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Nanoparticles and Nanofluids for Electrical Power and Energy Systems
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Nanoparticles and Nanofluids for Electrical Power and Energy Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "D3: Nanoenergy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 10964

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Łukasz Nagi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Electrical Power Engineering and Renewable Energy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland
Interests: partial discharge; high voltage engineering; electrical power engineering; transformers; high voltage measurement; electrostatics; renewable energy technologies; ionizing radiation; air ionization; electrical insulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In power systems where oils or esters are both electrical insulators and coolants, the complete replacement of used oil is quite expensive, and aged transformer oil is environmentally hazardous. For this reason, intensive research is being carried out on substitutes and on modification of existing substances, increasing their service life and resistance to the phenomena affecting them. Recently, much attention has been given to certain solutions with the use of nanoparticles. This Special Issue will focus on the use of nanoparticles in the treatment of aged electrical insulating liquids such as mineral oils, vegetable oils or natural and synthetic esters, or in the creation of mixtures based on fresh liquids. The use of nanoparticles based on metal oxides or equivalent forms of nanoparticle carbon will be welcomed. Electrical, physicochemical parameters significantly influence the possibility of using the concoctions in electrical power and energy systems.

Dr. Łukasz Nagi
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Nanoparticles
  • Nanofluids
  • Heat transfer
  • Electrical properties
  • Thermal/electrical conductivity
  • Viscosity
  • Energy

