19 pages, 3381 KiB  
Review
TIME REFRACTION and SPACETIME OPTICS
by José Tito Mendonça
Symmetry 2024, 16(11), 1548; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16111548 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 397
Abstract
A review of recent advances in spacetime optics is given, with special emphasis on time refraction. This is a basic optical process, occurring at a temporal discontinuity or temporal boundary, which is able to produce various different effects, such as frequency shifts, energy [...] Read more.
A review of recent advances in spacetime optics is given, with special emphasis on time refraction. This is a basic optical process, occurring at a temporal discontinuity or temporal boundary, which is able to produce various different effects, such as frequency shifts, energy amplification, time reflection, and photon emission. If, instead of a single discontinuity, we have two reverse temporal boundaries, we can form a temporal beam splitter, where temporal interferences can occur. It will also be shown that, in the presence of an axis of symmetry, such as a magnetic field, the temporal beam splitter can induce a rotation of the initial polarization state, similar to a Faraday rotation. Recent work on time crystals, superluminal fronts, and superfluid light will be reviewed. Time gates based on spacetime optical effects will be discussed. We also mention recent work on optical metamaterials. Finally, the quantum properties of time refraction, which imply the emission of photon from vacuum, are considered, while similar problems in high-energy QED associated with electron–positron pairs are briefly mentioned. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry: Feature Review Papers 2024)
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38 pages, 513 KiB  
Review
Thermodynamics and Decay of de Sitter Vacuum
by Grigory E. Volovik
Symmetry 2024, 16(6), 763; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060763 - 18 Jun 2024
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1192
Abstract
We discuss the consequences of the unique symmetry of de Sitter spacetime. This symmetry leads to the specific thermodynamic properties of the de Sitter vacuum, which produces a thermal bath for matter. de Sitter spacetime is invariant under the modified translations, [...] Read more.
We discuss the consequences of the unique symmetry of de Sitter spacetime. This symmetry leads to the specific thermodynamic properties of the de Sitter vacuum, which produces a thermal bath for matter. de Sitter spacetime is invariant under the modified translations, r→r−eHta, where H is the Hubble parameter. For H→0, this symmetry corresponds to the conventional invariance of Minkowski spacetime under translations r→r−a. Due to this symmetry, all the comoving observers at any point of the de Sitter space perceive the de Sitter environment as the thermal bath with temperature T=H/π, which is twice as large as the Gibbons–Hawking temperature of the cosmological horizon. This temperature does not violate de Sitter symmetry and, thus, does not require the preferred reference frame, as distinct from the thermal state of matter, which violates de Sitter symmetry. This leads to the heat exchange between gravity and matter and to the instability of the de Sitter state towards the creation of matter, its further heating, and finally the decay of the de Sitter state. The temperature T=H/π determines different processes in the de Sitter environment that are not possible in the Minkowski vacuum, such as the process of ionization of an atom in the de Sitter environment. This temperature also determines the local entropy of the de Sitter vacuum state, and this allows us to calculate the total entropy of the volume inside the cosmological horizon. The result reproduces the Gibbons–Hawking area law, which is attributed to the cosmological horizon, Shor=4πKA, where K=1/(16πG). This supports the holographic properties of the cosmological event horizon. We extend the consideration of the local thermodynamics of the de Sitter state using the f(R) gravity. In this thermodynamics, the Ricci scalar curvature R and the effective gravitational coupling K are thermodynamically conjugate variables. The holographic connection between the bulk entropy of the Hubble volume and the surface entropy of the cosmological horizon remains the same but with the gravitational coupling K=df/dR. Such a connection takes place only in the 3+1 spacetime, where there is a special symmetry due to which the variables K and R have the same dimensionality. We also consider the lessons from de Sitter symmetry for the thermodynamics of black and white holes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry/Asymmetry: Feature Review Papers 2024)
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