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Energies
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Frequency Regulation in Low-Inertia Renewable-Energy-Dominated Grid II
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Frequency Regulation in Low-Inertia Renewable-Energy-Dominated Grid II

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 19 March 2025 | Viewed by 3699

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Wajiha Shireen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering Technology & Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-4021, USA
Interests: power quality issues; design and development of active power filters; DSP-based control for utility interactive inverters and AC motor drives; converters for distributed energy sources; fuel cells, solar/wind energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Frequency Regulation in Low-Inertia Renewable-Energy-Dominated Grid”. The inertia of the future power grid is expected to be much lower than that of the present system due to a higher share of renewable energy sources. With less mechanical inertia, the disturbances caused by a power mismatch between generation and demand will result in faster and larger frequency deviations.

This Special Issue invites papers with novel and efficient methods for the fast regulation of frequency in the event of a transient. Related to the above subject area, topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to:

  • Control method of power electronics;
  • Optimal operation of renewable energy;
  • Energy storage systems;
  • Virtual synchronous generator;
  • Energy management;
  • Power system frequency stability.

Prof. Dr. Wajiha Shireen
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • control method of power electronics
  • optimal operation of renewable energy
  • energy storage systems
  • virtual synchronous generator
  • energy management
  • power system frequency stability

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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29 pages, 9554 KiB  
Article
Impact of a Redox Flow Battery on the Frequency Stability of a Five-Area System Integrated with Renewable Sources
by Narendra Kumar Jena, Subhadra Sahoo, Binod Kumar Sahu, Amiya Kumar Naik, Mohit Bajaj, Stanislav Misak, Vojtech Blazek and Lukas Prokop
Energies 2023, 16(14), 5540; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16145540 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1734
Abstract
Energy storage devices are imperative to damp out the oscillations caused by sudden magnified disturbances occurring in a power system. The presence of a small rating of storage device in each area can alleviate the system oscillations effectively. Therefore, in this work, redox [...] Read more.
Energy storage devices are imperative to damp out the oscillations caused by sudden magnified disturbances occurring in a power system. The presence of a small rating of storage device in each area can alleviate the system oscillations effectively. Therefore, in this work, redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been integrated in each area of a five-area interconnected system for effective load frequency control (LFC). The RFB pumps up the active power into the system quickly to meet the short-time overload; in turn, the efficacy of the LFC in the system is boosted. Despite the presence of the RFB in the power system, a secondary controller is necessary to quench the deviation of frequency and tie-line power caused by the power mismatch between demand and generation. In this perspective, a cascade controller incorporated with a fractional operator (FO) has been endorsed and designed through a nascent selfish herd optimizer technique to evaluate the transient response of the system. Besides this, the unprecedented performance of fractional-order cascade controllers has been compared with one-stage classical controllers with and without a fractional operator. Further, the robustness of the proposed controller has been inspected through subjecting it to a random load in the presence/absence of an RFB and parametric variation. Finally, the proposed model has been simulated in the OPAL-RT-4510 platform to validate the performance of the proposed controller that has produced in the MATLAB environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frequency Regulation in Low-Inertia Renewable-Energy-Dominated Grid II)
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Review

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25 pages, 3319 KiB  
Review
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Energy: A Review on Fault Ride Through Techniques for MMC-HVDC Systems
by Dileep Kumar, Wajiha Shireen and Nanik Ram
Energies 2024, 17(21), 5308; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17215308 - 25 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1387
Abstract
Over the past few decades, wind energy has expanded to become a widespread, clean, and sustainable energy source. However, integrating offshore wind energy with the onshore AC grids presents many stability and control challenges that hinder the reliability and resilience of AC grids, [...] Read more.
Over the past few decades, wind energy has expanded to become a widespread, clean, and sustainable energy source. However, integrating offshore wind energy with the onshore AC grids presents many stability and control challenges that hinder the reliability and resilience of AC grids, particularly during faults. To address this issue, current grid codes require offshore wind farms (OWFs) to remain connected during and after faults. This requirement is challenging because, depending on the fault location and power flow direction, DC link over- or under-voltage can occur, potentially leading to the shutdown of converter stations. Therefore, this necessitates the proper understanding of key technical concepts associated with the integration of OWFs. To help fill the gap, this article performs an in-depth investigation of existing alternating current fault ride through (ACFRT) techniques of modular multilevel converter-based high-voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) for OWFs. These techniques include the use of AC/DC choppers, flywheel energy storage devices (FESDs), power reduction strategies for OWFs, and energy optimization of the MMC. This article covers both scenarios of onshore and offshore AC faults. Given the importance of wind turbines (WTs) in transforming wind energy into mechanical energy, this article also presents an overview of four WT topologies. In addition, this article explores the advanced converter topologies employed in HVDC systems to transform three-phase AC voltages to DC voltages and vice versa at each terminal of the DC link. Finally, this article explores the key stability and control concepts, such as small signal stability and large disturbance stability, followed by future research trends in the development of converter topologies for HVDC transmission such as hybrid HVDC systems, which combine current source converters (CSCs) and voltage source converters (VSCs) and diode rectifier-based HVDC (DR-HVDC) systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Frequency Regulation in Low-Inertia Renewable-Energy-Dominated Grid II)
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