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Veterinary Sciences
Special Issues
Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases
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Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases in Veterinary Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2022) | Viewed by 41976

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Xinwei Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Interests: animal metabolic diseases (obesity, fatty liver, diabetes, ketosis, SARA, and so on); inflammation; oxidative stress; autophagy; insulin resistance; metabolism and immunity; rumen metabolism; milk formation and quality
Prof. Dr. Guowen Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
Interests: animal metabolic diseases (obesity, fatty liver, diabetes, ketosis, SARA, and so on); inflammation; oxidative stress; autophagy; insulin resistance; metabolism and immunity; rumen metabolism; milk formation and quality

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the large-scale and intensive development of animal husbandry, some diseases related to nutrition metabolism have caused inestimable losses to animal husbandry. Animal nutritional and metabolic diseases have become an important research topic in animal husbandry. Animal nutritional and metabolic diseases, when present, often seriously affect the performance and production of animals due to the complexity of their etiology, the group nature of the diseases, the potential loss, and the easily ignored clinical characteristics. The harm and loss caused by animal nutritional and metabolic diseases are second only to epidemic infectious diseases. Therefore, the research and control of animal nutritional and metabolic diseases have attracted the attention of countries all over the world. In this Special Issue, we will collect scientific works from a broad range of research fields to better understand the current challenges, opportunities, and successes in the research field of “Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases”.

Suitable topics for contributions to the Special Issue include the epidemiological investigation, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of animal nutritional and metabolic diseases, i.e.:

  • Disorders of sugar, fat and protein metabolism (Ketosis, Fatty liver, Obesity, Subacute rumen acidosis);
  • Trace element deficiency (Selenium, Copper, Zinc, Manganese Deficiency, and so on);
  • Hypovitaminosis (Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K);
  • Mineral metabolic disease (Calcium, Phosphate, Magnesium);
  • Ascites syndrome in broilers, tibial dyschondroplasia, poultry gout.

Contributions are not limited to the above list; we particularly encourage submissions with a focus on fundamental and applied research in this field.

Prof. Dr. Xinwei Li
Prof. Dr. Guowen Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animal metabolic diseases
  • disorders of sugar
  • fat and protein metabolism
  • trace element deficiency
  • hypovitaminosis
  • mineral metabolic disease
  • ascites syndrome in broilers
  • tibial dyschondroplasia
  • poultry gout

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

6 pages, 222 KiB  
Communication
Antioxidant Effect of a Dietary Supplement Containing Fermentative S-Acetyl-Glutathione and Silybin in Dogs with Liver Disease
by Elisa Martello, Francesca Perondi, Donal Bisanzio, Ilaria Lippi, Giorgia Meineri and Valeria Gabriele
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(2), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020131 - 8 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3083
Abstract
Oxidative stress is often involved in liver disease progression. Liver is the primary site for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major intracellular antioxidant. GSH erythrocyte concentration can decrease in case of liver damage. So, the use of food supplements with antioxidant capacity [...] Read more.
Oxidative stress is often involved in liver disease progression. Liver is the primary site for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major intracellular antioxidant. GSH erythrocyte concentration can decrease in case of liver damage. So, the use of food supplements with antioxidant capacity has been reported in the veterinary literature. In this case–control study, we tested a new supplement containing S-acetyl-glutathione (SAG), silybin, and other antioxidant ingredients in dogs affected by liver disease. After two weeks of supplement administration, we were able to report a significant increase in the level of erythrocyte GSH in the treated (TRT) group, nearly reaching the physiological limit at the end of the study. In addition, most of the key liver parameters are significantly reduced in the TRT group by the end of the trial. The results of this study support the effectiveness of the tested complementary feed, which may be helpful in managing dogs with liver conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
12 pages, 2127 KiB  
Article
Effect of Dietary Chlorogenic Acid on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Function, and Immune Response of Broiler Breeders under Immune Stress and Stocking Density Stress
by Dongying Bai, Kexin Liu, Xianglong He, Haiqiu Tan, Yanhao Liu, Yuqian Li, Yi Zhang, Wenrui Zhen, Cai Zhang and Yanbo Ma
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(10), 582; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100582 - 21 Oct 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 2471
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant function, and immune response of broiler breeders exposed to immune stress or high stocking density stress. The test was divided into two stress models. For [...] Read more.
