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Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering
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Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 13442

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Shuqian Duan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: rock and soil mechanics; deep underground excavations; tunnelling; environmental geotechnical engineering; mechanical modelling; microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP); microstructure failure; analysis; machine learning; damage mechanics; weak interlayer zone
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yucong Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
Interests: tunnel boring machine; deep mixed grounds; underground structures; rock cutting mechanism; tunnel construction under high geostress; rock boreability and abrasiveness analysis
Dr. Jiecheng Xiong

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: structural dynamics; machine learning; structural vibration serviceability; human-induced vibration
Dr. Ping Wang

E-Mail
Guest Editor
Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
Interests: solid waste management; industrial waste utilization; geoenvironmental engineering; solid waste treatment; solidification/stabilization; risk assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the rapid growth of the economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the advances and applications in the exploration, design, construction and operation of geotechnical and structural engineering have achieved great progress during the integrated development and utilization of aboveground and underground space in China. As is widely known, geotechnical engineering is the vanguard of structural engineering, and vice versa, structural engineering is the inspector of geotechnical engineering.

This Special Issue of Buildings is based on the two domains mentioned in the title, “Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering”, and will accept the submission of manuscripts covering different topics, from fundamental research to more applied exploratory and integrated case studies. Topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Mechanical properties, failure mechanisms and modelling of rock, soil and structures, including various kinds of dynamic and static characteristics analysis;
  • Innovative intelligence algorithms and machine learning methods for solving engineering problems in geotechnical and structural engineering, for example, BIM, ANN, etc.;
  • New reinforcement techniques, instability disaster warning and prevention countermeasures for important engineering challenges—for example, innovative materials, microseismic monitoring for rock burst, MICP (EICP), etc.;
  • Safe, efficient and intelligent underground construction techniques for deep mixed grounds—for example, tunnel boring machines (TBM);
  • Green and low-carbon construction and design approaches in all kinds of geotechnical and structural engineering—for example, disposal of solid wastes, 3D printing, etc.;
  • Human-induced structural vibration, including analysis and design method, human-induced load modeling, crowd–structure interaction, vibration serviceability criteria;
  • Geoenvironmental performance and modelling of recycled waste for construction and building materials.

Dr. Shuqian Duan
Dr. Yucong Pan
Dr. Jiecheng Xiong
Dr. Ping Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mechanical behaviours
  • reinforcement
  • disaster warning and prevention
  • machining learning
  • engineering design approaches
  • green and low-carbon development
  • human-induced vibration
  • structural dynamics
  • stabilization/solidification
  • waste utilization
  • risk assessment

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  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 13619 KiB  
Article
Model Test Study on Bearing Characteristics of Pile Foundation in Red Clay
by Hangyu Yan, Jinbin Long, Yuanhao Yang, Qingye Shi and Bai Yang
Buildings 2024, 14(8), 2316; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082316 - 26 Jul 2024
Viewed by 610
Abstract
The physical and mechanical properties of red clay have a significant influence on the bearing characteristics of pile foundations. Therefore, this paper conducted model tests to study the influence of different red clay water content (16~−20%) and different compaction degrees (88~−92%) on the [...] Read more.
