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Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design
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Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2024) | Viewed by 15639

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jinsan Ju

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Guest Editor
College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, China
Interests: structural analysis
Dr. Tao Lan

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Guest Editor
China State Shipbuilding Corporation International Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100121, China
Interests: large-span heavy-duty steel structure; basic research on weather-resistant steel; box plate assembly building; double-layer composite shoulder beam; special building
Dr. Haosong Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Central Research Institute of Building and Construction Co., Ltd., MCC, Beijing 100088, China
Interests: steel structure; inspection and testing; repair and reinforcement; fatigue; durability
Dr. Yancheng Cai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Construction and Quality Management, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
Interests: 3D-printed (additive-manufactured) metal structures; connections and joints; modular structures; steel structures; structural stability; structural fire resistance and composite structures
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Wei Zhen

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Guest Editor
Beijing Institute of Architectural Design, Beijing, China
Interests: structural disaster prevention and reduction; seismic resistance of high-rise buildings; design of large span spatial structures; steel structures

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Large-span structures are widely used in many environments due to their remarkable architectural and structural function. Their structural benefits include their space arrangement, their light weight, and their better seismic resistance. The theory and practice of Lean Construction, including design and construction, posits that it is necessary to determine the precise structural performance of a large-span structure from the design to construction phase.

This Special Issue aims to promote the development of high-performance large-span structures, in the form of new shapes, new combinations of design and construction, and types of joints which create a wide range of possibilities.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Large-span structure performance;
  • Structure stability;
  • Progressive collapse;
  • Space structure construction;
  • Public building design;
  • Constructional mechanics;
  • Steel structure connection behavior;
  • Fracture and fatigue;
  • Impact or explosion.

Additionally, applications and case studies related to large-span structures are appreciated, e.g., new buildings, new structures, new computational methods, new construction skills, or the reinforcement of structures, or parts of them, such as high-rise buildings, etc. 

Experimental and numerical studies on steel structures, new models for current codes, and the static, dynamic, or seismic responses of these innovative steel structures will also be included in this Special Issue.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Jinsan Ju
Dr. Tao Lan
Dr. Haosong Chang
Dr. Yancheng Cai
Dr. Wei Zhen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • structure performance
  • stability
  • progressive collapse
  • joint
  • construction
  • fracture
  • impact

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (9 papers)

