Nutrients

16 pages, 3803 KiB

Open AccessArticle

RETRACTED: Myogenesis Effects of RGX365 to Improve Skeletal Muscle Atrophy

by Hye-Jin Lee, Hui-Ji Choi, Sang-Ah Lee, Dong Hyuk Baek, Jong Beom Heo, Gyu Yong Song and Wonhwa Lee

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4307; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194307 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2301 | Retraction

Abstract

Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness not only reduce the quality of life of those afflicted, but also worsen the prognosis of underlying diseases. We evaluated the effect of RGX365, a protopanaxatriol-type rare ginsenoside mixture, on improving skeletal muscle atrophy. We investigated the [...] Read more.

Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy and weakness not only reduce the quality of life of those afflicted, but also worsen the prognosis of underlying diseases. We evaluated the effect of RGX365, a protopanaxatriol-type rare ginsenoside mixture, on improving skeletal muscle atrophy. We investigated the myogenic effect of RGX365 on mouse myoblast cells (C2C12) and dexamethasone (10 µM)-induced atrophy of differentiated C2C12. RGX365-treated myotube diameters and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression levels were analyzed using immunofluorescence. We evaluated the myogenic effects of RGX365 in aging sarcopenic mice. RGX365 increased myoblast differentiation and MyHC expression, and attenuated the muscle atrophy-inducing F-box (Atrogin-1) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) expression. Notably, one month of oral administration of RGX365 to 23-month-old sarcopenic mice improved muscle fiber size and the expression of skeletal muscle regeneration-associated molecules. In conclusion, rare ginsenosides, agonists of steroid receptors, can ameliorate skeletal muscle atrophy during long-term administration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Benefits of Natural Products for Disease Treatments)

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12 pages, 312 KiB

Open AccessReview

Alterations in Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Girls with Central Early or Precocious Puberty

by Galateia Stathori, Anastasia-Maria Tzounakou, George Mastorakos, Nikolaos F. Vlahos, Evangelia Charmandari and Georgios Valsamakis

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4306; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194306 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2329

Abstract

The prevalence of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls has increased worldwide and is often associated with obesity in childhood as well as high fat/high glycemic index diets. Evidence suggests that subjects with obesity present with alterations in appetite-regulating hormones. The arcuate and [...] Read more.

The prevalence of central precocious puberty (CPP) in girls has increased worldwide and is often associated with obesity in childhood as well as high fat/high glycemic index diets. Evidence suggests that subjects with obesity present with alterations in appetite-regulating hormones. The arcuate and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus are the centers of action of appetite hormones, as well as the location of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, the activation of which results in the onset of puberty. This anatomical proximity raises the question of possible alterations in appetite-regulating hormones in patients with CPP. Furthermore, diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation constitutes a probable mechanism of the pathophysiology of CPP, as well as alterations in appetite-regulating hormones in young children. In this article, we summarize the evidence investigating whether girls with CPP present with alterations in appetite-regulating hormones. We present evidence that leptin concentrations are elevated in girls with CPP, ghrelin concentrations are lower in girls with CPP, nesfatin-1 and orexin-A concentrations are elevated among girls with premature thelarche, and insulin concentrations are increased in girls with early menarche. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)

11 pages, 754 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preliminary Study: The Effectiveness of Nutrition Education Intervention Targeting Short-Statured Pregnant Women to Prevent Gestational Stunting

by Zuriati Muhamad, Trias Mahmudiono, Chrysoprase Thasya Abihail, Nur Sahila, Martina Puspa Wangi, Bagong Suyanto and Nurul Ashikin Binti Abdullah

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4305; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194305 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2305

Abstract

A short mother with a height < 150 cm is likely to give birth to a short baby with a body length < 48 cm so that later this short baby will become stunted. The success rate of stunting malnutrition prevention and control [...] Read more.

A short mother with a height < 150 cm is likely to give birth to a short baby with a body length < 48 cm so that later this short baby will become stunted. The success rate of stunting malnutrition prevention and control with specific methods is 30% and the success rate with sensitive methods is 70%. The size at risk for short pregnant women is equal to 30.5%. A major effort to improve the health status of short pregnant women and prevent stunting is to empower short pregnant women with the help of health professionals. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of providing nutrition education to pregnant women who have short stature to prevent gestational stunting. This study used a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design in the intervention group and the control group. Research results showed that there are differences in the knowledge, attitudes, and actions of pregnant women about prenatal care services before and after the intervention, as well as knowledge of pregnant women about nutrition before and after intervention. The support of the cadres had a great influence on the intervention group compared with the control group, which received only one module. Pregnant women’s knowledge of nutritional diets and pregnant women’s knowledge of antenatal care (ANC) services directly influence the delivery timing. Interventions to improve the health status of short pregnant women and prevent stunting neonates can be improved by improving the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of short pregnant women about antenatal care, and knowledge of pregnant women about nutritional intake. The Short Pregnancy Medical Framework Support Model was developed for use in providing support to short pregnant women to prevent infant stunting. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)

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15 pages, 1595 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Changes in the Sodium Content in Branded Foods in the Slovenian Food Supply (2011–2020)

by Sanja Krušič, Hristo Hristov, Maša Hribar, Živa Lavriša, Katja Žmitek and Igor Pravst

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4304; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194304 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1464

Abstract

High sodium intake is the leading diet-related risk factor for mortality globally. Many countries have introduced policies to support the reformulation of foods and to reduce sodium intake, mainly on a voluntary basis, but there are limited data available about the long-term efficiency [...] Read more.

