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Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "J: Thermal Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 23713

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Basma Souayeh

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1. Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
2. Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia
Interests: modeling and simulation; finite volume method; computational fluid dynamics; convection; CFD simulation; heat exchangers; aerodynamics; thermal engineering; engineering simulation; fluid flow; heat transfer
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Prof. Dr. Kashif Ali Abro

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1. Institute of Ground Water Studies, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
2. Department of Basic Sciences and Related Studies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan
Interests: fractional techniques for heat and mass transfer in energy efficiencies; nanofluids as the base fluids with nanoparticles for the sake of enhancement of thermal conductivities via different types nanoparticles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Dr. Suvanjan Bhattacharyya

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Guest Editor

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333 031, India
Interests: heat transfer enhancement; turbulence; renewable energy; heat exchanger; CFD
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Heat transfer is vital in many processes, including electric power generation, automotive propulsion and climate-control systems, household heating and cooling equipment, control of body temperature through clothing, thermal management of electronic equipment, and Earth–atmosphere systems, to name a few examples. Whenever there is a temperature difference, there is heat transfer. Therefore, heat transfer enhancement has become a necessity due to the development of modern technology, with heat exchangers required in various industries for high heat-flux cooling to the level of megawatt per square meter. Enhancement of convective heat transfer is one of the fastest-growing areas in heat transfer. Techniques for enhancing convective heat transfer include passive techniques such as treated surfaces, rough surfaces, extended surfaces, displaced enhancement devices, swirl-flow devices, coiled tubes, surface-tension devices, and additives for fluids such as nanoparticles. Some researchers add only one type of nanoparticles to the base fluid, whereas others are adding two. Examples of active techniques include mechanical aids, surface vibration, fluid vibration, electrostatic fields, suction or injection, jet impingement, compound techniques, and use of a rough-surface tube with a twisted-tape insert. Many other possibilities exist when two or more techniques are combined, an approach termed compound enhancement. Hence, the objective of the Special Issue is to present recent advances as well as up-to-date progress in all areas of heat transfer due to the addition of different types of nanoparticles in engineering and its influence on emerging technologies.

The broad topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

Heat transfer and thermal phenomena at all scales (from nanoscale to macroscale)
Thermal systems and thermal management systems
Nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids and fluid additives
Interdisciplinary study focusing on heat transfer
Waste heat recovery and allied heat transfer applications
Heat transfer in energy storage and energy conservation
Experimental, numerical, and analytical studies focusing on heat transfer and thermal phenomena
Fundamental mechanism and practical applications of heat transfer in wide variety of processes
Heat and mass transfer

Dr. Basma Souayeh
Prof. Dr. Kashif Ali Abro
Dr. Suvanjan Bhattacharyya
Guest Editors

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Keywords

heat transfer
thermal system
thermal phenomena
multiphase flow
nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids
fluid flow
engineering
heat transfer applications
thermal management
cooling
thermal transport
heating
theoretical and experimental analysis
energy conversion
entropy generation
improved physical geometries
boundary conditions
CFD discretization methods

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Editorial

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3 pages, 160 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Editorial for the Special Issue “Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications”

by Basma Souayeh, Kashif Ali Abro and Suvanjan Bhattacharyya

Energies 2023, 16(5), 2228; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16052228 - 25 Feb 2023

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1321

Abstract

This Special Issue titled “Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications” comprises nine original research articles devoted to recent advances, as well as up-to-date progress, in all areas of heat transfer due to the [...] Read more.

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

Research

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15 pages, 1468 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Numerical Analysis of the Hybrid Nanofluid (Ag+TiO₂+Water) Flow in the Presence of Heat and Radiation Fluxes

by Asad Ullah, Nahid Fatima, Khalid Abdulkhaliq M. Alharbi, Samia Elattar, Ikramullah and Waris Khan