The physical and mechanical properties of red clay have a significant influence on the bearing characteristics of pile foundations. Therefore, this paper conducted model tests to study the influence of different red clay water content (16~−20%) and different compaction degrees (88~−92%) on the bearing characteristics of pile foundations. The results show that the load–displacement curves of the test pile generally exhibit a steep type. The ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile increases gradually with the compaction degree from 86% to 92%. However, the ratio of load borne by the side of the pile increases from 54.8% to 67.8%, while the ratio of load borne by the end decreases from 45.2% to 32.2%. The ratio of load borne by the pile end to that borne by the pile side also decreases gradually from 0.825 to 0.476. The ultimate bearing capacity of the test pile decreases gradually with the moisture content from 17% to 26%, showing a decreasing trend. However, the ratio of load borne by the pile side decreases from 69.5% to 51.9%, while the ratio of load borne by the end increases from 30.5% to 48.1%. The ratio of load borne by the pile end to that borne by the pile side also increases gradually from 0.439 to 0.927. This indicates that increasing the compaction degree or reducing the moisture content has a more significant effect on increasing the side resistance. In this paper, the ultimate bearing capacity of test piles are calculated by the Mohr–Coulomb criterion (M-CC) and Duncan–Chang hyperbolic model (D-CHM), respectively. The results show that M-CC and D-CHM methods can accurately calculate the bearing capacity of the pile foundation in red clay. The conclusion of this study can provide a reference for the design and construction of pile foundations in red clay areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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29 pages, 23773 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Blasting Parameters Considering Both Vibration Reduction and Profile Control: A Case Study in a Mountain Hard Rock Tunnel
by Junjie Zhou, Shan Gao, Pingkuang Luo, Jiale Fan and Congcong Zhao
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1421; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051421 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1329 | Correction
Abstract
The number of excavated tunnels is increasing day by day, and the corresponding engineering scale is also getting increasing. Safe, efficient, and economically beneficial tunnel construction methods are indispensable in the process of crossing mountains and steep ridges in the southwest region. However, [...] Read more.
The number of excavated tunnels is increasing day by day, and the corresponding engineering scale is also getting increasing. Safe, efficient, and economically beneficial tunnel construction methods are indispensable in the process of crossing mountains and steep ridges in the southwest region. However, behind the improvement of transportation infrastructure in Southwest China is the support provided by the rapid development of blasting industry engineering technology in China. In the process of tunnel construction using the drilling and blasting method, in addition to blasting vibration disasters the phenomenon of overbreak and underbreak caused by blasting construction is a prominent problem. This phenomenon not only affects the safety and stability of the tunnel excavation but also seriously increases the construction cost. Based on a short mountain hard rock tunnel project in southwest China, this paper studies the effect of blasting construction on the blasting vibration of adjacent structures and the influence of tunnel contour forming quality. Through the monitoring and analysis of in situ blasting vibration, the Sadowski formula is used to study the attenuation law of blasting vibration velocity in different tunnel sites, which provides a theoretical basis for tunnel blasting vibration control. This article compares the use of overbreak and underbreak value with the traditional method to determine the degree of overbreak and underbreak. It introduces the analysis of contour section fractal dimension value and uses fractal theory in the Python image processing module to accurately and quantitatively describe the problems of tunnel overbreak and underbreak. The feasibility and accuracy of this method have been verified, by combining the total station and 3D laser scanner results of overbreak and underbreak measurements of the Brenner Base Tunnel and a short hard rock tunnel in a mountainous area of southwestern China. The blasting scheme was optimized from the aspects of cut hole form, detonator interval time, and peripheral hole charge structure, and the rationality of the optimized scheme was verified according to the on-site blasting experiments. It has a profound influence on strengthening the protection of adjacent tunnel structures and improving the economic benefit of mountain highway projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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16 pages, 8876 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of Reinforced Soil and Frame Beam Anchor Combination System
by Jiangfei He and Leihua Yao
Buildings 2024, 14(5), 1372; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14051372 - 10 May 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1087
Abstract
To address issues with excessive displacement, deformation, and insufficient load bearing capacity in high-fill-reinforced soil-retaining walls, a novel reinforced soil–frame anchor combination system was developed. Despite the limited existing research on its mechanical properties and synergy, a physical model test was conducted to [...] Read more.
