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Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience
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Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2022) | Viewed by 18120

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Weiping Wen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
Interests: earthquake engineering; urban resilience; digital twin; artificial intelligence; subway system; seismic risk
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Duofa Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
Interests: earthquake engineering; machine learning; ground motion simulation; seismic resilience; soil–structure interaction; site effect

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Urban resilience to strong earthquakes has become an interesting and hot topic in the last five years. The consequences of earthquakes are no longer satisfactory in today’s society: even if the main structures are safe and do not collapse after an earthquake, the functionality of the corresponding system is still severely affected, and seismic-related losses and social impacts are significant. With the development of performance-based earthquake engineering, artificial intelligence and digital twin, it appears that accurate assessment of urban resilience can be realized in the next 3–5 years. However, there are still several intrinsic problems to consider before applying the current method or framework.

This Special Issue, “Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience”, aims to bring together cutting-edge research advances in urban resilience assessment and enhancement. Resilience assessment and enhancement related to individual buildings and distributed engineering systems are the focus of this issue. Furthermore, novel methods or frameworks based on or using artificial intelligence or digital twin are particularly encouraged. This Special Issue welcomes original contributions containing fundamental research, case studies, opinion papers, and review articles on the following research topics:

  • City-scale ground motion simulation;
  • Seismic vulnerability assessment;
  • System interdependency analysis;
  • Functionality loss and recovery time evaluation;
  • Mathematic model of urban resilience;
  • Digital twin of building or engineering system;
  • Resilience enhancement strategies.

Dr. Weiping Wen
Dr. Duofa Ji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • earthquake engineering
  • urban resilience
  • infrastructure system
  • digital twin
  • machine learning
  • system interdependency
  • system functionality
  • ground motion simulation

