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Animals
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Advances in Equine Metabolomics
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Advances in Equine Metabolomics

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Equids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 14406

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Claudia Giannetto

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo University Annunziata, Messina, Italy
Interests: athletic horse; chronophysiology; exercise physiology; domestic animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Piccione

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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, Polo University Annunziata, Messina, Italy
Interests: athletic horse; chronophysiology; exercise physiology; domestic animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Francesca Arfuso

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell’Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: athletic horse; chronophysiology; exercise physiology; domestic animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of metabolites makes it possible to observe changes in the chemical and biochemical composition of biological fluids and tissues. The evaluation of metabolite profiles makes it possible to identify alterations to an organism’s physiology and/or the mechanism of adaptation of the animal in an attempt to restore homeostasis during various physiological and management conditions (e.g., pregnancy, lactation, neonatal period, aging, exercise, transport). To investigate the complexity of these responses, “omics” approaches including multivariate and large-scale analyses may be applied. Pioneering proteomic studies have demonstrated that variation in the proteomic fingerprint occurs in healthy animals during peculiar physiological states. The horse is an optimal in vivo model for characterizing physiological responses to homeostasis perturbation due to their natural aptitude for athletic performance and the homogeneity of their genetic and environmental backgrounds. In line with this, the Special Issue welcomes metabolomics studies developing insight into the metabolic adaptations and perturbations associated with any physiological state of life in equids.

Dr. Claudia Giannetto
Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Piccione
Dr. Francesca Arfuso
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • metabolites
  • horse
  • exercise
  • peripartum
  • neonatal period
  • stress
  • aging