To address issues with excessive displacement, deformation, and insufficient load bearing capacity in high-fill-reinforced soil-retaining walls, a novel reinforced soil–frame anchor combination system was developed. Despite the limited existing research on its mechanical properties and synergy, a physical model test was conducted to investigate the system’s behavior. The test focused on the horizontal displacement of the frame beam wall, grid strain, wall back earth pressure, and anchor strain. Results indicated that anchor prestress effectively controlled horizontal deformation, limiting it to 65% of the original displacement value. Additionally, as the top load increased, strain in the bottom bars showed minor changes, while strain in the middle and upper bars exhibited significant sensitivity to load variations. The application of anchor prestress reduced strain in each reinforcement layer, enhancing the geogrid’s load bearing capacity. Furthermore, anchor prestress altered the distribution of earth pressure within the system, establishing a synergistic relationship between reinforced soil and frame beam anchors. This stress transfer mechanism improved overall system performance, as demonstrated in the test. Overall, the study confirmed the benefits and superior performance of the combined system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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35 pages, 21173 KiB  
Article
Prediction of the Unconfined Compressive Strength of Salinized Frozen Soil Based on Machine Learning
by Huiwei Zhao and Hui Bing
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 641; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030641 - 29 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1073
Abstract
Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is an important parameter of rock and soil mechanical behavior in foundation engineering design and construction. In this study, salinized frozen soil is selected as the research object, and soil GDS tests, ultrasonic tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) [...] Read more.
Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is an important parameter of rock and soil mechanical behavior in foundation engineering design and construction. In this study, salinized frozen soil is selected as the research object, and soil GDS tests, ultrasonic tests, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests are conducted. Based on the classification method of the model parameters, 2 macroscopic parameters, 38 mesoscopic parameters, and 19 microscopic parameters are selected. A machine learning model is used to predict the strength of soil considering the three-level characteristic parameters. Four accuracy evaluation indicators are used to evaluate six machine learning models. The results show that the radial basis function (RBF) has the best UCS predictive performance for both the training and testing stages. In terms of acceptable accuracy and stability loss, through the analysis of the gray correlation and rough set of the three-level parameters, the total amount and proportion of parameters are optimized so that there are 2, 16, and 16 macro, meso, and micro parameters in a sequence, respectively. In the simulation of the aforementioned six machine learning models with the optimized parameters, the RBF still performs optimally. In addition, after parameter optimization, the sensitivity proportion of the third-level parameters is more reasonable. The RBF model with optimized parameters proved to be a more effective method for predicting soil UCS. This study improves the prediction ability of the UCS by classifying and optimizing the model parameters and provides a useful reference for future research on salty soil strength parameters in seasonally frozen regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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18 pages, 7675 KiB  
Article
A Fourier Series-Based Multi-Point Excitation Model for Crowd Jumping Loads
by Jiecheng Xiong, Zhongsui Cao, Shuqian Duan, Bei Cao, Hui Qian and Chenyang Li
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1782; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071782 - 13 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 945
Abstract
Crowd jumping loads are often simplified to a single-point excitation in the existing Fourier series-based models, most of which lack the data support of crowd jumping experiments. A Fourier series-based multi-point excitation model for crowd jumping loads is herein developed, where two parameters, [...] Read more.
Crowd jumping loads are often simplified to a single-point excitation in the existing Fourier series-based models, most of which lack the data support of crowd jumping experiments. A Fourier series-based multi-point excitation model for crowd jumping loads is herein developed, where two parameters, the jumping frequency, and the time lag shift, are selected to quantify the crowd synchronization. After the verification of 3D motion capture technology, the probability distributions of the jumping frequency and the time lag shift are modeled based on the crowd jumping experiment, in which the trajectories of the reflective markers of 48 test subjects were simultaneously recorded by 3D motion capture technology. Through repeated sampling, the jumping load of each person in a crowd is simulated. This model could offer a useful method for evaluating the vibration performance of assembly structures like grandstands, gymnasiums, and concert venues. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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21 pages, 2715 KiB  
Article
Developing a Model for Analyzing Risks Affecting Machinery Tunnel Execution
by Mohamed A. Eid, Jong Wan Hu and Usama Issa
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1757; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071757 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1360
Abstract
Tunneling projects face several risks during the execution stage that affect the execution objectives (cost, time, quality, and safety). This study aimed to define the main execution activities of machinery tunnels with the associated risk factors and to develop a model for evaluating [...] Read more.