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031220 - 22 Jan 2023

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1883

Abstract

The hydrothermal characteristics of (Ag+TiO

_{2}

_{2}

The hydrothermal characteristics of (Ag+TiO

_{2}

_{2}

O) hybrid nanofluid three dimensional flow between two vertical plates, in which the right permeable plate stretches as well as rotates, are investigated by employing varying magnetic, heat and radiation fluxes. The motion is governed by coupled PDEs (nonlinear) obeying suitable boundary conditions. The PDEs coupled system is transformed to a coupled set of nonlinear ODEs employing appropriate similarity transformation relations. The resultant equations are numerically solved through the bv4c solver. The impact of the changing strength of associated parameters on the flow is investigated graphically and through tables. It has been found that the velocity gradient and velocity initially increase and then decrease with increasing Grashof number values in both the suction and injection cases. The enhancing magnetic field first augments and then lowers the velocity gradient in the presence of radiation source of maximum strength. The increasing strength of injection parameter drops the velocity. The temperature distribution in the fluid increases with the increasing Eckert number, radiation flux and heat strength and nanomaterial concentration, and depreciates with the enhancing injection parameter values and Prandtl number. The

C f_{x}

increases with a higher magnetic field magnitude and nanomaterial concentration, and declines with an increasing Grashof number. The results obtained are compared with the available literature in the form of tables. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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12 pages, 1921 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heat Transfer and Fluid Circulation of Thermoelectric Fluid through the Fractional Approach Based on Local Kernel

by Maryam Al Owidh, Basma Souayeh, Imran Qasim Memon, Kashif Ali Abro and Huda Alfannakh

Energies 2022, 15(22), 8473; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228473 - 13 Nov 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1192

Abstract

A thermoelectric effect occurs when a material’s intrinsic property directly converts temperature differences applied across its body into electric voltage. This manuscript presents the prediction for maximum and optimal heat transfer efficiency of a thermoelectric fluid via the non-classical approach of the differential operator. The fractionalized mathematical model is also established to analyze the efficiency and characteristics of thermoelectric fluid through a temperature distribution and velocity field. The comprehensive analytical approach of integral transforms and Cardano’s method are applied to provide analytical solutions that include the dynamic investigation of the temperature distribution and velocity field. A dynamic investigation of the temperature distribution and velocity field of the thermoelectric fluid is explored on the basis of magnetization and anti-magnetization, which describe the behavior for sine and cosine sinusoidal waves. The rheological parameter, i.e., magnetization, suggests that by employing varying magnetic fields, the magnetized intensity generates 34.66% of the magnetic hysteresis during the thermoelectric effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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31 pages, 12178 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Entropy Generation and Natural Convection Heat Transfer of (MWCNT/SWCNT) Nanoparticles around Two Spaced Spheres over Inclined Plates: Numerical Study

by Huda Alfannakh, Basma Souayeh, Najib Hdhiri, Muneerah Al Nuwairan and Muayad Al-Shaeli

Energies 2022, 15(7), 2618; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072618 - 3 Apr 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1992

Abstract

A numerical study is conducted to evaluate the steady natural convective heat transfer problem and entropy generation of both single wall (SWCNT) and multi wall (MWCNT) nanoparticles with water as a base liquid over two spaced spheres. The isothermally heated spheres are located between two plates of short length. The cooled plates are maintained at different inclination angles. A numerical approach based on the finite volume method and multigrid acceleration was used to solve the governing equations. The effects of nanoparticle type, volume fraction, the inclination angle of the plates and the Rayleigh numbers are well-considered. Results reveal that there is a remarkable enhancement of the average Nusselt number over the plates for MWCNT nanoparticles with 63.15% from the inclination angle 0° to 30°. Furthermore, optimal heat transfer rates over the plates for MWCNT nanoparticles equates to 1.9, which is obtained for the inclination 30° and a Rayleigh number of 10⁶. However, for SWCNT nanoparticles, the same equates 0.9, which is obtained for the inclination 90° and a Rayleigh number of 10⁶. The comprehensive analysis is presented under some well-defined assumptions which show the reliability of the present investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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14 pages, 3130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Heat Transfer Characteristics of Fractionalized Hydromagnetic Fluid with Chemical Reaction in Permeable Media

by Basma Souayeh, Kashif Ali Abro, Nisrin Alnaim, Muneerah Al Nuwairan, Najib Hdhiri and Essam Yasin

Energies 2022, 15(6), 2196; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15062196 - 17 Mar 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2160