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5728 KiB  
Article
Natural Vibration Characteristics Analysis of a High-Rise Reinforced Masonry Structure Based on Field Test Data
by Baofeng Zhou, Bo Liu, Xiaomin Wang, Jingchang Kong and Cong Zhang
Buildings 2022, 12(9), 1457; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12091457 - 15 Sep 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1543
Abstract
In structural response array observation, the vibration response of a structure during an earthquake or from the natural environment is recorded and stored using high-sensitivity strong motion seismographs, and the dynamic characteristics of the structure are analyzed and determined using random signal data [...] Read more.
In structural response array observation, the vibration response of a structure during an earthquake or from the natural environment is recorded and stored using high-sensitivity strong motion seismographs, and the dynamic characteristics of the structure are analyzed and determined using random signal data processing technology. Due to the use of field test data for analysis, this may be the most accurate and effective way to obtain the actual characteristics of the structure, which can be further used to verify the accuracy of theoretical analysis, experimental results, and numerical simulations. Therefore, this technique plays an important role in earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, with the application of strong motion observation data. In this paper, field vibration tests were performed on the highest reinforced masonry structure in China. With the test environmental vibration data, the natural vibration frequency values and mode shapes of the structure were identified using the peak picking method. A numerical modal analysis was then performed to verify the accuracy of the field test results. In addition, the structural response records obtained during an earthquakes in Songyuan were also used to identify the natural vibration frequency of the structure and the changes in the natural vibration frequency before, during, and after the earthquake. The results showed that the structure was not damaged during the earthquake and remained in an elastic state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience)
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17 pages, 3130 KiB  
Article
Fragility Functions for Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Multiscale Approach for Earthquake Damage Criteria
by Julia Kohns, Lothar Stempniewski and Alexander Stark
Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1253; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081253 - 16 Aug 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3044
Abstract
For seismic risk analysis, reliable predictions and estimations of earthquake damage and seismic behaviour of buildings are essential. A common method is the use of fragility curves. In this paper, fragility functions are developed based on various numerical damage criteria for five defined [...] Read more.
For seismic risk analysis, reliable predictions and estimations of earthquake damage and seismic behaviour of buildings are essential. A common method is the use of fragility curves. In this paper, fragility functions are developed based on various numerical damage criteria for five defined damage grades, from slight to destruction. The proposed new multiscale approach establishes a correlation between observed damage patterns due to foreign earthquakes and the seismic response of the building using thresholds for material-specific and global characteristics. This approach takes into account various possible damage patterns on different scales more comprehensively than the well-known approach of displacement criteria. Moreover, the approach is universal and adaptable for building classes as well as region-specific material and system characteristics. Several damage criteria with their defined limit values are assigned to the five proposed damage grades, whereby quantity and distribution of the exceeded criteria are relevant, since the first occurrence does not always lead to damage. With the new approach, damages that are not evident in the pushover curve in terms of strength degradation can be detected and taken into account for the damage thresholds. The derived displacement values associated with the damage levels are the basis for developing fragility functions. The results—damage criteria, pushover curves with damage grades, capacity curves as well as fragility functions and parameters—are presented for a four-storey reinforced concrete frame building. These results are discussed and validated with data from the literature. Comparisons to existing fragility functions in the literature show that our developed fragility functions are mostly located in the middle range, graphically as well as for the curve parameters. This specific example was chosen to present our multiscale approach, but for general building classes, numerous simulations with varying characteristics are essential and result in a higher standard deviation of the final fragility curves. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience)
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11 pages, 3152 KiB  
Article
The Influence of the Flexural Strength Ratio of Columns to Beams on the Collapse Capacity of RC Frame Structures
by Maosheng Gong, Bo Liu, Zhanxuan Zuo, Jing Sun and Hao Zhang
Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1219; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081219 - 12 Aug 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1901
Abstract
Reinforced concrete (RC) frames are designed based on the strong column-weak beam (SCWB) philosophy to reduce structural damage and collapse during earthquakes. The SCWB design philosophy is ensured by the required minimum flexural strength ratio of columns to beams (FSRCB) in the seismic [...] Read more.
Reinforced concrete (RC) frames are designed based on the strong column-weak beam (SCWB) philosophy to reduce structural damage and collapse during earthquakes. The SCWB design philosophy is ensured by the required minimum flexural strength ratio of columns to beams (FSRCB) in the seismic code. Quantifying the relationship between the FSRCB and the collapse capacity of the frames may facilitate the efficient assessment of the seismic performance of the existing or newly designed RC frames. This paper investigates the influence of different FSRCBs on the collapse capacity of three- and nine-story RC frames designed according to Chinese seismic codes. The results show that the collapse capacities of the RC frames can be efficiently improved by increasing the FSRCB, and the collapse capacities of frames with FSRCB = 2.0 are improved by approximately 1.6–2.0 times compared with those of the frames with FSRCB = 1.2. Compared with the middle- or high-rise (nine-story) frames, it is more efficient to improve the collapse capacity for low-rise (three-story) frames by increasing the value of CBFSR. The logarithmic standard deviation of the collapse capacity of the RC frames designed according to the Chinese seismic codes ranges from 0.5–0.9, which is larger than the proposed maximum logarithmic standard deviation (0.4) in FEMA P695. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience)