Tunneling projects face several risks during the execution stage that affect the execution objectives (cost, time, quality, and safety). This study aimed to define the main execution activities of machinery tunnels with the associated risk factors and to develop a model for evaluating and analyzing the effects of the risk factors on the execution stage. The recognized activities of executing tunnels included the following: (A01) thrust and reception shaft installation; (A02) machine setup and break-in; (A03) machine progression and lining placing; and (A04) machine break-out and removal. Additionally, thirty-two risk factors associated with these activities were identified. Risk factor probability of occurrence and impacts on cost, time, quality, and safety were determined. Due to this risky and uncertain environment, the fuzzy logic method was applied for developing a model to analyze the effects of the risks on the tunneling process. The model was applied and verified using data collected in Egypt. Many correlations were determined among risk factors that affected tunneling execution objectives, resulting in close relationships with each other. The results emphasized many significant risk factors, such as “conflict between technical geological report and the ground nature”, and “shaft wall damage during break-out”. A03, which is related to machine progression and lining placing, was declared the riskiest activity group during tunneling execution. Further, safety was rated as the objective most affected by risks. The risk model presented in this study can be modified and applied to other cases, while the results and key risks can support the decision-makers who deal with tunneling construction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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21 pages, 9755 KiB  
Article
Model Test of Surrounding Rock Temperature Field under Different Drainage Structures and Insulation Conditions in High Cold Tunnel
by Xuelan Zhang, Lianyan Jia, Jingmei Zong, Lizhen Tan and Lulu Liu
Buildings 2023, 13(6), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061503 - 10 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1550
Abstract
Improper layout of drainage structures and inadequate insulation measures in high-altitude cold areas have resulted in varying degrees of frost damage in numerous tunnels during operation. To address this issue and propose a viable drainage structure layout scheme, this paper analyzes and studies [...] Read more.
Improper layout of drainage structures and inadequate insulation measures in high-altitude cold areas have resulted in varying degrees of frost damage in numerous tunnels during operation. To address this issue and propose a viable drainage structure layout scheme, this paper analyzes and studies the temperature field distribution characteristics of the lower surrounding rock and drainage structure around high-altitude cold tunnels, as well as the layout of the central drainage ditch and anti-cold water leakage hole. Based on physical model test results of cold area tunnels, the distribution characteristics of the temperature field around the tunnel drainage structure under different insulation conditions are obtained, and a control equation of temperature change along the depth direction is proposed. By comparing and analyzing the differences in temperature field and water flow characteristics of drainage structures under different insulation methods, the setting conditions of different drainage structures are determined. Furthermore, the function relationship between the freezing depth of the lower surrounding rock of the tunnel arch and the air temperature inside the tunnel is established, and the curve of the on-site tunnel freezing depth change is predicted. This study provides valuable insights into the design and construction of drainage structures and insulation measures for high-altitude cold tunnels, ultimately contributing to the prevention of frost damage and ensuring safe and efficient tunnel operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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20 pages, 5808 KiB  
Article
Optimization of Rockburst Risk Control Measures for Deeply Buried TBM Tunnels: A Case Study
by Pengxiang Li, Jinshuai Zhao, Wankui Bu, Wenjing Niu, Pinpin Liu and Minghong Sun
Buildings 2023, 13(6), 1440; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13061440 - 31 May 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1390
Abstract
Choosing reasonable control measures for different intensity rockburst risks not only effectively prevents and mitigates rockburst risks but also reduces time and engineering investment costs. Due to the limitations of the tunnel boring machine’s structure and working conditions, tunnels excavated by TBMs are [...] Read more.