High sodium intake is the leading diet-related risk factor for mortality globally. Many countries have introduced policies to support the reformulation of foods and to reduce sodium intake, mainly on a voluntary basis, but there are limited data available about the long-term efficiency of such measures. Slovenia implemented salt reduction policies for the period of 2010–2020; these policies also included the voluntary reformulation of foods with the lowering of sodium content. This study’s aim was to explore the nationally representative branded food datasets collected in the years 2011, 2015, 2017, and 2020 to investigate the changes in the sodium content in prepacked branded foods. The study was conducted with datasets collected from food labels using standard food monitoring studies and included all the major retailers. Differences in market shares were adjusted by sales weighting, which was conducted using the yearly sales data provided by the major retailers. The food categories with a major contribution to the overall sales of sodium in prepacked branded foods were processed meat and derivatives (19.0%), canned vegetables (7.1%), water (6.7%), bread (7.2%), and cheese (6.3%). Considering the available food products, a notable decreasing sodium content trend was observed in biscuits, breakfast cereals, pizza, and spreads. Year-to-year differences were much less expressed after the correction for market share differences, and neutral trends were most frequently highlighted. This indicates that sodium was less frequently reduced in market-leading products. The study results revealed that very limited progress in sodium food reformulation was achieved in the 10-year period, indicating the need for more efficient policy approaches. The study demonstrated the importance of the systematic monitoring of the food supply for the evaluation of food policies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Reducing Dietary Sodium and Improving Human Health 2.0)

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13 pages, 507 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Folic Acid Supplementation during Pregnancy and Its Association with Telomere Length in Children at Four Years: Results from the INMA Birth Cohort Study

by Fanny Petermann-Rocha, Desirée Valera-Gran, Daniel Prieto-Botella, Dries S Martens, Sandra Gonzalez-Palacios, Isolina Riaño-Galán, Mario Murcia, Amaia Irizar, Jordi Julvez, Loreto Santa-Marina, Adonina Tardón, Jordi Sunyer, Jesús Vioque, Tim Nawrot and Eva-María Navarrete-Muñoz

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4303; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194303 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1950

Abstract

This study examined the association between folic acid supplements (FAs) during different periods of pregnancy and offspring telomere length (TL) at age four in 666 children from the INMA study. FAs were self-reported using food-structured questionnaires during three periods of pregnancy (the first [...] Read more.

This study examined the association between folic acid supplements (FAs) during different periods of pregnancy and offspring telomere length (TL) at age four in 666 children from the INMA study. FAs were self-reported using food-structured questionnaires during three periods of pregnancy (the first three months of pregnancy, from month fourth onward, and the whole pregnancy). For each period, the average daily dosage of FAs was categorised into (i) <400 μg/d, (ii) ≥400 to 999 μg/d, (iii) ≥1000 to 4999 μg/d, and (iv) ≥5000 μg/d. Leucocyte TL at age four was measured using quantitative PCR methods. Multiple robust linear log-level regression models were used to report the % difference among FA categories. During the first period, and compared with children whose mothers were classified in the reference group (<400 μg/d), children whose mothers took higher dosages of FAs showed shorter TL at age four (≥5000 μg/d). When the first and the second periods were mutually adjusted, children whose mothers self-reported ≥5000 μg/d during the first period of pregnancy had a statistically significant shorter TL than their counterparts (% difference: −7.28% [95% CI: −14.42 to −0.13]). Similar trends were observed for the whole period of pregnancy. When the analysis was stratified by sex, the association was more evident in boys (% difference: −13.5% [95% CI: −23.0 to −4.04]), whereas no association was observed in girls. This study suggests that high dosages of FAs in the first pregnancy period may be associated with a shorter TL in children at age four, particularly among boys. Further studies should confirm these results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Influence of Antenatal Nutrition on the Outcome of Pregnancy)

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13 pages, 2875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Osteoporotic Potential of Water Extract of Anethum graveolens L. Seeds

by Seon-A Jang, Sung-Ju Lee, Youn-Hwan Hwang and Hyunil Ha

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4302; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194302 - 9 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1394

Abstract

Anethum graveolens L., known as European dill, is a versatile herb widely used in both traditional medicine and culinary practices. Despite its long-standing history, the potential impact of the water extract of A. graveolens seeds (WEAG) on bone health remains unexplored. In this [...] Read more.

Anethum graveolens L., known as European dill, is a versatile herb widely used in both traditional medicine and culinary practices. Despite its long-standing history, the potential impact of the water extract of A. graveolens seeds (WEAG) on bone health remains unexplored. In this study, we investigated the influence of WEAG on osteoclast differentiation and assessed its potential as an anti-osteoporotic agent. WEAG hindered osteoclast differentiation through the suppression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) expression in osteoclast-supporting cells and by directly targeting osteoclast precursor cells. WEAG significantly reduced the expression of key osteoclastogenic transcription factors, namely c-Fos and NFATc1, typically induced by RANKL in osteoclast precursors. This reduction was attributed to the suppression of both MAPKs and NF-κB pathways in response to RANKL. In vivo experiments further revealed that WEAG administration effectively reduces trabecular bone loss and weight gain triggered by ovariectomy, mimicking postmenopausal osteoporosis. Furthermore, our comprehensive phytochemical analysis of WEAG identified a range of phytochemical constituents, associated with bone health and weight regulation. Notably, we discovered a specific compound, isorhamnetin-3-O-glucuronide, within WEAG that exhibits anti-osteoclastogenic potential. Overall, this research elucidated the beneficial effects and mechanistic basis of WEAG on osteoclast differentiation and bone loss, indicating its potential as a viable alternative to address bone loss in conditions like postmenopause. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutritional Supplements for Bone Health)