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1180 KiB  
Article
The Lipidomics of Spermatozoa and Red Blood Cells Membrane Profile of Martina Franca Donkey: Preliminary Evaluation
by Paraskevi Prasinou, Ippolito De Amicis, Isa Fusaro, Roberta Bucci, Damiano Cavallini, Salvatore Parrillo, Maurizio Caputo, Alessandro Gramenzi and Augusto Carluccio
Animals 2023, 13(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13010008 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1782
Abstract
Fatty acid-based lipidomic analysis has been widely used to evaluate health status in human medicine as well as in the veterinary field. In equine species, there has been a developing interest in fertility and sperm quality. Fatty acids, being the principal components of [...] Read more.
Fatty acid-based lipidomic analysis has been widely used to evaluate health status in human medicine as well as in the veterinary field. In equine species, there has been a developing interest in fertility and sperm quality. Fatty acids, being the principal components of the membranes, play an active role in the regulation of the metabolic activities, and their role on spermiogenesis seems to be of great importance for the resulting quality of the sperm and, thus, fertility. With the application of widely used lipidomic techniques, the aim of this study was to evaluate: (a) the fatty acid content of the spermatozoa’s membranes of 26 healthy male Martina Franca donkeys and its possible correlation with sperm parameters, and (b) the evaluation of the composition of the red blood cells’ membrane. PUFA omega-6 are the principal components (40.38%) of the total PUFA content (47.79%) in both types of cells; however, DPA is the predominant one on the spermatozoa’s membrane (27.57%) but is not present in the erythrocyte’s membrane. Spermatozoa’s motility (%) is positively correlated with stearic acid and EPA, and progressive motility (%), with oleic acid. These findings offer information on the composition of both types of cells’ membranes in healthy male MF donkeys and reflect the metabolic transformations of the spermatozoa’s membrane during the maturation period, providing a better perception of the role of fatty acids in sperm parameters and fertility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Equine Metabolomics)
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12 pages, 279 KiB  
Article
Plasma Amino Acid Concentration in Obese Horses with/without Insulin Dysregulation and Laminitis
by Sabita Diana Stoeckle, Detlef Timmermann, Roswitha Merle and Heidrun Gehlen
Animals 2022, 12(24), 3580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12243580 - 18 Dec 2022
Viewed by 2011
Abstract
Laminitic horses commonly suffer from an endocrine disease such as equine metabolic syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia is considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of laminitis. Since insulin also affects protein turnover in the body, the resting plasma amino acid concentrations of obese horses that [...] Read more.
Laminitic horses commonly suffer from an endocrine disease such as equine metabolic syndrome. Hyperinsulinemia is considered a key factor in the pathogenesis of laminitis. Since insulin also affects protein turnover in the body, the resting plasma amino acid concentrations of obese horses that were presented for a combined glucose insulin test (CGIT) were determined. In total, 25 obese horses and two lean horses with recurrent laminitis underwent a CGIT. Of these, five were not insulin dysregulated (obese), 14 were insulin dysregulated (ID), and eight were insulin-dysregulated and laminitic (IDL). Significant differences in the resting concentrations between obese and insulin dysregulated and laminitic (citrulline p = 0.038, obese: 73.001 ± 12.661 nmol/mL, IDL: 49.194 ± 15.486 nmol/mL; GABA p = 0.02, obese: 28.234 ± 3.885 nmol/mL, IDL: 16.697 ± 1.679 nmol/mL; methionine p = 0.018, obese: 28.691 ± 5.913 nmol/mL, IDL: 20.143 ± 3.09 nmol/mL) as well as between insulin dysregulated individuals with and without laminitis (GABA p < 0.001, ID: 28.169 ± 6.739 nmol/mL) regarding three amino acids were determined. This may be an interesting approach, especially for diagnostic testing and possibly also for the feed supplements of horses at risk of developing laminitis. However, further research, including a higher number of cases, is required. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Equine Metabolomics)
19 pages, 1877 KiB  
Article
Metabolomic Profiles in Starved Light Breed Horses during the Refeeding Process
by Sawyer C. Main, Lindsay P. Brown, Kelly R. Melvin, Shawn R. Campagna, Brynn H. Voy, Hector F. Castro, Lewrell G. Strickland, Melissa T. Hines, Robert D. Jacobs, Mary E. Gordon and Jennie L. Z. Ivey
Animals 2022, 12(19), 2527; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192527 - 21 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2382
Abstract
The large population of emaciated horses continues to be an issue troubling the equine industry. However, little is known regarding the collection of equine metabolites (metabolome) during a malnourished state and the changes that occur throughout nutritional rehabilitation. In this study, ten emaciated [...] Read more.
The large population of emaciated horses continues to be an issue troubling the equine industry. However, little is known regarding the collection of equine metabolites (metabolome) during a malnourished state and the changes that occur throughout nutritional rehabilitation. In this study, ten emaciated horses underwent a refeeding process, during which blood samples were collected for a blood chemistry panel and metabolomics analysis via ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS). Significant differences among blood chemistry analytes and metabolite abundance during the critical care period (CCP; Days 1–10 of rehabilitation) and the recovery period (RP; the remainder of the rehabilitation process) were observed. Potentially toxic compounds, analytes related to liver, kidney, and muscle function, as well as energy-related metabolites were altered during the refeeding process. The combination of blood chemistry and metabolomics analyses on starved equine during rehabilitation provide vital biological insight and evidence that the refeeding process has a significant impact on the equine metabolome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Equine Metabolomics)
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11 pages, 277 KiB  
Article
Differences of the Plasma Total Lipid Fraction from Pre-Foaling to Post-Foaling Period in Donkeys