The study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chlorogenic acid supplementation on the growth performance, antioxidant function, and immune response of broiler breeders exposed to immune stress or high stocking density stress. The test was divided into two stress models. For the immune stress test, 198 birds were distributed into three experimental treatments with six replicates per treatment. The treatments were: (1) saline control (birds injected with saline and fed basal diet), (2) LPS group (birds injected with 0.5 mg LPS/kg body weight and fed basal diet), and (3) CGA + LPS group (birds injected with LPS and fed basal diet supplemented with 1 g/kg CGA. LPS was intraperitoneally injected from day 14, and then daily for 10 days. For the high stocking density stress model, 174 birds were distributed into three experimental treatments with six replicates per treatment. The treatments were: (1) controls (birds fed basal diet and raised at a stocking density of 14 broilers per m2), (2) high-density group (birds fed with basal diet and raised at a stocking density of 22 broilers per m2), and (3) high density + CGA group (birds fed with 1 g/kg CGA and raised at a stocking density of 22 broilers per m2). Results showed that LPS injection and high stocking density significantly decreased the body weight and feed intake of broiler breeders, while CGA supplementation increased feed intake of broiler breeders under LPS injection and high stocking density stress. Moreover, LPS injection and high stocking density increased the concentration of corticosterone in serum, and CGA addition remarkably downregulated serum corticosterone levels. The GSH level decreased with LPS injection and CGA increased the GSH concentration in the intestines of immune-stressed broiler breeders. LPS injection promoted the production of circulating proinflammatory cytokines (serum IL-1β and TNF-α) by 72 h after LPS injection. Dietary supplementation with CGA prevented the increase in serum TNF-α caused by LPS. These results suggest that dietary inclusion of 1 g/kg CGA could increase the feed intake of broiler breeders and alleviate the effects of inflammatory mediator stress and exposure to high stocking density. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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10 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Feeding Thai Native Sheep Molasses Either Alone or in Combination with Urea-Fermented Sugarcane Bagasse: The Effects on Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Hematological Parameters
by Thaintip Kraiprom, Sitthisak Jantarat, Suphawadee Yaemkong, Anusorn Cherdthong and Tossaporn Incharoen
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(8), 415; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9080415 - 6 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2698
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to find out how adding molasses to fermented sugarcane bagasse (FSB) alone or in combination with urea affected sheep’s rumen fermentation, hematological parameters, and ability to digest nutrients. Four Thai native sheep with an initial body weight [...] Read more.
The purpose of this study was to find out how adding molasses to fermented sugarcane bagasse (FSB) alone or in combination with urea affected sheep’s rumen fermentation, hematological parameters, and ability to digest nutrients. Four Thai native sheep with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.87 ± 1.95 kg and 11 ± 1.0 months old were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 4 periods of 14-d adaptation and 7 d of sample collection. Each treatment received a different combination of experimental roughage as follows: FSB without additives (T1), FSB + 10% molasses (T2), FSB + 20% molasses (T3), and FSB + 10% molasses + 3% urea (T4). The concentrate diet was fed twice daily at 2% BW, while roughage sources were provided ad libitum for each treatment. The crude protein (CP) digestibility in the T2 and T3 groups was higher (p < 0.05) than in the FSB group without additions, with the T4 group having the highest (p < 0.05). Although there were no significant differences in blood glucose, packed cell volume, ruminal pH, ammonia–nitrogen (NH3-N), propionic acid, or acetic acid, the plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) at 0 h was highest in the T4 group (p < 0.05) compared with the other groups. However, the proportion of butyric acid tended to be higher in all FSB groups with additives. Thus, the current experiment concluded that the addition of molasses alone or in combination with urea had positive effects on pH and LAB population, and including both together in FSB improved the CP digestibility of sheep. In conclusion, FSB with 10% molasses and 3% urea might be used as an alternate roughage source for ruminants without affecting the animal’s ruminal fermentation or hematological parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
10 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Fermented Rubber Seed Kernel with Yeast in the Diets of Tropical Lactating Dairy Cows: Effects on Feed Intake, Hematology, Microbial Protein Synthesis, Milk Yield and Milk Composition
by Thanaporn Ouppamong, Nirawan Gunun, Chayapol Tamkhonburee, Pichad Khejornsart, Chatchai Kaewpila, Piyawit Kesorn, Thachawech Kimprasit, Anusorn Cherdthong, Metha Wanapat, Sineenart Polyorach, Suban Foiklang and Pongsatorn Gunun
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070360 - 15 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of yeast-fermented rubber seed kernels (YERSEK) on the feed intake, hematology, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows. Six crossbred Holstein Friesian (HF) × Thai lactating dairy cows [...] Read more.