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13 pages, 500 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development and Validation of a Perceived Community Food Accessibility Measurement Questionnaire for Korean Older Adults

by Jisoo Hong, Narae Yang and Kirang Kim

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4301; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194301 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1325

Abstract

As the community food environment is known to be an important factor in healthy food choices, it needs to be measured, to increase awareness and improve healthy eating. The objective of this study was to develop a perceived community food accessibility measurement (P-CFAM) [...] Read more.

As the community food environment is known to be an important factor in healthy food choices, it needs to be measured, to increase awareness and improve healthy eating. The objective of this study was to develop a perceived community food accessibility measurement (P-CFAM) questionnaire applicable to older adults in Korea and evaluate its reliability and validity. The questionnaire was developed based on community food environment factors that were found to affect food choices in previous studies. We evaluated the internal consistency reliability, construct validity, and criterion-related validity. The subjects were 188 older adults for validity. The Cronbach’s alpha value for the reliability measure was 0.9. The confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the construct validity of the questionnaire showed values close to those of the optimal model (GFI = 0.983, AGFI = 0.948, RMR = 0.004, NFI = 0.987, CFI = 0.996). Regarding the criterion-related validity, the P-CFAM questionnaire results were significantly related to objective measurement indicators such as the number of grocery stores, the travel time to a grocery store, and the intake of vegetables and fruit. In conclusion, the developed P-CFAM questionnaire was shown to be reliable and valid, and useful for assessing older adults’ perceptions of community food accessibility in Korea. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Influence of Dietary Patterns on Health and Rehabilitation in Older Adults)

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3 pages, 214 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Morphofunctional Nutritional Assessment in Clinical Practice: A New Approach to Assessing Nutritional Status

by Daniel-Antonio de Luis Roman and Juan José Lopez Gomez

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4300; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194300 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1638

Abstract

This Special Issue of Nutrients titled “Morphofunctional Nutritional Assessment in Clinical Practice” is oriented to the diagnosis of disease-related malnutrition (DRM) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Morphofunctional Nutritional Assessment in Clinical Practice)

12 pages, 744 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Serum Magnesium Is Associated with Long-Term Survival of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients

by Amitai Segev, Michael Shechter, Avishai M. Tsur, David Belkin, Hofit Cohen, Amir Sharon, Nira Koren Morag, Ehud Grossman and Elad Maor

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4299; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194299 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1919

Abstract

Background: Low serum magnesium (sMg) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between sMg levels on admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to [...] Read more.

Background: Low serum magnesium (sMg) is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerotic disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between sMg levels on admission and clinical outcomes in hospitalized non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients admitted to a single tertiary center with a primary diagnosis of NSTEMI. Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease were excluded. Clinical data were collected and compared between lower sMg quartile patients (Q1; sMg < 1.9 mg/dL) and all other patients (Q2–Q4; sMg ≥ 1.9 mg/dL). Results: The study cohort included 4552 patients (70% male, median age 69 [IQR 59–79]) who were followed for a median of 4.4 (IQR 2.4–6.6) years. The median sMg level in the low sMg group was 1.7 (1.6–1.8) and 2.0 (2.0–2.2) mg/dL in the normal/high sMg group. The low sMg group was older (mean of 72 vs. 67 years), less likely to be male (64% vs. 72%), and had higher rates of comorbidities, including diabetes, hypertension, and atrial fibrillation (59% vs. 29%, 92% vs. 85%, and 6% vs. 5%; p < 0.05 for all). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher cumulative death probability at 4 years in the low sMg group (34% vs. 22%; p log rank <0.001). In a multivariable analysis model adjusted for sex, significant comorbidities, coronary interventions during the hospitalization, and renal function, the low sMg group exhibited an independent 24% increased risk of death during follow up (95% CI 1.11–1.39; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low sMg is independently associated with higher risk of long-term mortality among patients recovering from an NSTEMI event. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Magnesium Homeostasis and Magnesium Transporters in Human Health)

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16 pages, 4783 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diet Is Associated with Frailty in Lung Cancer: A Possible Role of Gut Microbiota

by Ziyuan Li, Lei Qian, Jianghui Chu, Yuan Liu, Gusonghan Maitiniyazi, Yue Chen, Xinxin Cheng, Jianyun He, Lan Cheng, Minmin Ou, Jun Wang and Shufang Xia

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4298; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194298 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2101

Abstract

This study investigated the associations between diet and frailty in lung cancer patients and the potential role of the gut microbiota involved. We assessed dietary intake and frailty status in 231 lung cancer patients by 3-day, 24-h dietary recalls and Fried frailty criteria, [...] Read more.