by Anastasia Lisuzzo, Francesca Bonelli, Micaela Sgorbini, Irene Nocera, Giulia Cento, Elisa Mazzotta, Luca Turini, Mina Martini, Federica Salari, Massimo Morgante, Tamara Badon and Enrico Fiore
Animals 2022, 12(3), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030304 - 26 Jan 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2458
Abstract
The period from late gestation to early lactation is characterized by changes in energy metabolism. The aim of the current study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction using gas chromatography (GC) analysis, in order to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling [...] Read more.
The period from late gestation to early lactation is characterized by changes in energy metabolism. The aim of the current study was to analyze the plasma total lipid fraction using gas chromatography (GC) analysis, in order to highlight metabolic changes from the pre-foaling to post-foaling periods. Eleven pluriparous dairy jennies (mean age of 11.88 ± 3.79 years) belonging to the Amiata donkey breed were enrolled. Blood sampling was performed at 15 days before foaling (T0), and 15 (T1), 30 (T2), 60 (T3), and 90 (T4) days after foaling, for biochemical and GC analysis. A total of 37 fatty acids were identified in plasma samples: 4 medium chain (MCFA), 24 long chain (LCFA), and 9 very-long chain (VLCFA) fatty acids. Among them, 20 fatty acids changed significantly, and two fatty acid showed a trend toward significance. Furthermore, the LCFA, saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated ω-3 fatty acids changed significantly during the study period. The main alterations were between T0 and the other time points and appeared to be related to lipid metabolism, cellular structure and function, and inflammatory and immune responses. Our findings reveal greater energy requirements at the end of gestation compared to early lactation in donkeys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Equine Metabolomics)
8 pages, 260 KiB  
Article
How Much Energy Vaquejada Horses Spend in a Field Simulation Test?
by Clarisse S. Coelho, Ticiane D. R. P. Sodre, Lara N. Sousa, Renata F. Siqueira, Helio C. Manso Filho, Francesca Aragona and Francesco Fazio
Animals 2021, 11(12), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11123421 - 30 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
Vaquejada is a high-intensity and short-duration exercise in which helper horses (HH) are responsible to keep a bull running in a line while pull horses (PH) work to put the bull down after 100 m of running. The purpose of this study was [...] Read more.
Vaquejada is a high-intensity and short-duration exercise in which helper horses (HH) are responsible to keep a bull running in a line while pull horses (PH) work to put the bull down after 100 m of running. The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare energy expenditures (EE), transport costs (COT) and metabolic energy requirements (Pmet) of horses used in Vaquejada. Thus, eight Quarter Horses, in randomly formed pairs, performed a vaquejada simulation test (VST), which consisted of three races on a sand track (130–150 m), with a 5-min interval between them. All horses used an integrated heart rate (HR) and GPS monitoring system (V800, Polar Electro) and, from these data, EE, COT and Pmet were calculated using the formulas: EE (J/kg/min) = 0.0566 × HR1.9955, COT = (HR-35)/kg/m × 103 and Pmet = (HR-35)/min/kg. Blood samples were collected for lactate analysis at rest, immediately after the first, second and third race and after 30 min of recovery. Data obtained were submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). In VST, HH had higher EE and higher HR at trot; while PH presented higher EE and HR at canter. Finally, considering total VST, PH had higher EE and COT, while HH had higher Pmet. Lactate was higher in PH. Despite practicing the same sport, PH and HH should be considered distinct athletes, and these must be considered to set up appropriate physical and nutritional programs, which will lead to better performance and guarantees of well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Equine Metabolomics)
13 pages, 1397 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Study: Proteomic Profiling Uncovers Potential Proteins for Biomonitoring Equine Melanocytic Neoplasm
by Parichart Tesena, Amornthep Kingkaw, Wanwipa Vongsangnak, Surakiet Pitikarn, Narumon Phaonakrop, Sittiruk Roytrakul and Attawit Kovitvadhi
Animals 2021, 11(7), 1913; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11071913 - 27 Jun 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2660
Abstract
Equine melanocytic neoplasm (EMN) is a cutaneous neoplasm and is mostly observed in aged grey horses. This preliminary study aimed to identify potential proteins to differentiate normal, mild and severe EMN from serum proteomic profiling. Serum samples were collected from 25 grey horses [...] Read more.
Equine melanocytic neoplasm (EMN) is a cutaneous neoplasm and is mostly observed in aged grey horses. This preliminary study aimed to identify potential proteins to differentiate normal, mild and severe EMN from serum proteomic profiling. Serum samples were collected from 25 grey horses assigned to three groups: normal (free of EMN; n = 10), mild (n = 6) and severe EMN (n = 9). To explore the differences in proteins between groups, proteomic profiling and analysis were employed. Accordingly, 8241 annotated proteins out of 8725 total proteins were compared between normal and EMN groups and inspected based on differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Through DEP analysis, 95 significant DEPs differed between normal and EMN groups. Among these DEPs, 41 significant proteins were categorised according to protein functions. Based on 41 significant proteins, 10 were involved in metabolism and 31 in non-metabolism. Interestingly, phospholipid phosphatase6 (PLPP6) and ATPase subunit alpha (Na+/K+-ATPase) were considered as potential proteins uniquely expressed in mild EMN and related to lipid and energy metabolism, respectively. Non-metabolism-related proteins (BRCA1, phosphorylase B kinase regulatory subunit: PHKA1, tyrosine-protein kinase receptor: ALK and rho-associated protein kinase: ROCK1) correlated to melanoma development differed among all groups. The results of our study provide a foundation for early EMN biomonitoring and prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Equine Metabolomics)
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