Abstract

This manuscript optimizes the conjugate heat transfer and thermal-stress analysis for hydromagnetic Brinkman fluid with chemical reaction in permeable media. The governing equations of non-Newtonian Brinkman fluid have been traced out and then fractional derivative approach, namely, Caputo–Fabrizio, is invoked, subject to the exponential boundary conditions. The Fourier Sine and Laplace transforms are applied on governing partial differential equations for generating the analytical results of temperature, concentration and velocity. A comparative study of velocity field is investigated for the sake of long memory and hereditary properties. The analytical investigation of temperature, concentration and velocity field have strong effects on chemical reaction. The graphical depiction of vibrant characteristics of hydromagnetic Brinkman fluid with chemical reaction in permeable media is exhibited for disclosing the sensitivities of different embedded rheological parameters of fluid flow. The results suggested that temperature distribution for smaller and larger Prandtl number has disclosed quick and thicker heat diffusivity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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17 pages, 822 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Computational Analysis of Shear Banding in Simple Shear Flow of Viscoelastic Fluid-Based Nanofluids Subject to Exothermic Reactions

by Idrees Khan, Tiri Chinyoka and Andrew Gill

Energies 2022, 15(5), 1719; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051719 - 25 Feb 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1777

Abstract

We investigated the shear banding phenomena in the non-isothermal simple-shear flow of a viscoelastic-fluid-based nanofluid (VFBN) subject to exothermic reactions. The polymeric (viscoelastic) behavior of the VFBN was modeled via the Giesekus constitutive equation, with appropriate adjustments to incorporate both the non-isothermal and nanoparticle effects. Nahme-type laws were employed to describe the temperature dependence of the VFBN viscosities and relaxation times. The Arrhenius theory was used for the modeling and incorporation of exothermic reactions. The VFBN was modeled as a single-phase homogeneous-mixture and, hence, the effects of the nanoparticles were based on the volume fraction parameter. Efficient numerical schemes based on semi-implicit finite-difference-methods were employed in MATLAB for the computational solution of the governing systems of partial differential equations. The fundamental fluid-dynamical and thermodynamical phenomena, such as shear banding, thermal runaway, and heat transfer rate (HTR) enhancement, were explored under relevant conditions. Important novel results of industrial significance were observed and demonstrated. Firstly, under shear banding conditions of the Giesekus-type VFBN model, we observed remarkable HTR and Therm-C enhancement in the VFBN as compared to, say, NFBN. Specifically, the results demonstrate that the VFBN are less susceptible to thermal runaway than are NFBN. Additionally, the results illustrate that the reduced susceptibility of the Giesekus-type VFBN to the thermal runaway phenomena is further enhanced under shear banding conditions, in particular when the nanofluid becomes increasingly polymeric. Increased polymer viscosity is used as the most direct proxy for measuring the increase in the polymeric nature of the fluid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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12 pages, 3875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Application of Fourier Sine Transform to Carbon Nanotubes Suspended in Ethylene Glycol for the Enhancement of Heat Transfer

by Basma Souayeh, Kashif Ali Abro, Huda Alfannakh, Muneerah Al Nuwairan and Amina Yasin

Energies 2022, 15(3), 1200; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031200 - 7 Feb 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 1772

Abstract

There is no denying fact that nanoparticles of carbon nanotubes are employed to improve the performance of thermal stability in comparison with traditional nanoparticles, this is because nanoparticles of carbon nanotubes possess outstanding material properties. In this manuscript, a mathematical model of mixed convective flow based on carbon nanotubes suspended in ethylene glycol has been developed and derived by means of Fourier Sine transform. In order to analyze the thermophysical properties of nanofluid, the temperature and velocity profiles have been investigated through fractional derivative and integral transforms. The comparative analysis of single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes has been presented for the sake of enhancement of heat transfer. It is worth mentioning that embedded rheological parameters have shown the sensitivity for the enhancement of heat transfer with and without fractional techniques through graphical illustration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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20 pages, 12074 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Augmentation of Heat Transfer in a Circular Channel with Inline and Staggered Baffles

by Muneerah Al Nuwairan and Basma Souayeh

Energies 2021, 14(24), 8593; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248593 - 20 Dec 2021