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16 pages, 1934 KiB  
Article
Seismic Performance Target and Fragility of Masonry Infilled RC Frames under In-Plane Loading
by Chunhui Liu, Bo Liu, Xiaomin Wang, Jingchang Kong and Yuan Gao
Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081175 - 6 Aug 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1897
Abstract
Masonry infilled RC frames are one of the most common structural forms, the damage of which, in earthquake events, usually cause serious losses. The determination of the seismic performance target is the key foundation of performance-based seismic evaluation and design for masonry infilled [...] Read more.
Masonry infilled RC frames are one of the most common structural forms, the damage of which, in earthquake events, usually cause serious losses. The determination of the seismic performance target is the key foundation of performance-based seismic evaluation and design for masonry infilled RC frames. In this paper, an extensive database of experimental tests on infilled RC frames loaded in an in-plane direction is collated. According to the crack propagation and elastic-plastic characteristics of infilled RC frames, the damage process is divided into four stages, and then the criteria of the damage states (DS) are proposed. In addition, the seismic performance targets expressed as inter-story drift ratio (IDR) for the four stages are suggested, which would support the performance-based in-plane seismic analysis of infilled RC frames. Finally, the proposed in-plane seismic performance target is utilized to analyze the fragility of two masonry infilled RC frame structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience)
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9 pages, 2578 KiB  
Article
Mann–Kendall-Based Concrete Failure Trend Analysis and Its Implementation for Dynamic Building Monitoring
by Xu Yang and Xueying Han
Buildings 2022, 12(8), 1165; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081165 - 4 Aug 2022
Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Analyzing monitoring data efficiently is a classic problem in structural health monitoring. A nonparametric test method, the Mann–Kendall (MK) method, was implemented in this study, which is commonly used to detect monotonic trends in a series of environmental data. Using the MK method, [...] Read more.
Analyzing monitoring data efficiently is a classic problem in structural health monitoring. A nonparametric test method, the Mann–Kendall (MK) method, was implemented in this study, which is commonly used to detect monotonic trends in a series of environmental data. Using the MK method, three types of time series were studied: the stress time series measured in the concrete prism compression test, the resultant force time series obtained from the pseudostatic test of a reinforced masonry shear wall, and the translation velocity time series detected in a high-rise building. The statistics calculated, as well as the intersections of curves, indicate the trend change in the time series. The results demonstrated that the MK method could efficiently analyze the trend in the engineering time series. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience)
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29 pages, 13737 KiB  
Article
Response Modification Factors for Multi-Span Reinforced Concrete Bridges in Pakistan
by Muhammad Jamal Butt, Muhammad Waseem, Muhammad Ali Sikandar, Bakht Zamin, Mahmood Ahmad and Mohanad Muayad Sabri Sabri
Buildings 2022, 12(7), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12070921 - 29 Jun 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3602
Abstract
In Pakistan, updated codes covering seismic provisions for reinforced concrete bridges do not exist. The majority of the bridge design uses different versions of AASTHO-LRFD provisions. Response modification factors recommended for usage in these codes are primarily for bridges derived from conditions and [...] Read more.
In Pakistan, updated codes covering seismic provisions for reinforced concrete bridges do not exist. The majority of the bridge design uses different versions of AASTHO-LRFD provisions. Response modification factors recommended for usage in these codes are primarily for bridges derived from conditions and bridges in the United States of America. This research focuses on the seismic assessment of three real multi-spans simply supported reinforced concrete bridges in Pakistan having multiple bents. This typology of bridges is very common in Pakistan. Non-linear static pushover analysis is performed to derive seismic capacity curves for these bridges, which were used to compute response modification factors. The study results show that response modification factors vary between 4.50 and 5.0 for the bridges in the longitudinal and transverse directions. The results of this work may serve as input in developing the seismic design code of bridges in Pakistan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience)
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18 pages, 5637 KiB  
Article
A Brief Method for Rapid Seismic Damage Prediction of Buildings Based on Structural Strength
by Siwei Zhang, Yide Liu and Shuang Li
Buildings 2022, 12(6), 783; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060783 - 7 Jun 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3090
Abstract
Rapid prediction of the post-earthquake structural damage to a region is of great importance to community relief and rescue. Detailed information on buildings in earthquake disaster areas is commonly inaccessible in the aftermath of an earthquake. Accurately assessing the seismic damage to urban [...] Read more.
Rapid prediction of the post-earthquake structural damage to a region is of great importance to community relief and rescue. Detailed information on buildings in earthquake disaster areas is commonly inaccessible in the aftermath of an earthquake. Accurately assessing the seismic damage to urban buildings using limited information is significant. This study proposes a design-strength-based method for regional seismic structural damage prediction based on structural strength. Only a few basic attributes of buildings are required, including the basic building plan size, building height, construction time, and structural type. Theoretically, the method is very brief, and can be applied to all types of structures, including irregular ones, compared with other commonly used regional seismic damage prediction methods. The proposed method is validated with acceptable accuracy and efficiency compared with the refined finite element (FE) model analysis and simplified model analysis. The proposed seismic structural damage prediction method was applied to a university campus, which can serve as a simple reference for community earthquake resistance evaluation and improvement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Earthquake Engineering and Urban Resilience)
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