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26 pages, 3232 KiB  
Article
Analytical Formulation and Optimization of the Initial Morphology of Double-Layer Cable Truss Flexible Photovoltaic Supports
by Zenghui Di, Fei Wang, Hualong Yu, Xiang Dai, Bin Luo and Xin Liu
Buildings 2024, 14(8), 2549; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082549 - 19 Aug 2024
Viewed by 704
Abstract
With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, flexible photovoltaic supports are increasingly widely used. Parameters such as the deflection, span, and cross-sectional dimensions of cables are important factors affecting their mechanical and economic performance. Therefore, in order to reduce steel consumption and [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of the photovoltaic industry, flexible photovoltaic supports are increasingly widely used. Parameters such as the deflection, span, and cross-sectional dimensions of cables are important factors affecting their mechanical and economic performance. Therefore, in order to reduce steel consumption and cost and improve application value, it is crucial to design and optimize their initial morphology. In this paper, the mechanical behavior of a single-cable structure is introduced, and the simplified analytical formulations for internal force and displacement are deduced based on the geometric nonlinear characteristics and small strain assumption of the flexible photovoltaic supports. On this basis, the analytical expressions for the cable force and displacement of a convex prestressed double-layer cable truss flexible photovoltaic support structure under a uniform load are derived, and the correctness of the analytical formulations is verified by comparing the values with the finite element analysis results. In order to reduce the construction costs of the flexible photovoltaic support, a mathematical model for optimizing the initial structure’s morphology is established according to the analytical formulations. The initial morphology of the double-layer cable truss flexible photovoltaic support is optimized, and the optimization results of different deflection deformation limits and whether the lower load-bearing cable is allowed to relax are compared. The results indicate that the errors of the displacement formulation and cable force formulation, when compared with the finite element results, are less than 3% and 4%, respectively, which verifies the accuracy of the analytical formulations. By analyzing the cable force and displacement of the structure under static action, it is suggested that the deflection limit of the double-layer cable truss structure should be 1/100 of the single span. The lower load-bearing cables of the double-layer cable truss flexible photovoltaic support are highly susceptible to relaxation under wind suction loads, and, by comparing the optimization results, it is suggested that slack should be allowed in the lower load-bearing cables for a better economic effect. When choosing the most economical structure morphology, it is recommended that the total height of the mid-span struts should be 1/20~1/15 of the single span. The analytical formulation and the mathematical model for the optimization of the initial morphology proposed in this paper can provide certain theoretical references and bases for the design of practical engineering projects and play an important role in promoting its application and promotion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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16 pages, 6234 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Real-Time Monitoring of the Influence of Wind Load on a High-Altitude Steel Connecting Bridge with Small Spacing
by Xinye Wu, Shenghui Chen, Yixin Hu, Zhiwei Wang and Zhengke Li
Buildings 2024, 14(6), 1755; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061755 - 11 Jun 2024
Viewed by 647
Abstract
With the development of steel-structure construction technology in high-rise buildings, the design and construction of high-rise steel structures tend to be complicated. Based on the Zhuhai Tiejian Square project, the fluid-structure coupling calculation analysis and on-site monitoring are carried out in view of [...] Read more.
With the development of steel-structure construction technology in high-rise buildings, the design and construction of high-rise steel structures tend to be complicated. Based on the Zhuhai Tiejian Square project, the fluid-structure coupling calculation analysis and on-site monitoring are carried out in view of the wind load of the high-altitude steel-structure connecting bridge in the hoisting stage of the Zhuhai Tiejian Square project. The main structure of the project is four towers and five high-altitude, small-spacing steel structures connecting the four towers. The lifting process of the third zone is taken as the analysis object, and the hoisting idea of “low-altitude hoisting, overall lifting” is adopted. Because the span of the high-altitude steel-structure connecting bridge is small and the installation height is high, the influence of wind load on the hoisting process cannot be ignored. Therefore, the unidirectional fluid-structure coupling model of the high-altitude small-space steel-structure connecting bridge in the third zone was established by using CFD calculation software ANSYS Fluent 2022 R1, and the corresponding flow field and solid calculation results were obtained and analyzed. The analysis results show that the lifting structure still produces a certain deformation when the wind speed is 5 m/s or 10 m/s, and the calculation results show that the stress calculation results are still within the safe range of steel strength for the sensitivity of the lifting structure under wind load. With the increase of wind speed, the local maximum stress of the structure increases greatly, but the overall deformation remains stable, which indicates that the greatest challenge of hoisting steel structures under wind load may be the stability direction rather than the strength, so it is necessary to strictly monitor the displacement deformation of the structure during construction. Then, through the monitoring of the overall lifting process of the high-altitude, large-span, steel-connected structure of Zhuhai Tiejian Square from pre-lifting to formal lifting, real-time monitoring and data analysis show that the lifting process of the high-altitude steel bridge of Zhuhai Tiejian Square is safe and reliable, the force transformation of each component is reasonable, the lifting process is relatively stable, the external environment has little impact, and the expected monitoring effect has been achieved. The calculation simulation and on-site monitoring in this paper can provide theoretical and practical guidance for the construction safety under the influence of wind load in the construction process of high-altitude steel-structure hoisting, and provide an important reference value for similar projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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16 pages, 4785 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Elastic-Plastic Dynamic Artificial Boundary on the Progressive Collapse Performance of Truss Structures
by Jiawen Mao and Jinsan Ju
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010212 - 13 Jan 2024
Viewed by 897
Abstract
The traditional fixed boundary could not transmit the elastic-plastic stress waves in the progressive collapse analysis of the truss structures, leading to discrepancies in understanding the true response of structures. To solve the critical problem, a new dynamic artificial boundary is proposed and [...] Read more.
