Energies

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17 pages, 14192 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Potential Energy Recovery and Direct Reuse System of Hydraulic Hybrid Excavators Based on the Digital Pump

by Daling Yue, Hongfei Gao, Zengguang Liu, Liejiang Wei, Yinshui Liu and Xiukun Zuo

Energies 2023, 16(13), 5229; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16135229 - 7 Jul 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1747

Abstract

The potential energy recovery of hydraulic excavators is very significant for improving energy efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. However, the more common solutions for potential energy recovery require more energy conversion processes before these potential energies can be reused, which adds to the [...] Read more.

The potential energy recovery of hydraulic excavators is very significant for improving energy efficiency and reducing pollutant emissions. However, the more common solutions for potential energy recovery require more energy conversion processes before these potential energies can be reused, which adds to the complexity and high cost of the system. To tackle the above challenges, we proposed a novel energy recovery system for hydraulic hybrid excavators based on the digital pump with an energy recovery function. The new system could operate in three different modes: pump, energy recovery, and direct reuse. Based on the descriptions of the working principle of the digital pump and the whole energy recovery system, the mathematical models of the digital pump, the excavator arm cylinder, and the accumulator were established and the AMESim simulation model (combining mechanics, hydraulics, and electrics) was developed. The dynamic characteristics of the energy recovery system were studied under no-load and full-load conditions. The simulation results showed that this scheme could achieve 86% energy recovery when the boom was lowered and reused the recovered energy directly when raised, which could decrease the system input energy by 78.1%. This paper can provide an optimized solution for construction machinery or off-road vehicles and presents a reference for the research on digital hydraulics. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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28 pages, 8619 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Gear Pump’s Acoustic Properties Taking into Account the Classification of Induction Trees

by Piotr Osiński, Adam Deptuła and Anna M. Deptuła

Energies 2023, 16(11), 4460; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16114460 - 31 May 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1172

Abstract

This paper presents an analysis of selected acoustic properties of gear pumps. For this purpose, the characteristics of selected types of displacement pumps—gear pumps—are discussed, as well as discrete methods of identification and classification of acoustic signals. The basic assumptions of noise analysis [...] Read more.

This paper presents an analysis of selected acoustic properties of gear pumps. For this purpose, the characteristics of selected types of displacement pumps—gear pumps—are discussed, as well as discrete methods of identification and classification of acoustic signals. The basic assumptions of noise analysis in reverberation chambers are discussed, and an analysis of the distribution of measurement points using decision trees and statistical analysis of measured noise levels was conducted. The object for the conducted research was a gear pump with a undercut tooth profile developed by Wytwórnia Pomp Zębatych Sp. z o.o. in Wrocław. Our own research indicates that the acoustic performance of gear units depends on a number of factors, including, in particular, the technology and quality of manufacture and the geometric parameters of the toothing. The aim of the analyses presented in this paper was to determine which of the microphones has the most important impact on the level of determined measured noise generated in the acoustic chamber. The paper presents an analysis aimed at ranking the importance of eight measurement points in which the microphones are located. To this end, induction trees were developed, and a statistical analysis of the measurement results obtained for selected frequency and sound pressure ranges was prepared. The analysis made it possible to optimize the arrangement of microphones in the chamber without unnecessary analysis of each of the microphones separately. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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10 pages, 4038 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Design of a 2 DoF Planar Parallel Manipulator with an Electro-Pneumatic Servo-Drive—Part 2

by Jakub Takosoglu, Urszula Janus-Galkiewicz and Jaroslaw Galkiewicz

Energies 2023, 16(7), 2970; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16072970 - 24 Mar 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1553

Abstract

This paper is the second part of the study of a planar manipulator and this section presents the construction of a prototype manipulator. A fuzzy control system for the manipulator is described in detail. An experimental study was carried out on the positioning [...] Read more.

This paper is the second part of the study of a planar manipulator and this section presents the construction of a prototype manipulator. A fuzzy control system for the manipulator is described in detail. An experimental study was carried out on the positioning of the end effector of the manipulator and a program written in the Delphi 6 environment was proposed to calculate the position. Prototype tests were performed for transpose and follow-up control. Based on the experimental results, a control quality analysis was carried out. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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10 pages, 2463 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Sensitivity Analysis of the Complex Dynamics of an Expansion Process in Low-Pressure Compressed Air for an Electrical Energy Storage System

by Jacek Leszczyński, Jan Markowski, Dominik Gryboś and Yoshihide Suwa

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2310; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052310 - 28 Feb 2023

Viewed by 1297

Abstract

This study presents the research and development possibilities of an expander for compressed air energy storage systems (CAES). The computer simulations made by the authors aim to find the optimal working parameters of the piston engine. The criteria for evaluating engine operation and [...] Read more.

This study presents the research and development possibilities of an expander for compressed air energy storage systems (CAES). The computer simulations made by the authors aim to find the optimal working parameters of the piston engine. The criteria for evaluating engine operation and the objects of analysis are the compressed air engine system’s efficiency and the electrical power output. Sensitivity analysis was performed on well-suited system parameters and geometrical sizes of the energy utilisation element. Appropriate selection achieves not only higher efficiency but also allows the system to be scaled to the end-user’s needs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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16 pages, 5569 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Design of a 2-DoF Planar Parallel Manipulator with an Electro-Pneumatic Servo-Drive

by Jakub Takosoglu, Urszula Janus-Galkiewicz and Jarosław Galkiewicz

Energies 2022, 15(22), 8482; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228482 - 13 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1939

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a planar parallel manipulator with a pneumatic drive. Such manipulators are used in production lines for sorting, selecting, packing, and palletizing workpieces. This paper presents simulation studies of the designed manipulator in Matlab/Simulink software and using the [...] Read more.