This study investigated the associations between diet and frailty in lung cancer patients and the potential role of the gut microbiota involved. We assessed dietary intake and frailty status in 231 lung cancer patients by 3-day, 24-h dietary recalls and Fried frailty criteria, respectively, and collected 50 fecal samples for next-generation sequencing. A total of 75 (32.5%) patients were frail, which might be related to significantly lower intake of energy, protein, carbohydrate, dietary fiber, niacin, leucine, some minerals, and a poorer dietary quality as indicated by the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (p < 0.05). Among these, carbohydrate (OR = 0.98; 95% CI 0.96–0.99; p = 0.010), calcium (OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.99–1.00; p = 0.025), and selenium (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.00–1.06; p = 0.022) were all significantly associated with frailty. A multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the mean risk of frailty was 0.94 times lower (95% CI 0.90–0.99; p = 0.009) among participants with higher CHEI scores. Additionally, the frail patients demonstrated significantly lower gut microbiota β diversity (p = 0.001) and higher relative abundance of Actinobacteriota (p = 0.033). Frailty in lung cancer patients might be associated with insufficient nutrients intake and a poor dietary quality through gut microbiota regulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Nutrition)

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17 pages, 2993 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comprehensive Insights into Biological Roles of Rosmarinic Acid: Implications in Diabetes, Cancer and Neurodegenerative Diseases

by Md. Khabeer Azhar, Saleha Anwar, Gulam Mustafa Hasan, Anas Shamsi, Asimul Islam, Suhel Parvez and Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4297; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194297 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3512

Abstract

Phytochemicals are abundantly occurring natural compounds extracted from plant sources. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an abundant phytochemical of Lamiaceae species with various therapeutic implications for human health. In recent years, natural compounds have gained significant attention as adjuvant and complementary therapies to existing [...] Read more.

Phytochemicals are abundantly occurring natural compounds extracted from plant sources. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is an abundant phytochemical of Lamiaceae species with various therapeutic implications for human health. In recent years, natural compounds have gained significant attention as adjuvant and complementary therapies to existing medications for various diseases. RA has gained popularity due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties and its roles in various life-threatening conditions, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes, etc. The present review aims to offer a comprehensive insight into the multifaceted therapeutic properties of RA, including its potential as an anticancer agent, neuroprotective effects, and antidiabetic potential. Based on the available evidences, RA could be considered a potential dietary component for treating various diseases, including cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols: Exploring the Potential Health Benefits and Beyond)

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9 pages, 544 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Preeclampsia and Its Impact on Human Milk Activin A Concentration

by Alessandra Coscia, Lorenzo Riboldi, Elena Spada, Enrico Bertino, Stefano Sottemano, Ignazio Barbagallo, Giovanni Livolti, Fabio Galvano, Diego Gazzolo and Chiara Peila

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4296; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194296 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1522

Abstract

Background: It is known that preeclampsia affects lactogenesis. However, data on the effects of this pathology on human milk neurobiomarker composition are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of this gestational pathology on activin A levels, a [...] Read more.

Background: It is known that preeclampsia affects lactogenesis. However, data on the effects of this pathology on human milk neurobiomarker composition are not available. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of this gestational pathology on activin A levels, a neurobiomarker known to play an important role in the development and protection of the central nervous system. Methods: The women recruited were divided in two different study groups: preeclamptic or normotensive women. All the human milk samples were collected using the same procedure. Activin A was quantified using an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. To investigate the effect of preeclampsia on the activin A concentration in the three lactation phases, a mixed linear model with a unistructural covariance structure, with the mother as the random effect, and fixed effects were performed. Results: Activin A was detected in all samples. There were no significant differences between preeclamptic and normotensive women. The only significant effect is related to the lactation phase: the difference between colostrum and mature milk (p < 0.01) was significant. In conclusion, these results allow us to affirm that breast milk’s beneficial properties are maintained even if preeclampsia occurs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Milk Composition and Children Nutrition: Latest Advances and Prospects)

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7 pages, 482 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Dietary Guidance for Cardiovascular Health: Consensus and Controversies

by Panagiota Pietri

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4295; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194295 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2105

Abstract

Healthy diet, regular exercise and smoking cessation comprise the ‘golden triad’ of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Guidance for Cardiovascular Health)

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20 pages, 7905 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Unraveling the Therapeutic Mechanism of Saussurea involucrata against Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Network Pharmacology and Molecular Modeling-Based Investigation

by Jinghua Chen, Xiaoke Wu and Ruitao Yu

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4294; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194294 - 9 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2378

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a global prevalence of approximately 0.46%, causing significant impairments in patients’ quality of life and an economic burden. Saussurea involucrata (SI) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat RA, but its underlying [...] Read more.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a global prevalence of approximately 0.46%, causing significant impairments in patients’ quality of life and an economic burden. Saussurea involucrata (SI) has long been used in traditional medicine to treat RA, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study utilized network pharmacology and molecular docking to explore the potential pharmacological effects of bioactive compounds in SI on RA. A total of 27 active compounds were identified, along with 665 corresponding targets. Additionally, 593 disease-related targets were obtained from multiple databases, with 119 common targets shared with SI. The high-ranking targets mainly belong to the MAPK family and NF-κB pathway, including MAPK14, MAPK1, RELA, TNF, and MAPK8, all of which are associated with inflammation and joint destruction in RA. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed significant pathways related to IL-17 signaling, Th17 cell differentiation, and osteoclast differentiation. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations demonstrated strong interactions between several flavonoids and RA-related targets. Xuelianlactone, Involucratin, and Flazin exhibit outstanding binding efficacy with targets such as MAPK1, MAPK8, and TNF. These findings provide valuable insights into the therapeutic potential of SI for RA and offer directions for further drug development. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Discovery of Bioactive Compounds from Natural Organisms and Their Molecular Mechanisms against Diseases)

