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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2021) | Viewed by 29443

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Dr. Rukmi Dutta

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Guest Editor

School of Electrical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Interests: electric machines and drive systems; electric and hybrid electric vehicles; renewable energy; wireless power transfer; electromagnetics; power electronic

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sustainable industrial growth with due consideration to the environment is the driving force behind the several emerging trends in the industrial world. Among these trends, electrification of various traditionally inefficient systems is at the forefront. Many of these emerging applications have highly demanding performance requirements from the electric machines and drive systems. This Special Issue invites articles that address the recent advancements, technical challenges impeding advancement and novel solutions to these issues. The emerging applications include but are not limited to electrification of transport, heavy machineries and industrial processes. Articles which deal with the latest hot topics in machines and drives are particularly encouraged, such as permanent-magnet (PM) machines, magnet-free machines, bearing-less machines, high-speed machines, low-speed/high-torque machines, high-temperature superconducting (HTS) machines, direct-drive machines and their drive systems for torque, speed position control using advanced techniques. In addition, articles which discuss overcoming the design challenges using advanced optimisation leading to novel topologies and control techniques would be of particular interest.

Dr. Rukmi Dutta
Guest Editor

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Keywords

transport electrification
PM synchronous machine
magnet-free machines
bearing-less machines
high-speed machines
direct-drive machines
sensorless control
model predictive control
direct torque control
electric machines and drives in energy storage

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 2158 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Parameter Independent Stator Current Space-Vector Reference Frame-Based Sensorless IPMSM Drive Using Sliding Mode Control

by Mohammadreza Moradian, Jafar Soltani, Mohamed Benbouzid and Abbas Najjar-Khodabakhsh

Energies 2021, 14(9), 2365; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14092365 - 22 Apr 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1852

Abstract

In this paper, a sliding mode control is presented for direct torque and stator flux control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor in a rotor speed sensorless drive system. The control scheme is developed in a specific synchronous rotating reference frame (X-Y) in which the stator current space vector coincides with the direct (X) axis. For this control technique no need to have any knowledge of machine parameters such as stator two-axis inductances, rotor permanent magnets flux linkage, and even the rotor initial position. However, the on-line actual stator resistance value is required to estimate the stator flux components in the stator stationary two-axis reference frame. In this control strategy, two simple methods are described for estimating the rotor speed and stator resistance. Some simulation and experimental results are presented to support the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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15 pages, 2757 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Fractional-Order Calculus to Improve the Mathematical Model of a Two-Mass System with a Long Shaft

by Andriy Lozynskyy, Andriy Chaban, Tomasz Perzyński, Andrzej Szafraniec and Lidiia Kasha

Energies 2021, 14(7), 1854; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14071854 - 26 Mar 2021

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 2651

Abstract

Based on the general theory of fractional order derivatives and integrals, application of the Caputo–Fabrizio operator is analyzed to improve a mathematical model of a two-mass system with a long shaft and concentrated parameters. Thus, the real transmission of complex electric drives, which consist of long shafts with a sufficient degree of adequacy, is presented as a two-mass system. Such a system is described by ordinary fractional order differential equations. In addition, it is well known that an elastic mechanical wave, propagating along a drive transmission with a long stiff shaft, creates a retardation effect on distribution of the time–space angular velocity, the rotation angle of the shaft, and its elastic moment. The approach proposed in the current work helps to take in account the moving elastic wave along the shaft of electric drive mechanism. On this basis, it is demonstrated that the use of the fractional order integrator in the model for the elastic moment enables it to reproduce real transient processes in the joint coordinates of the system. It also provides an accuracy equivalent to the model with distributed parameters. The distance between the traditional model and the model in which the fractional integral is used for the elastic moment modelling in a two-mass system, with a long shaft, is analyzed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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14 pages, 6249 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Control Comparison for the Coordinate Transformation of an Asymmetric Dual Three Phase Synchronous Motor in Healthy and Single-Phase Open Fault States

by Dong-Kyun Son, Soon-Ho Kwon, Dong-Ok Kim, Hee-Sue Song and Geun-Ho Lee

Energies 2021, 14(6), 1735; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14061735 - 21 Mar 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2447