The objective of the present study was to analyze the effects of yeast-fermented rubber seed kernels (YERSEK) on the feed intake, hematology, microbial protein synthesis, milk yield, and milk composition in dairy cows. Six crossbred Holstein Friesian (HF) × Thai lactating dairy cows with 110 ± 10 days in milk were randomly assigned to three different amounts of YERSEK at 0%, 10%, and 20% in a concentrate mixture using a 3 × 3 repeated Latin square design. Cows were fed with concentrate diets at a concentrate-to-milk yield ratio of 1:1.5, with rice straw fed ad libitum. The inclusion of YERSEK did not adversely affect feed intake, nutrient intake, or digestibility (p > 0.05), whereas ether extract intake and digestibility linearly increased in dairy cows receiving YERSEK (p < 0.01). Increasing YERSEK levels did not adversely affect blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels, hematological parameters, or microbial protein synthesis (p > 0.05). Supplementation of YERSEK did not influence milk production, lactose, or protein levels (p > 0.05). However, milk fat and total solids decreased linearly (p < 0.05) with the addition of YERSEK. In conclusion, in a concentrate diet, YERSEK could be used as a protein source without negative effects on feed intake, digestibility, hematology, microbial protein synthesis, or milk yield. However, it reduced the milk fat and total solids of tropical lactating dairy cows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
10 pages, 1368 KiB  
Article
Primary Broiler Hepatocytes for Establishment of a Steatosis Model
by Cai Zhang, Sudan Meng, Chenxu Li, Zijun Yang, Guoyong Wang, Xueying Wang and Yanbo Ma
Vet. Sci. 2022, 9(7), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9070316 - 24 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2306
Abstract
Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) in chickens is characterized by steatosis and bleeding in the liver, which has caused huge losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to use primary cultured broiler hepatocytes to establish a steatosis model to explore the optimal [...] Read more.
Fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) in chickens is characterized by steatosis and bleeding in the liver, which has caused huge losses to the poultry industry. This study aimed to use primary cultured broiler hepatocytes to establish a steatosis model to explore the optimal conditions for inducing steatosis by incubating the cells with a fat emulsion. Primary hepatocytes were isolated from an AA broiler by a modified two-step in situ perfusion method. Hepatocytes were divided into an untreated control group and a fat emulsion group that was incubated with 2.5, 5, 10, or 20% fat emulsion for different times to determine the optimal conditions for inducing steatosis of primary hepatocytes. Incubation of the cells with 10% fat emulsion resulted in cell viability at 48 h of 67%, which was higher than the control group and met the requirements of the model. In the second experiment, steatosis was induced by incubating hepatocytes with 10% fat emulsion for 48 h. In consequence, the apoptosis rate decreased (p > 0.05) and the concentration of ALT (p < 0.001), AST (p < 0.01), and TG (p < 0.05) increased significantly; the expression level of SREBP-1c (p < 0.05) increased, and the expression levels of PPARα (p < 0.001), CPT1 (p < 0.001), and CPT2 (p < 0.05) were lower in the fat emulsion group than in the control group. In conclusion, the induction condition was selected as 10% fat emulsion incubation for 48 h, and we successfully established a fatty liver degeneration model for broilers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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14 pages, 2589 KiB  
Article
Roles of WNT6 in Sheep Endometrial Epithelial Cell Cycle Progression and Uterine Glands Organogenesis
by Xiaoxiao Gao, Xiaolei Yao, Xiaodan Li, Yaxu Liang, Zifei Liu, Zhibo Wang, Kang Li, Yingqi Li, Guomin Zhang and Feng Wang
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(12), 316; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8120316 - 9 Dec 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3373
Abstract
The uterus, as part of the female reproductive tract, is essential for embryo survival and in the maintenance of multiple pregnancies in domestic animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of WNT6 on Hu sheep endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and uterine [...] Read more.