The traditional fixed boundary could not transmit the elastic-plastic stress waves in the progressive collapse analysis of the truss structures, leading to discrepancies in understanding the true response of structures. To solve the critical problem, a new dynamic artificial boundary is proposed and integrated into the truss structure to transmit elastic-plastic stress waves. The new dynamic artificial boundary is established through the integration of the elastic-plastic constitutive model into the governing equation of the stress wave. This boundary is subsequently implemented within the ABAQUS finite element software for the purpose of conducting progressive collapse analysis of the truss structures. The progressive collapse simulation of the truss structures involves a comparative analysis between the new dynamic artificial boundary and the traditional fixed boundary. Numerical analysis demonstrates that the dynamic artificial boundary led to varied initial failure and collapse compared to the fixed boundary. The failure typically occurs at the mid-span under the dynamic boundary. In contrast, additional failures occur near the support columns under the fixed boundary due to stress wave reflections. The dynamic artificial boundary more closely reflects the physical reality and provides a new method for the progressive collapse analysis of the truss structures in practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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12 pages, 7182 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Experiment on the Welding Temperature Field of Multi-Layer and Multi-Pass for RHS–RHS Y-Connections
by Zhaoru Yan, Feihong Zheng and Jinsan Ju
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 157; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010157 - 8 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 930
Abstract
The temperature measuring instrument was utilized to monitor the welding temperature field at designated points along steel rectangular hollow sections (RHSs) during welding. A total of 32 temperature monitoring points were established on the four surfaces of the RHS branch. Additionally, the welding [...] Read more.
The temperature measuring instrument was utilized to monitor the welding temperature field at designated points along steel rectangular hollow sections (RHSs) during welding. A total of 32 temperature monitoring points were established on the four surfaces of the RHS branch. Additionally, the welding process was simulated using finite element software to calculate the temperature distribution. The calculated temperature results were then compared with the experimental results obtained from the temperature measuring instrument. The relative errors between the numerical simulation and the experimental temperature results remained within 10%, indicating a reasonable agreement between the two. Once the temperature field was determined, it was used as an input load to calculate the welding residual stress. The longitudinal and transverse residual stresses were analyzed for two paths on the four surfaces of the RHS-to-RHS Y-shaped connection branch. By analyzing the residual stresses, it is possible to evaluate the structural integrity and performance of the welded RHS connection. The analysis process in this paper is crucial for ensuring the safety and reliability of tubular steel structure projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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14 pages, 6525 KiB  
Article
Comparison and Selection of Multiple Construction Schemes for the Large-Span and Heavy-Load Transfer Truss
by Tao Lan, Guangjie Xing, Guangchong Qin, Zexu Li and Ruixiang Gao
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 3056; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123056 - 8 Dec 2023
Viewed by 4260
Abstract
The main building of Zone II of Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory R&D Building adopts a steel frame–core tube shear wall structure system, with a 53.4 m large-span and heavy-load-transfer truss on the fourth floor. In order to propose the optimal construction and installation scheme [...] Read more.
The main building of Zone II of Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory R&D Building adopts a steel frame–core tube shear wall structure system, with a 53.4 m large-span and heavy-load-transfer truss on the fourth floor. In order to propose the optimal construction and installation scheme for the large-span and heavy-load-transfer truss, the simplified model, single model, and 3D model are utilized to compare Scheme 1 with rigid connection and Scheme 2 with elastic connection and rigid connection. After completing the construction of the underground layer and towers on both sides, in Scheme 1, the fourth-floor transfer truss is directly connected to the towers on both sides in a rigid manner. Subsequently, the support at the bottom of the transfer truss is removed, allowing for layer-by-layer construction. The transfer truss remains rigidly connected to both side towers throughout. On the other hand, in Scheme 2, initially, the transfer truss is connected to both side towers through upper chords and diagonal bars before being constructed upwards until reaching the sixth floor. Once formed as a whole with two floors above using large diagonal tie rods, lower chords of the large-span and heavy-load-transfer truss are then connected with another diagonal bar to establish a rigid connection between the transfer truss and towers; thereafter, upward construction continues. Following completion of constructing a seven-story large diagonal tie rod, whereupon removal of support at the bottom of the conversion truss occurs, subsequent layer-by-layer construction takes place accordingly. It has been observed that employing Scheme 2 can enhance stress distribution within core barrel shear walls as well as transfer trusses while ensuring deflection and stress levels meet requirements for the large-span and heavy-load-transfer truss, thereby rendering structural stress more rationalized, leading to significantly improved overall safety. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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17 pages, 10812 KiB  
Article
Analysis and Application of Double Steel Plate Concrete Composite Shear Wall in the R&D Building of Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory
by Tao Lan, Xiaopeng Wang, Yuansheng Cui, Xin Liu and Yong You
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 3055; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123055 - 8 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1450
Abstract
The R&D Building of Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory is a high-rise structure with multiple irregular items exceeding the specification limit, employing a steel frame-shear wall structural system. The outer frame consists of square steel tube concrete columns and solid-web steel beams, while the core [...] Read more.
