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Toxics
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Risks to Aquatic Animal Health Conditions in Environmental Extremes: Research...
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Risks to Aquatic Animal Health Conditions in Environmental Extremes: Research and Management

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecotoxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2024) | Viewed by 5696

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jill A. Jenkins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
United States Geological Survey—Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Lafayette, LA, USA
Interests: environmental stressors; biomarker development; endocrine disruption; genetics; comparative immunology
Steve L. Goodbred

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Scientist Emeritus, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
Interests: endocrine disruption; environmental contaminants; fisheries biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, no science journal has attempted to present contemporary issues resulting from the complexities of dynamic changes in physiology and the health of fish and aquatic species in a changing climate, especially in relation to environmentally occurring chemical compounds. This Special Issue is requesting contributions whose hypotheses involve aquatic species—with an emphasis on teleost fishes—which are experiencing new and evolving physiological challenges from contaminants, as well as the effects of climate dynamics and weather events. This Special Issue will include such articles on how aquatic species are being influenced by dramatic changes in water availability and use, volume, temperature, and associated weather phenomena. The goal is to publish a series of papers authored by experts on integrated effects, at a number of relevant biological and ecological hierarchies, involving effects of contaminants and climate dynamics on aquatic species. These articles will touch on topics that include data, such as molecular and protein biomarker expressions, organismal mortalities, morphological adaptations, reproductive ecotoxicology, fish recruitment, ecosystem changes over time, as well as broad outlooks on populations and management.

Dr. Jill A. Jenkins
Steve L. Goodbred
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

 

Keywords

  • contaminants
  • climate change
  • fish physiology
  • aquatic animal health
  • aquatic ecosystems
  • environmental risks
  • ecotoxicology
  • biomarkerss
  • reproduction
  • populations
  • management
  • adaptation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