The uterus, as part of the female reproductive tract, is essential for embryo survival and in the maintenance of multiple pregnancies in domestic animals. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of WNT6 on Hu sheep endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and uterine glands (UGs) in Hu sheep, with high prolificacy rates. In the present study, Hu sheep with different fecundity, over three consecutive pregnancies, were divided into two groups: high prolificacy rate group (HP, litter size = 3) and low prolificacy rate group (LP, litter size = 1). A comparative analysis of the endometrial morphology was performed by immunofluorescence. RNA-seq was used to analyze the gene’s expression in endometrium of HP and LP Hu sheep, providing a candidate gene, which was investigated in EECs and organoid culture. Firstly, higher density of UGs was found in the HP Hu sheep groups (p < 0.05). The RNA-seq data revealed the importance of the WNT signaling pathway and WNT6 gene in Hu sheep endometrium. Functionally, WNT6 could promote the cell cycle progression of EECs via WNT/β-catenin signal and enhance UGs organogenesis. Taken together, WNT6 is a crucial regulator for sheep endometrial development; this finding may offer a new insight into understanding the regulatory mechanism of sheep prolificacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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6 pages, 839 KiB  
Communication
Changes in Acute-Phase Proteins in Plasma during the Periparturient Period of Dairy Goats
by Fangyuan Zeng, Bingyu Shen, Yang Yuan, Yezi Kong, Panpan Tan, Yan Huang, Yaoquan Liu, Siqi Liu, Baoyu Zhao and Jianguo Wang
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(12), 311; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8120311 - 8 Dec 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2589
Abstract
The present study was conducted regarding four acute-phase proteins (APPs) including C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (HP) in dairy goats during the periparturient period. The aim of this study was to detect the changes in APPs in [...] Read more.
The present study was conducted regarding four acute-phase proteins (APPs) including C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and haptoglobin (HP) in dairy goats during the periparturient period. The aim of this study was to detect the changes in APPs in plasma during the periparturient period of healthy dairy goats. Guanzhong dairy goats with no other symptoms (n = 15) were selected on the basis of their blood calcium (Ca) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentration. The plasma was collected once a week for ±3 weeks delivery. The concentrations of the four APPs mentioned above were determined using goat-specific ELISA kits. The results showed the CRP level in plasma decreased from 3 weeks to 1 week antepartum and increased later until 1 week postpartum and then decreased to a similar level with antepartum between 1 and 3 weeks postpartum. The content of CP showed a decline in 3 weeks before parturition and an upward trend between 1 week antepartum and 3 weeks postpartum. The SAA concentration decreased from 3 weeks antepartum to 2 weeks postpartum and rebounded later. The level of HP decreased during 3 weeks before parturition and increased until 1 week postpartum, then reached a stable value. Clear variation range and rules of APPs contribute to perinatal health monitoring of dairy goats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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8 pages, 3126 KiB  
Article
Effect of Copper, Zinc, and Selenium on the Migration of Bovine Neutrophils
by Hai Wang, Guanxin Lv, Shuai Lian, Jianfa Wang and Rui Wu
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(11), 281; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110281 - 19 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2526
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the first line of mammary gland defense against invading pathogens by transmigration across the mammary epithelial cell barrier. The effect of trace elements on the migration of bovine neutrophils is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of copper [...] Read more.