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6 pages, 248 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

The Role of Healthy Diet and Lifestyle in Centenarians

by Eduardo J. Simoes and Luiz R. Ramos

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4293; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194293 - 8 Oct 2023

Viewed by 6005

Abstract

Life expectancy at birth (hereafter, life expectancy) and longevity are established indicators of population health [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Healthy Diet and Lifestyles in Old Age)

17 pages, 3071 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Albumin-Related Nutrition Biomarker Predicts Breast Cancer Prognosis in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Two-Center Cohort Study

by Meng-Di Wang, Fang-Fang Duan, Xin Hua, Lu Cao, Wen Xia and Jia-Yi Chen

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4292; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194292 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2005

Abstract

Background: Recently, there has been a growing focus on the prognostic significance of nutrition-related biomarkers. We attempted to explore the association between a novel albumin-related nutrition marker called “lymphocyte × albumin (LA)” and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy [...] Read more.

Background: Recently, there has been a growing focus on the prognostic significance of nutrition-related biomarkers. We attempted to explore the association between a novel albumin-related nutrition marker called “lymphocyte × albumin (LA)” and disease-free survival (DFS) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Methods: In total, 711 non-metastatic breast cancer patients who underwent NAC at two medical centers were retrospectively analyzed. We performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis as well as multivariate Cox regression analyses to identify the variables associated with DFS and to establish a predictive nomogram. Results: The nomogram incorporated four variables based on the multivariate analysis of DFS in the training cohort: LA, ypN stage, ypT stage, and hormone receptor status. In comparison with the traditional TNM staging system, the nomogram demonstrated superior discrimination, calibration ability, and clinical usefulness in both the training set and internal and external validation sets. Furthermore, patients stratified into different risk groups resulted in significant differences in DFS. Conclusions: LA is an independent prognostic biomarker, and LA-based prognostic nomogram offers a more precise assessment of DFS for breast cancer patients treated with NAC, potentially serving as a valuable tool for personalized prognostic predictions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition Methodology & Assessment)

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18 pages, 1128 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Beneficial Effects of Oral Nutrition Supplements on the Nutritional Status and Physical Performance of Older Nursing Home Residents at Risk of Malnutrition

by Yi-Hsiu Chen, Che-Yu Lee, Jiun-Rong Chen, Min-Yu Ding, Feng-Qi Liang and Suh-Ching Yang

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4291; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194291 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3060

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of nutritional supplement drinks (NSDs) and nutritional education (NE) on the nutritional status and physical performance of older nursing home residents who were at risk of malnutrition. This study was a clustered, randomized, [...] Read more.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of nutritional supplement drinks (NSDs) and nutritional education (NE) on the nutritional status and physical performance of older nursing home residents who were at risk of malnutrition. This study was a clustered, randomized, parallel, multi-center clinical trial, with 107 participants more than 65 years old and at risk of malnutrition recruited from several nursing homes in this study. Participants were divided into two groups: an NE group (n = 50) and an NSD group (n = 57). The NE group was given NE by a dietitian, while the NSD group was provided with two packs of NSD except receiving NE (Mei Balance, Meiji Holdings, Tokyo, Japan) per day as a snack between meals and before bed. Anthropometric data, blood pressure, nutritional status, blood biochemical biomarkers, and physical performance were measured before and after 12-week interventions. After 12 weeks of NE combined with NSD intervention, body weight, body-mass index, the mini nutritional assessment-short form (MNA-SF) score, walking speed, and SF-36 questionnaire score were improved in older nursing home residents at risk of malnutrition. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Management and Nutritional Health for Age-Related Diseases)

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18 pages, 4168 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Prognostic Value of the Prognostic Nutritional Index in Patients with Advanced or Metastatic Gastric Cancer Treated with Immunotherapy

by Yuting Pan, Yue Ma and Guanghai Dai

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4290; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194290 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2004

Abstract

In recent years, the therapeutic effect of monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer has been confirmed in many studies. The exploration and discovery of new biomarker combinations based [...] Read more.

In recent years, the therapeutic effect of monoclonal antibodies against programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer has been confirmed in many studies. The exploration and discovery of new biomarker combinations based on tumor characteristics and tumor microenvironment help screen superior patients and realize precise immunotherapy. As an evaluation index of immunonutritional status, the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is low cost, simple and easy to obtain, and effective in determining the prognosis of tumor patients. We selected 268 consecutive AGC patients who were treated with ICI therapy from December 2014 to May 2021. We measured their pretreatment of the PNI levels and performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses of progression-free survival (PFS) or overall survival (OS) after ICI therapy. The low pretreatment PNI level of AGC patients was significantly correlated with shorter PFS (p < 0.001) and OS (p < 0.001) after ICI treatment. In univariate and multivariate analyses of the associations between PNI and OS or PFS, PNI is an independent prognostic factor for PFS (HR = 1.511; 95%CI 1.154–1.977; p = 0.003) and OS (HR = 1.431; 95%CI 1.049–1.951; p = 0.024), respectively. Notably, decreased PNI during treatment with ICIs was associated with early relapse and death. Pretreatment with PNI might help to identify AGC patients who will obtain a survival benefit from ICI therapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Immunology)

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19 pages, 1156 KiB

Open AccessReview

Medical and Psychological Aspects of Pregnancy in Women with Obesity and after Bariatric Surgery

by Monika Bąk-Sosnowska and Beata Naworska

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4289; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194289 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2863

Abstract

Chronic diseases are potential risk factors for pregnancy duration and neonatal outcomes. This narrative review aimed to summarize the research results on the specifics of pregnancy in women with obesity and after bariatric surgery. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. Systematic reviews, [...] Read more.