This paper presents the design of a planar parallel manipulator with a pneumatic drive. Such manipulators are used in production lines for sorting, selecting, packing, and palletizing workpieces. This paper presents simulation studies of the designed manipulator in Matlab/Simulink software and using the SimMechanics library. A simple kinematics problem and an inverse kinematics problem were solved in order to carry out simulation studies of the designed manipulator. Simulation studies were also carried out on the dynamics of the manipulator using a mathematical model describing the physical phenomena occurring during the operation of the manipulator’s electro-pneumatic servo-drives. The main objective of the simulation study was to determine the manipulator working space and the possibility of positional control of the manipulator end-effector using a fuzzy logic controller. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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24 pages, 7395 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Concept of Using an Expert System and Multi-Valued Logic Trees to Assess the Energy Consumption of an Electric Car in Selected Driving Cycles

by Adam Deptuła, Andrzej Augustynowicz, Michał Stosiak, Krzysztof Towarnicki and Mykola Karpenko

Energies 2022, 15(13), 4631; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134631 - 24 Jun 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1774

Abstract

This paper presents the concept of an expert system supporting the decision-making process of rational energy consumption by an electric car. The driving style and the average speed achieved are very important in terms of the driving range. In addition, the influence of [...] Read more.

This paper presents the concept of an expert system supporting the decision-making process of rational energy consumption by an electric car. The driving style and the average speed achieved are very important in terms of the driving range. In addition, the influence of ambient temperature on the efficiency of the electric vehicle and ultimately on energy consumption is very important. The proposed system, based on the method of multi-valued logic trees, allows minimizing the objective function, which is aimed at minimizing the energy consumption of an electric car at different ambient temperatures. The generated decisions, directed to the energy management system, can be processed in a variety of temporal and situational dimensions. The application of the system can also provide prompts to the driver on how to adjust the driving style by operating the accelerator and brake pedal. The expert system is an open system, allowing for further generalizations and modifications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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Review

Jump to: Research, Other

37 pages, 8245 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review of Compressed Air Receiver Tanks for Improved Energy Efficiency of Various Pneumatic Systems

by Ryszard Dindorf, Jakub Takosoglu and Piotr Wos

Energies 2023, 16(10), 4153; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16104153 - 17 May 2023

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 4371

Abstract

This review examines compressed air receiver tanks (CARTs) for the improved energy efficiency of various pneumatic systems such as compressed air systems (CAS), compressed air energy storage systems (CAESs), pneumatic propulsion systems (PPSs), pneumatic drive systems (PDSs), pneumatic servo drives (PSDs), pneumatic brake [...] Read more.

This review examines compressed air receiver tanks (CARTs) for the improved energy efficiency of various pneumatic systems such as compressed air systems (CAS), compressed air energy storage systems (CAESs), pneumatic propulsion systems (PPSs), pneumatic drive systems (PDSs), pneumatic servo drives (PSDs), pneumatic brake systems (PBSs), and compressed air vehicles (CAVs). The basic formulas and energy efficiency indicators used in a CART calculation and selection are included. New scientific research by the authors on measurements based on tank methods, numerical solutions in the process of charging and discharging, the valve-to-tank-to-valve system and pneumatic propulsion system was presented. The numerical model of the valve-tank-valve system takes into account CART polytropic charging and discharging processes, the mass flow balance equation, and the sound (choked) and subsonic mass flow rate in the inlet and outlet valves. Future research directions to improve the energy efficiency of a CART charging and discharge are highlighted. The effective density of energy storage in CART was compared to that of other renewable energy sources and other fuels. Economic and environmental issues were also considered by adopting various energy performance indicators. The discussion also focused on the design concept and computational model of the hybrid tricycle bike (HTB) pneumatic propulsion system. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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Other

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24 pages, 2173 KiB

Open AccessProject Report

A Method of Determining Optimal Parameters for the Secondary Energy Source of a Multisource Hydrostatic Drive System in Machines Working in Closed Spaces

by Krzysztof Kędzia

Energies 2022, 15(14), 5132; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15145132 - 14 Jul 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1558

Abstract

What benefits, from the point of view of the energy and ecological performance of a multisource drive system, can be gained for a particular control criterion through the use of appropriate secondary energy source parameters (accumulator volume

V_{g}

and initial gas pressure [...] Read more.

What benefits, from the point of view of the energy and ecological performance of a multisource drive system, can be gained for a particular control criterion through the use of appropriate secondary energy source parameters (accumulator volume

V_{g}

and initial gas pressure

p_{g}

) for a given work cycle of a machine working in closed spaces? This paper describes a method of determining energy and ecological efficiency for a selected multisource drive system control criterion and presents potential benefits resulting from a proper choice of secondary energy source parameters for a selected control criterion. Using, as an example, a multisource hydrostatic drive system with a combustion engine as the primary energy source, the energy consumption and the ecological parameters (nitrogen oxides

N O_{x}

emissions, carbon monoxide

C O

emissions and opacity

D Y M

) were analysed for selected work cycles and different hydraulic accumulator parameters, i.e., initial gas pressure (

p_{g}

) and accumulator volume (

V_{g}

). The investigations showed that the optimal parameters for the secondary energy source for energy performance criteria are different from those for the ecological criteria. It can be concluded that when a bank of accumulators is used, it will be possible to select a secondary energy source capacity that is optimal for the given work cycle, thereby improving the energy balance or the ecological balance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Fluid Power and Mechatronics)

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