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1943

Abstract

This numerical investigation presents the effects of the position of baffles in the shape of a circle’s segment placed inside a circular channel to improve the thermal and flow performance of a solar air heater. Three different baffles’ positions with Reynolds number varying between 10,000 to 50,000 were investigated computationally. The k-omega SST model was used for solving the governing equations. Air was taken as the working fluid. Three pitch ratios (Y = 3, 4, and 5) were considered, while the height of the baffles remained fixed. The result showed an enhancement in Nusselt number, friction factor, j-factor, and thermal performance factor. Staggered exit-length baffles showed maximum enhancement in heat transfer and pressure drop, while inline inlet-length baffles showed the least enhancement. For a pitch ratio of Y = 3.0, the enhancement in all parameters was the highest, while for Y = 5.0, the enhancement in all parameters was the least. The highest thermal performance factor of 1.6 was found for SEL at Y = 3.0. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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Review

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32 pages, 6052 KiB

Open AccessReview

Reproduction of Nanofluid Synthesis, Thermal Properties and Experiments in Engineering: A Research Paradigm Shift

by Humaira Yasmin, Solomon O. Giwa, Saima Noor and Hikmet Ş. Aybar

Energies 2023, 16(3), 1145; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031145 - 20 Jan 2023

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3054

Abstract

The suspension of different nanoparticles into various conventional thermal fluids to synthesize nanofluids has been proven to possess superior thermal, optical, tribological, and convective properties, and the heat transfer performance over conventional thermal fluids. This task appears trivial but is complicated and significant to nanofluid synthesis and its subsequent utilization in diverse applications. The stability of mono and hybrid nanofluids is significantly related to stirring duration and speed; volume, density, and base fluid type; weight/volume concentration, density, nano-size, and type of mono or hybrid nanoparticles used; type and weight of surfactant used; and sonication time, frequency, mode, and amplitude. The effects of these parameters on stability consequently affect the thermal, optical, tribological, and convective properties, and the heat transfer performance of nanofluids in various applications, leading to divergent, inaccurate, and suspicious results. Disparities in results have inundated the public domain in this regard. Thus, this study utilized published works in the public domain to highlight the trend in mono or hybrid nanofluid formulation presently documented as the norm, with the possibility of changing the status quo. With the huge progress made in this research area in which a large quantum of different nanoparticles, base fluids, and surfactants have been deployed and more are still emerging in the application of these advanced thermal fluids in diverse areas, there is a need for conformity and better accuracy of results. Reproduction of results of stability, thermal, optical, tribological, anti-wear, and fuel properties; photothermal conversion; and supercooling, lubrication, engine, combustion, emission, thermo-hydraulic, and heat transfer performances of formulated mono or hybrid nanofluids are possible through the optimization and detailed documentation of applicable nanofluid preparation parameters (stirring time and speed, sonication duration, amplitude, mode, frequency, and surfactant concentration) employed in formulating mono or hybrid nanofluids. This proposed approach is expected to project a new frontier in nanofluid research and serve as a veritable working guide to the nanofluid research community. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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15 pages, 1393 KiB

Open AccessReview

Review on Boiling Heat Transfer Enhancement Techniques

by Chandan Swaroop Meena, Ashwani Kumar, Sanghati Roy, Alessandro Cannavale and Aritra Ghosh

Energies 2022, 15(15), 5759; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15155759 - 8 Aug 2022

Cited by 39 | Viewed by 5201

Abstract

Boiling is considered an important mode of heat transfer (HT) enhancement and has several industrial cooling applications. Boiling has the potential to minimize energy losses from HT devices, compared with other convection or conduction modes of HT enhancement. The purpose of this review article was to analyze, discuss, and compare existing research on boiling heat transfer enhancement techniques from the last few decades. We sought to understand the effect of nucleation sites on plain and curved surfaces and on HT enhancement, to suggest future guidelines for researchers to consider. This would help both research and industry communities to determine the best surface structure and surface manufacturing technique for a particular fluid. We discuss pool boiling HT enhancement, and present conclusions and recommendations for future research. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat Transfer Enhancement and Fluid Flow Features Due to the Addition of Nanoparticles in Engineering Applications)

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