Chronic diseases are potential risk factors for pregnancy duration and neonatal outcomes. This narrative review aimed to summarize the research results on the specifics of pregnancy in women with obesity and after bariatric surgery. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched. Systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and references to identified articles from the last ten years (2013–2023) were included. Ultimately, 107 literature items were qualified. It has been shown that women with obesity planning pregnancy should reduce their body weight because obesity is a risk factor for adverse obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Bariatric surgery effectively reduces excessive body weight and the health risks in women with obesity during pregnancy and their offspring. However, at least a year interval between surgery and conception is recommended. An interdisciplinary medical team should provide patient care during pregnancy with knowledge and skills related to people after bariatric surgery. Due to the increased risk of mental disorders, especially depression, it is necessary to constantly monitor the mental state of women and provide psychological support and education on a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet and Lifestyle Management of Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery)

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28 pages, 1843 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Relevance of Serum Levels and Functional Genetic Variants in Vitamin D Receptor Gene among Saudi Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

by Imran Ali Khan, Maysoon Abdulhadi Alhaizan, Salwa Mohamed Neyazi, Malak Mohammed Al-Hakeem and Amal F. Alshammary

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4288; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194288 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2205

Abstract

Background: This study explored the association between ApaI–TaqI Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Saudi women, along with the serum levels of vitamin D. Methods: Ninety women with [...] Read more.

Background: This study explored the association between ApaI–TaqI Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in a Vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Saudi women, along with the serum levels of vitamin D. Methods: Ninety women with GDM and 90 non-GDM women were enrolled, based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria for pregnant women enrolled in a single-center study. Blood samples were retrieved from 180 pregnant women using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes. Serum samples were used to measure the vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D or calcidiol), and lipid profiles. Blood was used to measure the hemoglobin A1c levels and to isolate the DNA. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed for the ApaI (rs79785232), BsmI (rs1544410), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236) SNPs in the VDR gene using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Validation was performed using Sanger sequencing. Statistical analyses were performed between the patients with and without GDM using various statistical software packages. Results: The Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium analysis was statistically significant (p > 0.05). The ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI SNPs were associated with alleles, genotypes, and different genetic models (p < 0.05). Vitamin D levels were associated with deficient levels (p = 0.0002), as well as with a normal and overweight body mass index (p = 0.0004). When vitamin D levels were measured with GDM covariates, the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.0001), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG) (p < 0.0001), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-1 h (p = 0.005), high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) (p = 0.001) levels were significantly different. When similar vitamin D levels were measured for each genotype, we confirmed that the ApaI SNP was associated with sufficient levels (p < 0.0001), whereas the BsmI, FokI, and TaqI (p < 0.05) were associated with insufficient levels. The logistic regression model confirmed that the first hour of the OGTT (p = 0.005) was strongly associated with GDM, whereas the analysis of variance confirmed that FPG and PPBG (p < 0.05) were strongly associated with all the SNPs evaluated in the VDR gene. Additionally, the second hour of the OGTT (p = 0.048) and LDLc (p = 0.049) were associated with the ApaI and FokI SNP. Moreover, the first hour OGTT (p = 0.045) and lipid profile parameters (p < 0.05) were associated. Haplotype analysis revealed positive associations among the examined SNPs, which seemed compatible with the hypothesis that variants and combinations of multiple SNP genotypes enhance the risk of GDM in women. Haplotype analysis revealed that different combinations of alleles, such as AGCC, CATT, CGTC, AGTC, and CATT (p < 0.05), were strongly associated. The linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed a strong association with all combinations (p < 0.05). Among the gene–gene interactions, all possible combinations showed a positive association (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Low vitamin D levels were observed in women with GDM. The ApaI, BsmI, and TaqI SNPs were associated with genotype and allele frequencies (p < 0.05). Vitamin D and the SNPs in the VDR gene were associated, according to the ANOVA, logistic regression, haplotype analysis, LD analysis, and the generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction model (p < 0.05). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Vitamin D in Chronic Diseases)

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15 pages, 1056 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Crowdsourced Food Image Data for Assessing Restaurant Nutrition Environment: A Validation Study

by Weixuan Lyu, Nina Seok, Xiang Chen and Ran Xu

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4287; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194287 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1625

Abstract

Crowdsourced online food images, when combined with food image recognition technologies, have the potential to offer a cost-effective and scalable solution for the assessment of the restaurant nutrition environment. While previous research has explored this approach and validated the accuracy of food image [...] Read more.