30 pages, 3887 KiB  
Article
Fish Health Altered by Contaminants and Low Water Temperatures Compounded by Prolonged Regional Drought in the Lower Colorado River Basin, USA
by Steven L. Goodbred, Sr., Reynaldo Patiño, David A. Alvarez, Darren Johnson, Deena Hannoun, Kathy R. Echols and Jill A. Jenkins
Toxics 2024, 12(10), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100708 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 857
Abstract
The goal of this study was to assess health of male Common Carp (carp, Cyprinus carpio) at four sites with a wide range in environmental organic contaminant (EOC) concentrations and water temperatures in Lake Mead National Recreation Area NV/AZ, US, and the [...] Read more.
The goal of this study was to assess health of male Common Carp (carp, Cyprinus carpio) at four sites with a wide range in environmental organic contaminant (EOC) concentrations and water temperatures in Lake Mead National Recreation Area NV/AZ, US, and the potential influence of regional drought. Histological and reproductive biomarkers were measured in 17–30 carp at four sites and 130 EOCs in water per site were analyzed using passive samplers in 2010. Wide ranges among sites were noted in total EOC concentrations (>10Xs) and water temperature/degree days (10Xs). In 2007/08, total polychlorinated biphenyls (tPCBs) in fish whole bodies from Willow Beach (WB) in the free-flowing Colorado River below Hoover Dam were clearly higher than at the other sites. This was most likely due to longer exposures in colder water (12–14 °C) and fish there having the longest lifespan (up to 54 years) for carp reported in the Colorado River Basin. Calculated estrogenicity in water exceeded long-term, environmentally safe criteria of 0.1–0.4 ng/L by one to three orders of magnitude at all sites except the reference site. Low ecological screening values for four contaminants of emerging concern (CEC) in water were exceeded for one CEC in the reference site, two in WB and Las Vegas Bay and three in the most contaminated site LVW. Fish health biomarkers in WB carp had 25% lower liver glycogen, 10Xs higher testicular pigmented cell aggregates and higher sperm abnormalities than the reference site. Sperm from LVW fish also had significantly higher fragmentation of DNA, lower motility and testis had lower percent of spermatozoa, all of which can impair reproduction. Projections from a 3D water quality model performed for WB showed that EOC concentrations due to prolonged regional drought and reduced water levels could increase as high as 135%. Water temperatures by late 21st century are predicted to rise between 0.7 and 2.1 °C that could increase eutrophication, algal blooms, spread disease and decrease dissolved oxygen over 5%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risks to Aquatic Animal Health Conditions in Environmental Extremes: Research and Management)
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19 pages, 3057 KiB  
Article
Battle of the Bites: The Effect of Sewage Effluent Exposure on Mosquitofish Biocontrol of Mosquitoes in Residential Louisiana
by Emily A. Kane, Shubham V. K. Yadav, Adeline Fogle, Nigel A. D’Souza, Nicholas DeLisi and Kevin A. Caillouët
Toxics 2024, 12(4), 259; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12040259 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1545
Abstract
Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, are eponymous larval mosquito predators. Their ability to colonize and survive in habitats that are uninhabitable by other potential predators allows them to naturally manage larval mosquito populations in most ground pools they are present in. However, effluent from [...] Read more.
Mosquitofish, Gambusia affinis, are eponymous larval mosquito predators. Their ability to colonize and survive in habitats that are uninhabitable by other potential predators allows them to naturally manage larval mosquito populations in most ground pools they are present in. However, effluent from residential onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) appears to limit the presence of fish predators. This is especially problematic in Louisiana, where regulations allow the discharge of OWTS effluent into open drainage conveyances. To determine the effect of effluent on the capacity of mosquitofish for biocontrol in contaminated areas, we assessed the body condition metrics of populations from two effluent-exposed sites and two sites not exposed to effluent, determined the lethal effect of effluent-contaminated drainage water on fish, and measured the prey consumption rates in the presence of effluent. Female fish collected from effluent-impacted sites had a reduced somatic body condition and most females examined displayed masculinized anal fins resembling the male gonopodium structure. This trait was not seen in fish collected from the control sites and has not yet been documented in association with OWTSs or in the state of Louisiana. Fish from the control sites survived at effluent-contaminated water levels < 70%, and the prey clearance rates increased with dilution. Onsite wastewater treatment system effluent has significant effects on both the short- and long-term persistence of mosquitofish, their body composition, reproductive health, and larval mosquito consumption. These effects likely release mosquito larvae from suppression and may increase the threat of mosquito-transmitted pathogens in effluent-contaminated locations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risks to Aquatic Animal Health Conditions in Environmental Extremes: Research and Management)
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20 pages, 3504 KiB  
Article
Monitoring of Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Fish Farm Water and Fumonisins in Feeds for Farmed Colossoma macropomum
by Juliana Sousa Terada-Nascimento, Jerônimo Vieira Dantas-Filho, Bruna Lucieny Temponi-Santos, Vinícius Perez-Pedroti, Maria Mirtes de Lima Pinheiro, Ricardo Ysaac García-Nuñez, Igor Mansur Muniz, Átila Bezerra de Mira, Elica Amara Cecilia Guedes and Sandro de Vargas Schons
Toxics 2023, 11(9), 762; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11090762 - 8 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2409
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in fish farm water and mycotoxins in feeds for farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A total of 40 samples of freshwater from fish farms and 16 samples of feed were collected and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of mycotoxigenic fungi in fish farm water and mycotoxins in feeds for farmed tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). A total of 40 samples of freshwater from fish farms and 16 samples of feed were collected and analyzed for microbiology. A total of five species of free-living fungi were identified in fish farms: Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium citrinum, P. implicatum, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata. These fungi species were counted in water samples at 35.14 CFU mL−1 and 24.69 CFU mL−1 in the dry seasons. In all fish farms, there was a higher abundance of fungi species in the rainy season. During visits to the fish farmers, it was possible to verify poor feed storage conditions. Concerning mutations in blood cells, in tambaqui (C. macropomum), a total of 159 anomalies were found, and in Leptodactylus petersii, 299 anomalies were found, with higher incidences in conditions above 1.0 CFU mL−1 in log10(x+1) fungi and in the rainy season. The occurrence of mycotoxicological contamination was confirmed in 81.25% of the analyzed samples. The quantified mycotoxin was Fumonisins B1 + B2 (375 to 1418 μg kg−1). Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between Fumonisins and feed samples (r = 0.83). There was also a significant positive correlation between the abundance of fungi in water and the quantification of Fumonisins (r = 0.79). Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that free-living fungi can be used as bioindicators of water quality in fish farms. Consequently, the lack of good management practices caused microbiological contamination of the aquatic environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Risks to Aquatic Animal Health Conditions in Environmental Extremes: Research and Management)
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