The R&D Building of Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory is a high-rise structure with multiple irregular items exceeding the specification limit, employing a steel frame-shear wall structural system. The outer frame consists of square steel tube concrete columns and solid-web steel beams, while the core shear wall uses a double steel plate concrete composite shear wall. This paper employs the architectural structural calculation software YJK-EP to perform a dynamic elastic-plastic time-history analysis under rare earthquake action. The shear and bending resistance of the shear wall at the maximum shear force and bending moment are checked to meet the requirements of the “Technical Specifications for Concrete Structures of High-rise Buildings”. The maximum inter-story displacement angle meets the requirements of the “Code for Seismic Design of Buildings”. The double steel plate concrete composite shear wall Wall-1, connected to a large-span and heavy-load transfer truss, was verified under significant seismic action using the ABAQUS software. The results indicate that Wall-1 can meet the design target requirements under major earthquake conditions. Finally, a dynamic nonlinear analysis method was employed using MIDAS-GEN software to study the structure’s anti-progressive collapse performance. The results show that under seven different scenarios, the maximum rotational angle of the remaining structural horizontal members is 2.02°, far less than the limit set by GSA, indicating that a progressive collapse did not occur. In the scenario where the corner column is removed, both the maximum shear and bending moment values for Wall-1 are far below its shear and bending resistance capacities, satisfying the load-bearing requirements. The removal of the corner column has a significant impact on the displacement of the columns on the same level nearby, with the peak displacement change rate reaching 702.65%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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16 pages, 10670 KiB  
Article
Seismic Design of Large-Span, Heavy-Load Transfer Truss for Zhanjiang Bay R&D Building
by Tao Lan, Maobei Li, Ran Li, Chen Xue and Dongmei Liu
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 3054; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123054 - 8 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1747
Abstract
The Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory R&D Building project aims to create a favorable working, research, and living environment. Zone II of the Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory R&D Building is equipped with a large-span, heavy-load transfer truss to obtain a large space on the ground floor. [...] Read more.
The Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory R&D Building project aims to create a favorable working, research, and living environment. Zone II of the Zhanjiang Bay Laboratory R&D Building is equipped with a large-span, heavy-load transfer truss to obtain a large space on the ground floor. The overall structure adopts a steel frame-core tube structure system. In order to reduce the deflection of the large-span, heavy-load transfer truss, eight diagonal pull rods are installed between the large-span, heavy-load transfer truss and the core tube. The Q235 cross-shaped replacement section can consume construction load energy. Adopting replacement methods can reduce the stress and damage of diagonal pull rods caused by construction loads. The structure adopts a performance-based seismic design method for seismic calculation and analysis. In addition, a special analysis was conducted on the single frame structure. The major results can be summarized as follows: during small earthquakes, all structural components are in the elastic stage; during large earthquakes, frame beams yield first, but frame columns and core tubes do not yield; even without considering out-of-plane constraints, the structure can still meet the requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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30 pages, 10108 KiB  
Article
Research on the Mechanical Performance of a Mountainous Long-Span Steel Truss Arch Bridge with High and Low Arch Seats
by Yao Tan, Junfeng Shi, Peng Liu, Jun Tao and Yueyue Zhao
Buildings 2023, 13(12), 3037; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13123037 - 6 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2281
Abstract
The Loushui River Bridge is a mountainous long-span steel truss arch bridge with high and low arch seats. The design and construction of the bridge follow the principle of minimizing environmental damage and promoting sustainable development. In this article, the mechanical performance of [...] Read more.
The Loushui River Bridge is a mountainous long-span steel truss arch bridge with high and low arch seats. The design and construction of the bridge follow the principle of minimizing environmental damage and promoting sustainable development. In this article, the mechanical performance of this bridge is investigated experimentally and numerically at both the construction and operation stages. A series of validated finite element models were established for linear and nonlinear analyses by introducing geometric imperfections, geometric nonlinearities, and material nonlinearities. Then, several optimized models based on different types of design are compared with the original structure. The results indicate that the stability of the asymmetric bridge met the design requirements in both the construction and operation stages. However, the lateral stability and stiffness of the asymmetric bridge are weak due to the wind hazard that occurred in its mountain ravine. The out-of-plane instability from the short half-arch is the dominant failure mode, and the weakest area is where the arch ribs intersect with the bridge deck. It can be solved by adding more cross bracings without affecting the clearance above the bridge deck or by improving the material intensity of the arch. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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18 pages, 3205 KiB  
Essay
Aeolian Vibration Dynamic Analysis of Large-Span, Relaxed Antenna Cable Net Based on Finite Particle Method
by Kai Qin, Fan Zhao, Yaozhi Luo, Bin Fang and Shangyuan Chen
Buildings 2024, 14(1), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14010105 - 30 Dec 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1114
Abstract
The large-span, relaxed antenna network is a large deformation flexible structure due to its low pre-tension level of the wires. Its dynamic analysis under a wind load belongs to dynamic and geometric nonlinear problems, which is very complex to accurately calculate and solve. [...] Read more.
The large-span, relaxed antenna network is a large deformation flexible structure due to its low pre-tension level of the wires. Its dynamic analysis under a wind load belongs to dynamic and geometric nonlinear problems, which is very complex to accurately calculate and solve. This paper explores the possibility of the finite particle method (FPM) to the aeolian vibration analysis of a large-span, low stress-tensioned antenna cable net. In the FPM, the antenna network structure is discretized into a group of finite particles, where the motions of all particles follow Newton’s second law and can be solved dynamically using a central difference scheme. The effectiveness and applicability of the FPM were verified by comparing the calculation results of the finite element method and FPM. The FPM was used to study the effects of wind speed and the distribution of vibration on the aeolian vibration of antenna cable nets. The results showed that this method is suitable for studying the aeolian vibration of a large-span, low stress-tensioned antenna network and has high computational efficiency and accuracy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Large-Span Steel Structures and Architectural Design)
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