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Feed Vegetable Integration and Nutraceuticals Effects in Fish: The Future...
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Feed Vegetable Integration and Nutraceuticals Effects in Fish: The Future of Aquaculture

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 28475

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Vincenzo Parrino

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Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
Prof. Dr. Francesco Fazio

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: aquatic physiology; transport stress livestock; biomarkers stress
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Dr. Ümit Acar

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Guest Editor
Bayramiç Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey
Interests: fish nutrition; gene expression; fish blood parameters; essential oils; aquaculture; alternative raw material; fish feed additives
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Dr. Sevdan Yilmaz

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Department of Aquaculture, Marine Science and Technology Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Turkey
Interests: fish diseases; aquaculture nutrition; aquatic toxicology; fish and shellfish immunology
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Dr. Osman Sabri KESBİÇ

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Guest Editor
Department of Microbiology, Veterinary Faculty, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu 37200, Turkey
Dr. Burak Evren İNANAN

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Science, Eskil Vocational School, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

The development of aquaculture systems requires new strategies to reduce environmental impacts and improve fish health status. Synthetic materials as hormones, antibiotics, and/or further chemical substances have been widely used in aquaculture to control diseases and promote fish growth and it can dangerous for human health. In recent years, there has been great use of several dietary additives derived from plants to improve growth performance and physiological conditions for different fish species reared in aquaculture. The use of feed vegetables as feed additives can improve the innate defenses of fish and increase resistance to pathogens during periods of high stress, such as grading, reproduction, vaccination, seasonal transitions, and transfer between the systems. This Research Topic will promote scientific knowledge regarding the use and effects of these vegetable substances in aquaculture as natural food supplements. Each vegetable substance has specific nutraceutical properties and effects that can improve the production performance of farmed fish species. It is important to evaluate these effects through continuous monitoring of blood parameters (hematological and biochemical parameters) that represent a strong linkage between the substance used and the nutraceutical effect induced in fish. The use of plant substances in aquaculture can also be monitored through the enzymatic activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) they can be used to evaluate the physiological effects, of reduction of growth and survival, of metabolic disorders, in general, the welfare of fish in aquaculture.

Potential topics include the following: 

  1. Blood response to feed vegetable integration in fish
  2. Effects of vegetable ingredients on fish growth and feed intake (meat quality and digestibility)
  3. Effects of vegetable ingredients on fish health
  4. Immunostimulant role of feed vegetable integration in aquaculture
  5. Potential of using vegetable industry wastes in aquaculture
  6. Manipulative effects (morphological and microbiological) of vegetable-based sources on the digestive system of fish
  7. Use of vegetable extracts as anesthetic agents in aquaculture
  8. Relationships between feed with vegetable components and gamete quality in fish
  9. Growth response and its endocrine control 

Prof. Vincenzo Parrino
Dr. Francesco Fazio
Dr. Ümit Acar
Dr. Sevdan Yılmaz
Dr. Osman Sabri KESBİÇ
Dr. Burak Evren İNANAN
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • feed vegetable integration
  • blood parameters
  • nutraceutical properties
  • aquaculture management
  • fish growth
  • immunity
  • gamete quality
  • good aquaculture practices (GAP)