Neutrophils represent the first line of mammary gland defense against invading pathogens by transmigration across the mammary epithelial cell barrier. The effect of trace elements on the migration of bovine neutrophils is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effect of copper (Cu; 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/L), zinc (Zn; 1.0, 5.0 and 10 mg/L) and selenium (Se; 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L) on the migration of bovine neutrophils by using a Transwell assay. The results showed that Cu, Zn and Se promoted the number of neutrophils in the trans-mammary epithelium. With the increased concentration of Cu at 1.5 mg/L, the number of neutrophils in the trans-mammary epithelium was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Zn (5.0 mg/L) and Se (0.1 mg/L) increased the migrated number of neutrophils (p < 0.01) to an extremely significant degree. These findings provided a theoretical and experimental basis for mammary gland immunity in dairy cows. Thus, we suggest that adding moderate amounts of different trace elements can improve the immune function of dairy cows. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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12 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Chronic Kidney Disease and Dietary Supplementation: Effects on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
by Elisa Martello, Francesca Perondi, Natascia Bruni, Donal Bisanzio, Giorgia Meineri and Ilaria Lippi
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(11), 277; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110277 - 15 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 6254
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes an irreversible loss of kidney functioning in dogs. This double-blind case-control study evaluates the efficacy of a dietary supplement, which contains calcium carbonate, calcium lactate-gluconate, chitosan, sodium bicarbonate, Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL, Olea europaea L. extract, and fructooligosaccharides, in [...] Read more.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes an irreversible loss of kidney functioning in dogs. This double-blind case-control study evaluates the efficacy of a dietary supplement, which contains calcium carbonate, calcium lactate-gluconate, chitosan, sodium bicarbonate, Lactobacillus acidophilus D2/CSL, Olea europaea L. extract, and fructooligosaccharides, in dogs in advanced CKD stage. Thirty dogs were enrolled in the study; half were administered the new dietary supplementation for 90 days, while the others were used as controls. Hematologic, biochemical, and urinalysis were performed. This novel dietary supplement mainly reported a good control of uremia, phosphate, acid-base balance, blood pressure, inflammation, and oxidative stress in dogs with advanced stages of CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
21 pages, 5267 KiB  
Article
Protective and Therapeutic Effects of Orlistat on Metabolic Syndrome and Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) in Rats: Role on Nrf2 Activation
by Zaida Zakaria, Zaidatul Akmal Othman, Joseph Bagi Suleiman, Nur Asyilla Che Jalil, Wan Syaheedah Wan Ghazali and Mahaneem Mohamed
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(11), 274; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8110274 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4316
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an excessive buildup of liver lipids closely associated with various kinds of undesirable metabolic effects and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress parameters [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is an excessive buildup of liver lipids closely associated with various kinds of undesirable metabolic effects and oxidative stress. We aimed to investigate the protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress parameters in high-fat diet (HFD) induced-MAFLD rats. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 6/group), i.e., Normal control (N), HFD, HFD + orlistat (HFD + O) (10 mg/kg/day administered concomitantly for 12 weeks as a protective model), and obese+orlistat (OB + O) (10 mg/kg/day administered 6 weeks after induction of obesity as a therapeutic model) groups. After 12 weeks, the HFD group had significantly increased Lee obesity index, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein levels, liver total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, insulin resistance and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) together with decreased serum high-density lipoprotein level. Additionally, the HFD group also showed increased Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus with high Keap1 expression and increased liver oxidative stress parameters. Orlistat significantly improved all these alterations in HFD rats. We demonstrated that orlistat might have protective and therapeutic effects against HFD-induced MAFLD rats by its activation on Nrf2 signaling pathway, which subsequently improved metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress parameters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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9 pages, 1066 KiB  
Article
Sirtuin 3 Restores Synthesis and Secretion of Very Low-Density Lipoproteins in Cow Hepatocytes Challenged with Nonesterified Fatty Acids In Vitro
by Dongmei Xing, Baogen Wang, Hong Lu, Tao Peng, Jianming Su, Hongyu Lei, Jianhua He, Yingfang Zhou and Lei Liu
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(7), 121; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8070121 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3509
Abstract
Fatty liver is closely associated with elevated concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and a low level of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in blood of dairy cows. High NEFA inhibit the VLDL synthesis and assembly, and cause hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) deposition. Sirtuin 3 [...] Read more.