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 14887 KiB  
Article
Statistical Analysis of Breakdown Voltage of Insulating Liquid Dopped with Surfactants
by Łukasz Nagi and Mateusz Bogacz
Energies 2023, 16(3), 1230; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16031230 - 23 Jan 2023
Viewed by 1573
Abstract
This article presents the research process and statistical analysis of the selection of an appropriate type of surfactant to be added to natural ester oil MIDEL eN 1204. The tested parameter was the breakdown voltage. The following surfactants were tested: Triton X, ROKwino [...] Read more.
This article presents the research process and statistical analysis of the selection of an appropriate type of surfactant to be added to natural ester oil MIDEL eN 1204. The tested parameter was the breakdown voltage. The following surfactants were tested: Triton X, ROKwino l80, and oleic acid. With the obtained results, we can conclude that the surfactants with the best properties, compared to the basic oil sample, have oleic acid, and also that high levels of breakdown voltage characterize a sample of Triton X with a concentration of 2%. Statistical analysis was performed using the MATLAB program. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles and Nanofluids for Electrical Power and Energy Systems)
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14 pages, 3016 KiB  
Article
Streaming Electrification of C60 Fullerene Doped Insulating Liquids for Power Transformers Applications
by Maciej Zdanowski
Energies 2022, 15(7), 2496; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072496 - 29 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2197
Abstract
Long-term and fault-free operation of power transformers depends on the electrical strength of the insulation system and effective heat dissipation. Forced circulation of the insulating liquid is used to increase the cooling capacity. A negative effect of such a solution is the creation [...] Read more.
Long-term and fault-free operation of power transformers depends on the electrical strength of the insulation system and effective heat dissipation. Forced circulation of the insulating liquid is used to increase the cooling capacity. A negative effect of such a solution is the creation of the phenomenon of streaming electrification, which in unfavorable conditions may lead to damage to the insulating system of the transformer. This paper presents results of research confirming the possibility of using fullerene C60 to reduce the phenomenon of streaming electrification generated by the flow of liquid dielectrics. The volume charge density qw was used as a material indicator to determine the electrostatic charging tendency (ECT) of nanofluids. This parameter was determined from the Abedian-Sonin electrification model on the basis of electrification current measurements and selected physicochemical and electrical properties of the liquid. The electrification current was measured in a flow system with an aluminum pipe of 4 mm diameter and 400 mm length. All measurements were carried out at a temperature of 20 °C. The influence of flow velocity (from 0.34 m/s to 1.75 m/s) and C60 concentration (25 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L and 350 mg/L) was analyzed on the electrification of fresh and aged Trafo En mineral oil, as well as Midel 1204 natural ester and Midel 7131 synthetic ester. The density, kinematic viscosity, dielectric constant, and conductivity were also determined. A negative effect of the C60 doping on the electrostatic properties of fresh mineral oil was demonstrated. For other liquids, fullerene C60 can be used as an inhibitor of the streaming electrification process. Based on the analysis of the qw parameter, the optimum concentration of C60 (from 100 mg/L to 200 mg/L) resulting in the highest reduction of the electrification phenomenon in nanofluids was identified. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles and Nanofluids for Electrical Power and Energy Systems)
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16 pages, 3365 KiB  
Article
Improving Thermal Stability and Hydrophobicity of Rutile-TiO2 Nanoparticles for Oil-Impregnated Paper Application
by Mohammed Mahmood Katun, Rudo Kadzutu-Sithole, Nosipho Moloto, Cuthbert Nyamupangedengu and Chandima Gomes
Energies 2021, 14(23), 7964; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14237964 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2411
Abstract
Thermal stress and moisture absorption can cause a synergetic negative impact on kraft paper. Among various approaches for improving the dielectric properties of kraft paper, nanotechnology has had promising results. However, the hydrophilicity of most metal oxide nanoparticles renders nanomodified kraft paper more [...] Read more.
Thermal stress and moisture absorption can cause a synergetic negative impact on kraft paper. Among various approaches for improving the dielectric properties of kraft paper, nanotechnology has had promising results. However, the hydrophilicity of most metal oxide nanoparticles renders nanomodified kraft paper more vulnerable to thermal stress and moisture, thereby inducing degradation. In nanomodified kraft paper research, the use of TiO2 nanoparticles has yielded the most promising results. The major shortfall, however, is the hydrophilicity of TiO2. This work investigated surface modifications of rutile-TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) for improved hydrophobicity and thermal stability. Rutile-TiO2 NPs is a nontoxic metal oxide that can withstand high temperature and is stable in chemical reactions. Two cases of surfactants were used—alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA). The intention was to increase heat resistance and reduce the surface free energy of the rutile-TiO2 NPs. The impacts of the surface modifiers on the rutile-TiO2 NPs were characterised using FT-IR, muffle furnace, analytical weight balance, and TGA. It was discovered that new functional groups were formed on the modified NPs examined through FT-IR spectra. This indicates new chemical bonds, introduced through the surface modification. The unmodified rutile-TiO2 NPs absorbed moisture, increasing their mass by 3.88%, compared with the modified nanoparticles, which released moisture instead. TGA analysis revealed that AKD- and ASA-modified rutile-TiO2 needed higher temperatures than the unmodified rutile-TiO2 to markedly decompose. AKD, however, gave better performance than ASA in that regard. As an example, those modified with 5% AKD sustained a 45% higher temperature than the pure TiO2 nanoparticles. Furthermore, in both cases of the surfactants, the higher the percent of surfactant content was, the more thermally stable the nanoparticles became. This work demonstrates the possibility of fabricating rutile-TiO2 NPs to give improved hydrophobicity and thermal stability for possible dielectric applications such as in kraft paper for power transformer insulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles and Nanofluids for Electrical Power and Energy Systems)
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13 pages, 2276 KiB  
Article
Oxidation Stability of Natural Ester Modified by Means of Fullerene Nanoparticles
by Dominika Szcześniak and Piotr Przybylek
Energies 2021, 14(2), 490; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14020490 - 18 Jan 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3485
Abstract
Increasing environmental demands influence the requirements for devices and materials used in the power industry. One example is a power transformer and an electro-insulating liquid used in it. In order to meet these requirements, electro-insulating liquids should be characterized by, inter alia, high [...] Read more.
Increasing environmental demands influence the requirements for devices and materials used in the power industry. One example is a power transformer and an electro-insulating liquid used in it. In order to meet these requirements, electro-insulating liquids should be characterized by, inter alia, high biodegradability and good fire properties. One of such liquids is natural ester. However, its oxidation stability is low in comparison to mineral oil and demands improvement, which can be achieved by the addition of an antioxidant. The authors of this work used fullerene nanoparticles for that purpose. Pure natural ester samples were prepared, and samples with two concentrations of fullerene, 250 mg/L and 500 mg/L in natural ester. All these samples were aged in a thermal oxidation process. Thereafter, the aging properties of all the samples were compared to assess the oxidation stability of modified liquids. Moreover, the electrical properties of prepared insulating liquids were investigated to assess if fullerene deteriorates these properties after aging process. Based on the obtained results, it was proved that the aging process slowed down in the case of both fullerene concentrations in ester. The acid number of natural ester modified using fullerene was lower than in the case of pure liquid. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoparticles and Nanofluids for Electrical Power and Energy Systems)
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