Abstract

The coordinate transformation method of asymmetric dual three phase synchronous motor (ADTP-SM) is a Double dq transform using two dq-axes and a vector space decomposition (VSD) model method using the orthogonality of ADTP-SM. There are several studies comparing the two methods in a healthy state, but few in a single-phase open fault state. In the healthy, when the VSD model is applied, different harmonic orders of the phase current are projected onto the dq and xy-axes (the axis for controlling harmonics of the phase current), and the two-axes are orthogonal, so it can be controlled stably. In the single-phase open fault state, the same current control logic as in the healthy situation is applied. When applying the Double dq transform, the dq-axis of the fault set fluctuates, and it affects the healthy set, so it cannot be controlled stably. When applying the VSD model, if both the dq-axis and the xy-axis are controlled, the two coordinate systems do not have orthogonality and cannot be stably controlled, due to mutual interference. However, if only the dq-axis is controlled, it can be controlled stably because there is no Cartesian coordinate system other than the dq-axis. In the healthy state and single-phase open fault state, the equation is verified through experiments and simulations, and the control stability according to the coordinate transformation is compared. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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23 pages, 19240 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Moment of Inertia Identification Strategy for Permanent Magnet Motor System Based on Integral Chain Differentiator and Kalman Filter

by Chenchen Jing, Yan Yan, Shiyu Lin, Le Gao, Zhixin Wang and Tingna Shi

Energies 2021, 14(1), 166; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14010166 - 30 Dec 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2350

Abstract

In a motor control system, the parameters tuning of speed and position controller depend on the value of the moment of inertia. A new moment of inertia identification scheme for permanent magnet motor system was proposed in this paper. This is an extension of the existing acceleration deceleration methods, which solves the large moment of inertia identification error caused by variable angular acceleration, large calculation error of inertia torque, and large measurement noise in the acceleration process. Based on the fact that the angular acceleration is not constant and the sampling signal is noisy, the integral chain differentiator was used to calculate the instantaneous angular acceleration at any time and suppress the sampling signal noise at the same time. The error function with instantaneous angular acceleration and inertia torque as parameters was designed to estimate the moment of inertia. In order to calculate the inertia torque accurately, viscous friction torque was considered in the calculation of inertia torque, and Kalman filter was used to estimate the total load torque to solve the problem of under rank of motor motion equation. Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed method could effectively identify the moment of inertia in both noisy and noiseless environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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16 pages, 5996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Torque Ripple of a Spoke-Type Interior Permanent Magnet Machine

by Guoyu Chu, Rukmi Dutta, Alireza Pouramin and Muhammed Fazlur Rahman

Energies 2020, 13(11), 2886; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112886 - 5 Jun 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4097

Abstract

This paper investigates the theoretical reasons behind the low torque ripple of a fractional-slot concentrated-winding (FSCW) spoke-type interior permanent-magnet (IPM) machine obtained via a genetic algorithm-based optimization. To better understand the torque performance of the IPMM, this paper uses the frozen permeability method to segregate the overall torque into four components—magnet torque, reluctance torque, cogging torque, and the torque caused by cross-magnetization. Equations and detailed procedures of the torque separation method are discussed in the paper. Analysis of the separated torque components reveals that the counteraction between ripples of different torques leads to the low torque ripple. At high-load conditions, the magnetic saturation alters the torque ripples caused by cross-magnetization to offset ripples of other components resulting in minimization of the overall torque ripple. A detailed parametric analysis of the geometric parameters was carried out to understand their effect in producing minimum torque ripple in the optimized design. In the end, a prototype was built and used for the verification of the torque separation method and the analytical findings based on it. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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23 pages, 13234 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Performance Analysis of Speed-Sensorless Induction Motor Drive Using Discrete Current-Error Based MRAS Estimators

by Teresa Orlowska-Kowalska, Mateusz Korzonek and Grzegorz Tarchala

Energies 2020, 13(10), 2595; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13102595 - 20 May 2020

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2176

Abstract

In the literature on sensorless control of induction motors, many algorithms have been presented for rotor flux and speed estimation. However, all these algorithms have been developed in the continuous–time domain. The digital realization of the control systems, requires the implementation of those estimation methods in a discrete–time domain. The main goal of this article is comparison of the impact of different numerical integration methods, used in analogue emulation under the digital implementation of the control systems, to the operation of classical Model Reference Adaptive System; CC-based on two current models (MRAS^CC) speed estimator and its three modified versions developed for the extension of the estimator stability region. In this paper the generalized mathematical model of MRAS^CC estimator is proposed, which takes into account all known methods for the extension of the stability region of classical speed estimator of this type. After the short discussion of the discretization methods used for the microprocessor implementation of control algorithms the impact of different numerical integration methods on the stable operation range of the classical and modified MRAS^CC estimators is analyzed and validated in simulation and experimental tests. It is proved that Modified Euler discretization method is much more accurate than forward and backward Euler methods and gives almost as accurate results as Tustin method, however is much less complicated in practical realization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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22 pages, 18280 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Modeling and Analysis of a Deflection Type Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Generator System

by Weichao Dong, Zheng Li, Hexu Sun and Jingxuan Zhang

Energies 2020, 13(6), 1524; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13061524 - 24 Mar 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3189