Fatty liver is closely associated with elevated concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and a low level of very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) in blood of dairy cows. High NEFA inhibit the VLDL synthesis and assembly, and cause hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) deposition. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, antagonizes NEFA-induced TAG accumulation through modulating expressions of fatty acid synthesis and oxidation genes in cow hepatocytes. However, the role of SIRT3 in the VLDL synthesis and assembly was largely unknown. Here we aimed to test whether SIRT3 would recover the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes induced by high NEFA. Primary cow hepatocytes were isolated from 3 Holstein cows. Hepatocytes were infected with SIRT3 overexpression adenovirus (Ad-SIRT3), SIRT3-short interfering (si) RNA, or first infected with Ad-SIRT3 and then incubated with 1.0 mM NEFA (Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA). Expressions of key genes in VLDL synthesis and the VLDL contents in cell culture supernatants were measured. SIRT3 overexpression significantly increased the mRNA abundance of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP), apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) and ApoE (p < 0.01), and raised VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). However, SIRT3 silencing displayed a reverse effect in comparison to SIRT3 overexpression. Compared with NEFA treatment alone, the Ad-SIRT3 + NEFA significantly upregulated the mRNA abundance of MTP, ApoB100 and ApoE (p < 0.01), and increased VLDL contents in the supernatants (p < 0.01). Our data demonstrated that SIRT3 restored the synthesis and assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes challenged with NEFA, providing an in vitro basis for further investigations testing its feasibility against hepatic TAG accumulation in dairy cows during the perinatal period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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7 pages, 958 KiB  
Communication
Surrogate Indexes of Insulin Resistance in Dairy Goats: Transitional Variation in Subclinical Hyperketonemia
by Siqi Liu, Yezi Kong, Jing Wen, Yan Huang, Yaoquan Liu, Xiaoyan Zhu, Baoyu Zhao, Binyun Cao and Jianguo Wang
Vet. Sci. 2021, 8(6), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci8060102 - 6 Jun 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3884
Abstract
Background: Dairy goats are highly susceptible to subclinical hyperketonemia (SCHK) during the transition period. This study aimed to compare the variation in metabolic parameters and surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (sIR) between goats with SCHK and clinically healthy (HEAL) goats during the transition [...] Read more.
Background: Dairy goats are highly susceptible to subclinical hyperketonemia (SCHK) during the transition period. This study aimed to compare the variation in metabolic parameters and surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (sIR) between goats with SCHK and clinically healthy (HEAL) goats during the transition period. Methods: Twenty Guanzhong dairy goats were assorted to HEAL (n = 10) and SCHK (n = 10) groups according to the blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations. The blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of each goat at −3, −2, −1, 0 (partum), +1, +2, and +3 weeks relative to kidding to analyses GLU and INS. The sIR was calculated from blood metabolic parameters. Results: Compared with the HEAL goats, the insulin concentrations were significantly higher in SCHK goats during the first three weeks postpartum. The QUICKI, revised QUICKI (RQUICKI), and RQUICKIBHBA were significantly lower in goats with SCHK at 1 week postpartum, while the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) was significantly higher. Conclusion: Goats with SCHK made more efforts through elevated insulin levels at early lactation than HEAL goats, thereby maintaining the normal glucose concentrations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Animal Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases)
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