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1209 KiB  
Article
Dietary Cinnamon Successfully Enhanced the Growth Performance, Growth Hormone, Antibacterial Capacity, and Immunity of European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
by Mahmoud M. Habiba, Ebtehal E. Hussein, Ahmed M. Ashry, Ahmed M. El-Zayat, Aziza M. Hassan, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Hani Sewilam, Hien Van Doan and Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Animals 2021, 11(7), 2128; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072128 - 17 Jul 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5443
Abstract
Dietary cinnamon has several bioactive compounds with growth-promoting and immunomodulation potential and is suggested for finfish species. This study evaluated the inclusion of cinnamon at 0, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets. After 90 days, [...] Read more.
Dietary cinnamon has several bioactive compounds with growth-promoting and immunomodulation potential and is suggested for finfish species. This study evaluated the inclusion of cinnamon at 0, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) diets. After 90 days, the highest final weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and the lowest feed conversion ratio were seen in fish treated with 10 g/kg (p < 0.05). Further, the measured growth hormone in the blood indicated that fish treated with 10 g/kg had a higher level than fish 0 and 20 g/kg. After the feeding trial, fish treated with cinnamon at varying levels had higher lipid content than fish before the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Lower Vibrio spp. and Faecal Coliform counts were observed in fish treated with cinnamon than fish fed a cinnamon-free diet (p < 0.05). The hematocrit level was markedly (p < 0.05) increased in fish fed cinnamon at 10 g/kg compared to the control without significant differences with fish fed 15 and 20 g/kg. Hemoglobin was significantly increased in fish treated with cinnamon at 10, 15, and 20 g/kg compared to fish fed a cinnamon-free diet (p < 0.05). Red and white blood cells (RBCs and WBCs) were meaningfully (p < 0.05) increased in fish treated with cinnamon compared with the control. Markedly, fish treated with cinnamon had higher serum total lipids than the control with the highest value in fish treated with 15 g/kg (p < 0.05). The lysozyme activity was markedly higher in fish treated with 15 g cinnamon/kg than fish fed 0, 10, and 20 g/kg (p < 0.05). Moreover, phagocytic activity was significantly higher in fish treated with cinnamon at 10, and 15 g/kg than fish fed 0 and 20 g/kg (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary cinnamon is suggested at 10–15 g/kg for achieving the high production and wellbeing of European sea bass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed Vegetable Integration and Nutraceuticals Effects in Fish: The Future of Aquaculture)
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12 pages, 892 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Dietary Curcumin on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Antibacterial Capacity, and Haemato-Biochemical Parameters of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)
by Ahmed M. Ashry, Aziza M. Hassan, Mahmoud M. Habiba, Ahmed El-Zayat, Mohamed E. El-Sharnouby, Hani Sewilam and Mahmoud A.O. Dawood
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1779; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061779 - 15 Jun 2021
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 6063
Abstract
The need to replace antibiotics in aquafeed is increasing, and alternative safe substances are now encouraged for sustainable aquaculture activity. Curcumin is regarded as a multifunctional feed additive with growth-promoting and immunostimulant potential. Thus, this study evaluated dietary inclusion of curcumin at rates [...] Read more.
The need to replace antibiotics in aquafeed is increasing, and alternative safe substances are now encouraged for sustainable aquaculture activity. Curcumin is regarded as a multifunctional feed additive with growth-promoting and immunostimulant potential. Thus, this study evaluated dietary inclusion of curcumin at rates of 0, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3% in the diets of Gilthead seabream for 150 days. The results showed an improved final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio in fish treated with curcumin, in a dose-dependent manner. The highest growth performance was observed in fish fed a diet supplemented with 3% curcumin. The results also showed lowered activity of pathogenic bacteria (Vibrio spp. and Faecal coliform) in the intestines of Gilthead seabream fed a diet with curcumin inclusion, in a dose-dependent manner. The hematological indices were within the normal range for healthy fish, without meaningful effects except for hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells (RBCs), and white blood cells (WBCs), which were markedly increased by dietary curcumin. Phagocytic activity was obviously enhanced by dietary curcumin, compared with the control. The biochemical blood metabolites related to liver function (alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT)), renal tissue (urea), and total cholesterol were within the normal values, without significant differences. Overall, the inclusion of curcumin at a rate of 2–3% improved the growth performance and well-being of Gilthead seabream. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed Vegetable Integration and Nutraceuticals Effects in Fish: The Future of Aquaculture)
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12 pages, 2057 KiB  
Article
Effects of Essential Oil Derived from the Bitter Orange (Citrus aurantium) on Growth Performance, Histology and Gene Expression Levels in Common Carp Juveniles (Cyprinus carpio)
by Ümit Acar, Osman Sabri Kesbiç, Sevdan Yılmaz, Burak Evren İnanan, Fahriye Zemheri-Navruz, Funda Terzi, Francesco Fazio and Vincenzo Parrino
Animals 2021, 11(5), 1431; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051431 - 17 May 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3750
Abstract
The aim of this study was to detect effects of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) essential oil, commonly called neroli oil (NO) (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5% referred to as NO0 NO0.25, NO0. 05, NO1 [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to detect effects of bitter orange (Citrus aurantium) essential oil, commonly called neroli oil (NO) (0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, and 1.5% referred to as NO0 NO0.25, NO0. 05, NO1 and NO1.5, respectively) on growth performance output and expression levels of some growth-related genes in the muscle tissue and some immune-related genes in the head kidney and pathological differences in digestive system organs of common carp Cyprinus carpio. The NO0.25 group had a large improvement in growth efficiency at the end of the 60-day feeding cycle. Real-time PCR (Bio RAD, USA) system was used to detect variations in gene expression levels. Furthermore, NO supplementation of up to 0.25% in muscle tissue controlled the release of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). Furthermore, in the NO0.25 treatment category, immune response gene levels TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß increased in head kidney tissue. In the histological examination of the liver and intestine, there were significant differences between fish fed with N1 and N1.5 diets. This study confirms that dietary supplementation of NO up to 0.25% can improve common carp growth efficiency and increase the expression of genes (GH and IGF-I) related to muscle growth, TNF-α, IL-8 and IL-1ß genes related to immune status, and liver and intestine histological status of common carp. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed Vegetable Integration and Nutraceuticals Effects in Fish: The Future of Aquaculture)
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11 pages, 980 KiB  
Article
Effect of Fortified Feed with Phyto-Extract on the First Physical Barrier (Mucus) of Labeo rohita
by Francesco Fazio, Saira Naz, Syed Sikandar Habib, Mehmood Ahmed Husnain Hashmi, Muhsin Ali, Concetta Saoca and Mujeeb Ullah
Animals 2021, 11(5), 1308; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051308 - 1 May 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2791
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of two different fortified feeds with different concentrations of two important medicinal plants (Withania coagulans and Zingiber officinale) on the mucosal immunity of Labeo rohita. After a dietary intervention, mucus [...] Read more.
The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of two different fortified feeds with different concentrations of two important medicinal plants (Withania coagulans and Zingiber officinale) on the mucosal immunity of Labeo rohita. After a dietary intervention, mucus was tested against five pathogenic bacteria (in-vitro), while experimental fish were tested against the ectoparasite (Lernaea) (in-vivo). Our results revealed that all fish groups fed with different concentrations (1, 1.5, and 2%) of Z. officinale had low molecular weight proteins and did not develop any significant signs of parasitic infection, with low mortality rate; whereas the groups that were fed with W. coagulans (particularly with 1% and 2%), including a control group, developed rapid signs of infection with high mortality rate. The highest hemagglutination titer value was recorded for the fish fed with 1% and 1.5% of Z. officinale. The lowest value was found for the fish fed with 2% of W. coagulans. The mucus of all fish of fortified groups was active and inhibited the growth of tested bacterial pathogens as compared to the control group. Further, Z. officinale groups showed greater efficacy against bacteria as compared to the W. coagulans groups. In conclusion, Z. officinale can be considered as a potential and functional ingredient in aquaculture feed. Furthermore, future studies should be conducted to investigate more details on the subject. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed Vegetable Integration and Nutraceuticals Effects in Fish: The Future of Aquaculture)
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Review