Choosing reasonable control measures for different intensity rockburst risks not only effectively prevents and mitigates rockburst risks but also reduces time and engineering investment costs. Due to the limitations of the tunnel boring machine’s structure and working conditions, tunnels excavated by TBMs are highly susceptible to rockbursts. What is even worse is that there are very few measures to control the rockburst risk in these tunnels. Implementing reasonable control measures from the limited mitigation measures to control and mitigate rockburst in TBM tunnels is an urgent problem that warrants a solution. In this paper, a large number of on-site rockburst risk control cases and a large amount of MS monitoring data (the total mileage of MS monitoring is approximately 7 km, lasting for 482 days) are used to derive a reasonable scheme to control the rockburst risk of different intensities in twin TBM tunnels. First, the rockburst early warning effect of the two headrace tunnels of the Neelum–Jhelum hydropower station based on microseismic monitoring is analyzed. Second, based on highly accurate rockburst warning results, 94 rockburst risk control cases are applied to analyze the control effect of different control measures at different intensities of rockburst risk. Then, by combining factors such as the time cost and expense cost of different control measures, more reasonable control measures for different intensity rockburst risks are proposed: for slight rockburst risk, normal excavation is preferred; for moderate rockburst risk, horizontal destress boreholes are preferred; and for intense rockburst risk, a combination of measures of shortening daily advance and horizontal destress boreholes is preferred. The research results can provide a reference for other TBM excavation projects to carry out rockburst risk prevention and mitigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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16 pages, 19325 KiB  
Article
A Simple Approach for the Dynamic Analysis of a Circular Tapered Pile under Axial Harmonic Vibration
by Jing Hu, Wenbo Tu and Xiaoqiang Gu
Buildings 2023, 13(4), 999; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040999 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1661
Abstract
The tapered pile offers sustainable use of construction materials due to its higher axial and lateral capacity and better performance owing to its geometry. This paper develops a semi-analytical solution of the vertical dynamic impedance of the tapered pile based on the dynamic [...] Read more.
The tapered pile offers sustainable use of construction materials due to its higher axial and lateral capacity and better performance owing to its geometry. This paper develops a semi-analytical solution of the vertical dynamic impedance of the tapered pile based on the dynamic Winkler theory and transfer matrix method. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach are verified by comparing the impedance functions of cylindrical and tapered piles obtained from the analytical solution and finite element analysis. A parametric study is performed to investigate the influence of the taper angle on the vertical dynamic impedance and resonant frequency. The results reveal that the taper angle has a significant influence on the vertical dynamic impedance, while it does not affect the oscillation period of the dynamic impedance and the resonant frequency. Besides, the vibration performance of the tapered pile is better than that of a cylindrical pile with the same volume. For a fixed-volume tapered pile, varying the pile length while keeping the pile tip diameter constant yields a better dynamic impedance than varying the pile tip diameter while keeping the pile length constant. Finally, the vertical displacement amplitude of the tapered pile decreases as the taper angle increases, especially for high-frequency excitation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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20 pages, 2477 KiB  
Review
A Review of Evaluation Methods of Standards for Structural Vibration Serviceability under Crowd Walking
by Jiecheng Xiong, Zhihao Liu, Shuqian Duan and Hui Qian
Buildings 2024, 14(3), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030675 - 3 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1350
Abstract
Structures such as long-span footbridges, floors, and long cantilevers are vulnerable to vibration serviceability problems under crowd walking, which should be taken into consideration during the structural design, operation, and maintenance stages. Standards have been developed to enable designers to assess the vibration [...] Read more.
Structures such as long-span footbridges, floors, and long cantilevers are vulnerable to vibration serviceability problems under crowd walking, which should be taken into consideration during the structural design, operation, and maintenance stages. Standards have been developed to enable designers to assess the vibration serviceability of structures using simplified load models that simulate crowd-induced loading. To facilitate engineers in quickly selecting appropriate standards for vibration serviceability design, ten current standards were collected which deal with the assessment of structural vibration serviceability under walking loads, including the French “Assessment of vibrational behavior of footbridges under pedestrian loading” (2006), the German “Design of footbridges guideline” (2007), the Chinese “Technical standard for human comfort of the floor vibration” (2019), etc. The ten standards were reviewed and evaluated from three aspects including the crowd loading model, structural response calculation method, and vibration serviceability evaluation standard in this paper. Through summary and comparison between standards, three directions for future improvement and perfection of the standards were proposed: the challenges of the improvement of the standards focus on the establishment of the refined stochastic load model, the analysis of the crowd–structure coupling system, and the modelling of multifactor coupling serviceability evaluation indexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering)
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