Crowdsourced online food images, when combined with food image recognition technologies, have the potential to offer a cost-effective and scalable solution for the assessment of the restaurant nutrition environment. While previous research has explored this approach and validated the accuracy of food image recognition technologies, much remains unknown about the validity of crowdsourced food images as the primary data source for large-scale assessments. In this paper, we collect data from multiple sources and comprehensively examine the validity of using crowdsourced food images for assessing the restaurant nutrition environment in the Greater Hartford region. Our results indicate that while crowdsourced food images are useful in terms of the initial assessment of restaurant nutrition quality and the identification of popular food items, they are subject to selection bias on multiple levels and do not fully represent the restaurant nutrition quality or customers’ dietary behaviors. If employed, the food image data must be supplemented with alternative data sources, such as field surveys, store audits, and commercial data, to offer a more representative assessment of the restaurant nutrition environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Food Literacy, Tailored Nutrition Education and Food Environment)

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5 pages, 228 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health

by Christopher Papandreou

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4286; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194286 - 8 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1683

Abstract

The field of metabolomics and related “omics” techniques allows for the identification of a vast array of molecules within biospecimens [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Metabolites, and Human Health)

2 pages, 182 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Artificial Intelligence Applications to Public Health Nutrition

by Ruopeng An and Xiaoxin Wang

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4285; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194285 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3162

Abstract

Public health nutrition occupies a paramount position in the overarching domains of health promotion and disease prevention, setting itself apart from nutritional investigations concentrated at the individual level [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence Applications to Public Health Nutrition)

4 pages, 194 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Prebiotics, Probiotics and Nutrients in Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease

by Zitong Lei, Menglu Xu, Ying Li, Lei Chen and Hongbao Li

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4284; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194284 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2497

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are the leading causes of mortality and health burden worldwide [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Prebiotics, Probiotics and Nutrients in Cardiovascular and Kidney Disease)

4 pages, 217 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes

by Giuseppe Della Pepa

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4283; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194283 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1552

Abstract

The alarming rise in obesity worldwide is a dramatic public health concern [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diet Quality, Cardiometabolic Risk and Diabetes)

14 pages, 2754 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Colon-Targeted Delivery of Indole Acetic Acid Helps Regulate Gut Motility by Activating the AHR Signaling Pathway

by Ying Chen, Ruili Pan, Liya Mei, Peijun Tian, Linlin Wang, Jianxin Zhao, Wei Chen and Gang Wang

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4282; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194282 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2174

Abstract

Intestinal peristalsis is vital for gastrointestinal physiology and host homeostasis and is frequently dysregulated in intestinal disorders. Gut microbiota can regulate gut motility, especially through the tryptophan metabolism pathway. However, the role of indoles as microbial tryptophan metabolites in colonic function requires further [...] Read more.

Intestinal peristalsis is vital for gastrointestinal physiology and host homeostasis and is frequently dysregulated in intestinal disorders. Gut microbiota can regulate gut motility, especially through the tryptophan metabolism pathway. However, the role of indoles as microbial tryptophan metabolites in colonic function requires further exploration. Here, we show that the delivery of indole acetic acid (IAA) targeting the colon can improve gut motility by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). To achieve colon-targeted delivery, Eudragit S-100 (ES) and chitosan (CS) were used as drug carriers. After optimisation, IAA-loaded ES-coated CS nanoparticles exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of 83% and a drug-loading capacity of 16%. These nanoparticles exhibited pH-dependent characteristics and remained stable in acidic conditions and the upper intestine. In simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) and colonic lumen, considerable amounts of IAA were released after approximately 4 h. Compared with free IAA, the nanoparticles exerted enhanced therapeutic effects on gut movement disorders induced by loperamide. The efficacy of IAA treatment was attributable to the activation of the AHR signalling pathway and increased levels of AHR agonists. Furthermore, the oral administration of IAA-loaded nanoparticles promoted serotonin secretion and maintained the intestinal barrier function. The experimental outcomes demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed colon-specific delivery system and highlight the role of IAA, produced by gut microbiota metabolism, in regulating gut peristalsis through AHR activation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrient Digestion, Absorption, Energy Transformation and Metabolism)

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14 pages, 801 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Effectiveness regarding a Culinary Medicine Elective for Medical Students in Germany Delivered Virtually versus In-Person

by Selina Böttcher, Louisa Josefa Schonebeck, Laura Drösch, Anna Manuela Plogmann, Can Gero Leineweber, Seraphina Puderbach, Charlotte Buhre, Christoph Schmöcker, Uwe Neumann and Thomas Ellrott

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4281; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194281 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2332

Abstract

(1) Background: The Culinary Medicine elective at the German medical schools of the universities of Göttingen, Giessen, and Brandenburg is a teaching kitchen-based elective aimed at training medical students on how to improve patient counselling on nutrition and lifestyle medicine topics. This curriculum [...] Read more.

(1) Background: The Culinary Medicine elective at the German medical schools of the universities of Göttingen, Giessen, and Brandenburg is a teaching kitchen-based elective aimed at training medical students on how to improve patient counselling on nutrition and lifestyle medicine topics. This curriculum was either delivered virtually (2021) or in-person (2022/2023). Changes in teaching effectiveness were evaluated. (2) Methods: The elective included seven modules in the teaching kitchen for 3 h each. It consisted of a short introduction and a hands-on interactive cooking part illustrating important dietary principles in different disease groups. The elective was conducted virtually in 2021 in a fully interactive setup using videoconference tools. Students in this cohort attended from their private kitchens whereas students in the in-person cohort (2022/2023) attended the same classes in the teaching kitchen. Standardized comparative self-assessment questionnaires on counselling competencies, nutrition knowledge, eating habits, and mental well-being (WHO-5) before and after the elective were used to determine teaching effectiveness. Paired and unpaired t-tests were performed to evaluate results. (3) Results: A total of 70 students (mean semester 6.3) were included in the virtual cohort, and 80 students (mean semester 6.3) were in the in-person cohort. In both, counselling competencies on 25 nutrition and lifestyle medicine topics increased significantly. Significant changes also occurred in most nutrition knowledge categories. Subjective well-being as well as personal attitudes towards nutrition counselling in medical practice improved significantly during the elective. Healthy eating habits improved in both groups as students ate significantly less unfavourable foods. There were no significant differences between the two groups apart from minor differences in nutrition knowledge. (4) Conclusions: The elective in Culinary Medicine improved students counselling competencies, nutrition knowledge, attitudes, well-being, and eating habits with no relevant difference between virtual and in-person teaching. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue How Can Health and Wellness Promotion Strategies Which Include Nutrition Education alongside Hands-On Cooking Be Organized, Evaluated, and Optimized for Maximal Impact)