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19 pages, 4589 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Roles of Dietary Herbal Essential Oils in Aquaculture: A Review
by Mahmoud A. O. Dawood, Mohammed F. El Basuini, Sevdan Yilmaz, Hany M. R. Abdel-Latif, Mahmoud Alagawany, Zulhisyam Abdul Kari, Mohammad Khairul Azhar Abdul Razab, Noor Khalidah Abdul Hamid, Tossapol Moonmanee and Hien Van Doan
Animals 2022, 12(7), 823; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070823 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 57 | Viewed by 8169
Abstract
The aquaculture sector is one of the main activities contributing to food security for humanity around the globe. However, aquatic animals are susceptible to several farming stressors involved in deteriorated growth performance, reduced productivity, and eventually high mortality rates. In some countries still, [...] Read more.
The aquaculture sector is one of the main activities contributing to food security for humanity around the globe. However, aquatic animals are susceptible to several farming stressors involved in deteriorated growth performance, reduced productivity, and eventually high mortality rates. In some countries still, antibiotics and chemotherapies are comprehensively applied to control biotic stressors. Aside from the apparent benefits, the continuous usage of antibiotics develops bacterial resistance, deteriorates bacterial populations, and accumulates these compounds in the aquatic environment. Alternatively, environmentally friendly additives were used to avoid the direct and indirect impacts on the aquatic ecosystem and human health. In aquaculture, medicinal herbs and extracts are extensively used and approved for their growth-promoting, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. Herbal essential oils contain many bioactive components with powerful antibacterial, antioxidative, and immunostimulant potentials, suggesting their application for aquatic animals. Essential oils can be provided via diet and can benefit aquatic animals by improving their well-being and health status. The use of essential oils in aquafeed has been studied in a variety of aquatic animals to determine their beneficial roles and optimum doses. The outputs illustrated that herbal essential oils are exciting alternatives to antibiotics with prominent growth promotion, antioxidative, and immunostimulant roles. Herein, we reviewed the beneficial roles of essential oils in aquaculture. This review also aims to describe trends in herbal essential oils use, mainly in commercial fish species, and to analyze different factors that affect essential oils’ efficacy on the growth performance, antioxidative, and immune responses of finfish species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feed Vegetable Integration and Nutraceuticals Effects in Fish: The Future of Aquaculture)
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