Abstract

A novel type of multi-degree-of-freedom (multi-DOF) deflecting-type permanent-magnet synchronous wind generator (PMSWG) is constructed to improve the reliability and utilization of wind energy. The basic working principle of the multi-DOF deflecting-type permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) is introduced, and its structural size is experimentally and theoretically determined. Subsequently, the multi-DOF deflecting-type PMSG was used to operate a complete wind turbine. A prototype and three-dimensional (3D) model of the wind turbine is simulated, allowing one to analyze the aerodynamics of the turbine and power generation performance. The electromagnetic field analysis is performed via analytical methods, followed by a 3D finite element and torque analyses. Furthermore, the wind turbine power generation characteristics curves are obtained through simulation software. Finally, transient analysis of post deflection is demonstrated. The before and after deflection values of the generator voltage, current, flux linkage, and induced voltage are compared and analyzed, relying on simulations and experiments. Additionally, the wind tunnel experiment is used to compare voltage variation with wind direction. The comparison reveals that the wind generator phase voltage remains maximized with wind direction variation. The results confirm that the proposed PMSWG has excellent performance and future research potential. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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18 pages, 2924 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simplified Sensorless Current Predictive Control of Synchronous Reluctance Motor Using Online Parameter Estimation

by Ahmed Farhan, Mohamed Abdelrahem, Amr Saleh, Adel Shaltout and Ralph Kennel

Energies 2020, 13(2), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13020492 - 19 Jan 2020

Cited by 32 | Viewed by 3807

Abstract

In this paper, a simplified efficient method for sensorless finite set current predictive control (FSCPC) for synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) based on extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed. The proposed FSCPC is based on reducing the computation burden of the conventional FSCPC by using the commanded reference currents to directly calculate the reference voltage vector (RVV). Therefore, the cost function is calculated for only three times and the necessity to test all possible voltage vectors will be avoided. For sensorless control, EKF is composed to estimate the position and speed of the rotor. Whereas the performance of the proposed FSCPC essentially necessitates the full knowledge of SynRM parameters and provides an insufficient response under the parameter mismatch between the controller and the motor, online parameter estimation based on EKF is combined in the proposed control strategy to estimate all parameters of the machine. Furthermore, for simplicity, the parameters of PI speed controller and initial values of EKF covariance matrices are tuned offline using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed control, it is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and tested under different operating conditions. Simulation results show high robustness and reliability of the proposed drive. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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15 pages, 5224 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improved SVPWM Fault-Tolerant Control Strategy for Five-Phase Permanent-Magnet Motor

by Liang Xu, Wenxiang Zhao and Guohai Liu

Energies 2019, 12(24), 4626; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12244626 - 5 Dec 2019

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2384

Abstract

Multiphase permanent-magnet motors have received a lot of attention in the past few years owing to the merits of high power density, high efficiency and high fault-tolerant capability. Particularly, high fault tolerance is very desirable for safety-critical applications. This paper proposes an improved space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) fault-tolerant control for five-phase permanent-magnet motors. First, generalized five-phase SVPWM fault-tolerant control is deduced and analyzed based on single-phase open-circuit fault, thus obtaining various SVPWM fault-tolerant control strategies and yielding a greatly increased capacity to enhance fault-tolerant performance of motor. Then, an improved SVPWM fault-tolerant control strategy with increased DC bus voltage utilization and reduced current harmonics is proposed and compared with the traditional one. Last, effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control strategy is verified by both simulation and experimental results on a five-phase permanent-magnet motor. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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17 pages, 6246 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simplified Model Predictive Current Control of Primary Permanent-Magnet Linear Motor Traction Systems for Subway Applications

by Wei Wang, Zhixiang Lu, Wei Hua, Zheng Wang and Ming Cheng

Energies 2019, 12(21), 4144; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12214144 - 30 Oct 2019

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2393

Abstract

In this paper, a simplified model predictive current control (MPCC) is proposed for the primary permanent-magnet linear motor traction system in subway applications, which is fed by one two-level voltage-source-inverter (VSI). Based on the deadbeat concept, the reference voltage vector is calculated to eliminate the difference between the measured and reference currents in the next sampling period. Due to the discrete feature of the VSI, the reference voltage vector usually cannot be provided. Hence, the distance of a voltage vector is defined, and the voltage vector with the shortest distance is selected as the optimal one, which is called as the shortest distance principle in this paper. According to the shortest distance principle, the distribution of the reference voltage vector is divided into seven sectors, and the optimal voltage vector can be easily determined considering the location of the reference voltage vector. As a result, the computation cost is significantly reduced. However, the performances of MPCC are not affected by this simplification. The equivalence between the proposed and conventional MPCCs is proved in theory. All the theoretical analyses are verified by experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Electric Machines and Drive Systems for Emerging Applications)

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