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12 pages, 317 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Determinants of Z-Score of Bone Mineral Density among Premenopausal Saudi Females in Different Age Groups: A Cross Sectional Study

by Intessar Sultan, Inass Taha, Shereen El Tarhouny, Rehab A. Mohammed, Azza M. Abdu Allah, Omar Al Nozha, Maha Desouky, Abdelrahman Ghonimy, Yara Elmehallawy, Nawaf Aldeeb and Yara Ayman Iskandarani

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4280; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194280 - 8 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1577

Abstract

This is a comparative multicenter cross-sectional study that evaluated the potential determinants of Z-scores among premenopausal Saudi women before and after the age of peak bone density. The Study concluded that for better BMD among premenopausal women, attention should be paid to early [...] Read more.

This is a comparative multicenter cross-sectional study that evaluated the potential determinants of Z-scores among premenopausal Saudi women before and after the age of peak bone density. The Study concluded that for better BMD among premenopausal women, attention should be paid to early physical activity and healthy nutrition, especially vitamin D, during the childbearing period. Objective: To explore the potential determinants of Z-scores among premenopausal Saudi females in different age groups before and after the expected age of peak bone density (PBD). Methods: This multicenter comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Madinah and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between August 2021 and March 2022. We recruited 886 premenopausal females (605 (68.3%) below and 281 (31.7%) at or above the age of 30). The structured pre-coded Arabic questionnaire included sociodemographic data, a BMD questionnaire, menstrual history, an Arab Teen Lifestyle Study questionnaire, and food frequency data. Metabolic Equivalents (METs) were calculated from physical activity. Analysis of serum PTH, 25(OH) vitamin D (VD) was performed with chemiluminescent immunoassay. BMD was measured with a calcaneal qualitative ultrasound. Results: Most women had age-matched Z-scores, with very few (24 (2.7%)) being non-age-matched with no identified secondary causes. Significant Z-score determinants before PBD were BMI (OR: 0.167, p = 0.003) and total METs (OR: 0.160, p < 0.005). After the age of PBD, significant predictors were parity (OR: 0.340, p = 0.042), history of vitamin D deficiency (OR: 0.352, p = 0.048), and BMI (OR: 0.497, p = 0.019). Conclusions: Early determinants of Z-scores among premenopausal women were the nutritional status and physical activity. After the age of PBD, parity and vitamin D status offer additional determinants. For better BMD, attention should be paid to early physical activity and healthy nutrition, especially for vitamin D, with intensification of efforts during the childbearing period. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition in Women)

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4 pages, 247 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Commonalities, Differences and the Importance of Exercise and Nutrition

by Maurício Krause and Giuseppe De Vito

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4279; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194279 - 7 Oct 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3110

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus represents a group of physiological dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycaemia resulting directly from insulin resistance (in the case of type 2 diabetes mellitus—T2DM), inadequate insulin secretion/production, or excessive glucagon secretion (in type 1 diabetes mellitus—T1DM) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Exercise and Diabetes)

16 pages, 440 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Implications of COVID-19 on Food Security and Coping Strategies among Urban Indigenous Peoples in Saskatchewan, Canada

by Mojtaba Shafiee, Ginny Lane, Michael Szafron, Katherine Hillier, Punam Pahwa and Hassan Vatanparast

Nutrients 2023, 15(19), 4278; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15194278 - 7 Oct 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2129

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has notably impacted food security, especially among urban Indigenous communities. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic and related lockdown measures on the food security of urban Indigenous peoples in Saskatchewan, Canada. In partnership with Indigenous co-researchers, [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 pandemic has notably impacted food security, especially among urban Indigenous communities. This study aimed to examine the impact of the pandemic and related lockdown measures on the food security of urban Indigenous peoples in Saskatchewan, Canada. In partnership with Indigenous co-researchers, we designed an online survey disseminated via SurveyMonkey^® (San Mateo, CA, USA) from August 2021 to August 2022. This survey detailed background information, the Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM), state of food access, and traditional food consumption habits. Of the 130 Indigenous respondents, 75.8% were female, 21.9% male, and 2.3% non-binary, with an average age of 36.2 years. A significant 68.4% experienced food insecurity during the pandemic’s first four months. Increased food prices (47.1%) and reduced market availability (41.4%) were the dominant causes. Additionally, 41.8% highlighted challenges in accessing traditional foods. Relying on community resources and government food distribution programs (40.7%) was the most reported coping strategy for those experiencing food insecurity. Notably, 43.6% reported receiving no government financial support during the crisis. This study emphasizes the severe food insecurity among urban Indigenous communities in Saskatchewan during the pandemic. The findings highlight the immediate need for interventions and policies that ensure access to culturally relevant food, especially for future crises. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Nutritional Epidemiology)

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